9. GLOBALISATION Developing countries are in general countries which have not achieved a significant degree of industrialisation relative to their populations, and which have, in most cases a medium to low standard of living . There is a strong correlation between low income and high population growth.

10. GLOBALISATION The 21st century is stamped by a world-wide linkage of economy, called globalisation . There is a strong correlation between most countries in sense of tele-communications, industrial production and exchange of goods. There is no possibility for countries to escape this development.

11. GLOBALISATION

12. GLOBALISATION

15. GLOBALISATION PHASE 2 : EARLY INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES (NICs) = start of industrialisation The economy of these countries shows a still high primary sector but an increasing secondary sector and a slowly increasing tertiary sector

16. GLOBALISATION PHASE 3: HIGH INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES = industrialisation completed The economy changes again: the primary sector decreases significantly, the secondary sector becomes the dominating sector and also the tertiary sector increases.

17. GLOBALISATION PHASE 4: POST INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES = very advanced – mainly “new industries”  “leisure society” The economy’s primary sector has become very low in the meantime, the secondary sector decreases significantly and the tertiary sector becomes the dominating one. In addition a new quartery sector is added (= international services).

19. GLOBALISATION The example of newly industrialised countries shows that it is possible to develop: First Step :  LAND REFORMS joining of mini-farms; more (simple) machines  people set free to work in industry Second Step :  LOW TECH INDUSTRIES = those that are possible with non-skilled workers, few and simple machines e.g. shoes, textiles, toys.... Third Step :  MASS PRODUCTION the more people come to work in the cities the more it is possible to produce – the world market is “flooded” with cheap goods Final Step :  HIGH TECH INDUSTRIES more and more branches introduced to become self-sufficient; better education ( skilled workers ...) transition to more complicated goods (high tech)  standard of living rises....

20. GLOBALISATION DEMOGRAPHIC VIEW Industrialised countries: About 200 years ago industrialisation started and with the years prosperity and life expectancy (better medical care, less infant mortality ) grew continuously. In addition to better education, women at work, and a higher standard of living this caused a notable decrease of the birth rate  so in our days population increases very slowly or stagnates or even decreases! In general we notice a birth rate of ~ +/- 1% and a death rate of ~ +/- 1%, too. The tendency of shrinking growth is balanced out by migration from less developed countries. At the moment ~ ¼ of the world’s population lives in industrialised countries

21. GLOBALISATION Developing countries: Industrial development only started in the past 20 or 30 years. Most of the countries currently are still in the first or second phase of development  that means that the population growth is enormous (“population scissors” open!) In general we notice a birth rate of ~ +/- 4% and a death rate of ~ +/- 2%. At the moment ~ ¾ of the world’s population live in developing countries.

22. GLOBALISATION Reasons for many children: INFANT MORTALITY: Medical care is still not available for many people living in the countryside WORKFORCE : children are needed to help to support the family “ RETIREMENT INSURANCE ”: no state pensions – children have to take care of their parents when they are old SOCIETY: only male descendants guarantee the survival of the old (in connection to the current infant mortality this means that every family should have at least 4 sons to have their “pension” guaranteed SOCIAL PRESTIGE: “real men” have many children – men don’t co- operate with family planning RELIGION: nearly every religion is against contraceptives