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shrutivista

An introduction to Ad hoc network

Technologie

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (manets) Submitted by: Shruti Maharishi markandeshwar university,mullana Ambala(haryana)

Table of Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Proactive Protocol (Table Driven): ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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ATTACKS IN AD HOC NETWORKS ,[object Object],[object Object]

Active attacks ,[object Object],[object Object]

Passive attacks ,[object Object],[object Object]

Security Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Applications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Was ist angesagt?

Security issues in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

International Journal of Engineering Inventions www.ijeijournal.com

MANETs (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is a self-governing system in which different mobile nodes are connected by wireless links. MANETs comprise of mobile nodes that are independent for moving in and out over the network. Nodes are the devices or systems that is laptops, mobile phone etc. those are participating in the network. These nodes can operate as router/host or both simultaneously. These nodes can form uninformed topologies as per their connectivity among nodes over the network. Security in MANETs is the prime anxiety for the fundamental working of network. MANETs frequently will be ill with security threats because of it having features like altering its topology dynamically, open medium, lack of central management & monitoring, cooperative algorithms and no apparent security mechanism. These factors draw an attention for the MANETs against the security intimidation. In this paper we have studied about security attack in MANET and its consequences, proposed technique for black hole detection is hybrid in nature which combines the benefit of proactive and reactive protocol and proposed technique is compared with AODV.

V3 i301

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The mobile ad hoc networks get subjected to security threats like other wireless networks. But due to their peer to peer approach and absence of infrastructural resources the mobile ad hoc networks can not use strong cryptographic mechanisms as used by their other wireless counterparts. This led to the development of trust based methods as security solutions wherein a trusted node is relaxed from security checks when the trust value reaches to a particular limit. The trust methods are prone to security risks but have found their acceptance due to efficiency over computationally expensive and time consuming cryptographic methods. The major problem with the trust methods is the period during which trust is growing and is yet to reach the requisite threshold. This paper proposes security mechanism dependent upon Random Electronic Code Book (RECB) combined with permutation functions. The proposed mechanism has low time complexity, is easier to implement, computationally inexpensive and has very high brute force search value. It can be used as the temporary security guard during the trust growth phase. The impetus behind the proposed design is the reliance upon shared information between the peers in the ad hoc networks.

SHARED INFORMATION BASED SECURITY SOLUTION FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

ijwmn

A mobile ad hoc network is a wireless network in which no infrastructure is available. MANET is a selfconfiguring network. Due to dynamic nature of MANET it is very challenging work to employ a secure route. The intermediate nodes cooperate with each other as there is no such base station or access point. The routing protocols play important role in transferring data. Cryptographic mechanisms are used in routing protocols to secure data packets while transmitted in the network. But cryptographic techniques incur a high computational cost and can’t identify the nodes with malicious intention. So, employing cryptographic techniques in MANET are quite impractical as MANETs have limited resource and vulnerable to several security attacks. Trust mechanism is used as an alternative to cryptographic technique. Trust mechanism secures data forwarding by isolating nodes with malicious intention using trust value on the nodes. In this paper we survey different trust based protocols of MANET and compare their performances.

A comparative study on different trust based routing schemes in manet

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Flooding attack manet

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In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) all the nodes are freely moves in the absence of without ant centralized coordination system. Due to that the attackers or malicious nodes are easily affected that kind of network and responsible for the routing misbehavior. The routing is network is mandatory to deliver data in between source and destination. In this research we work on security field in MANET and proposed a novel security scheme against routing misbehavior through Black hole attack. The Ad hoc On demand Multipath Routing (AOMDV) protocol is consider for routing and also to improves the routing quality as compare to single path routing protocol. The attacker is affected all the possible paths that is selected by sender for sending data in network. The malicious nodes are forward optimistic reply at the time of routing by that their identification is also a complex procedure. The proposed Intrusion Detection System (IDS) scheme is identified the attacker information through hop count mechanism. The routing information of actual data is reached to which intermediate node and the next hop information is exist at that node is confirm by IDS scheme. The black hole attacker node Identification (ID) is forward in network by that in future attacker is not participating in routing procedure. The proposed security scheme detects and provides the deterrence against routing misbehavior through malicious attack. Here we compare the routing performance of AOMDV, Attack and IDS scheme. The performance of normal multipath routing and proposed IDS scheme is almost equal. The attacker has degrades the whole routing performance but observed that in presence of attacker, routing misbehavior is completely block by the proposed IDS scheme and recovers 95 % of data as compare to normal routing.

An ids scheme against black hole attack to secure aomdv routing in manet

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8.wireless network types, devices roles and states

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Dynamic trust management for delay tolerant networks and its application to secure routing Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are characterized by high end-to-end latency, frequent disconnection, and opportunistic communication over unreliable wireless links. In this paper, we design and validate a dynamic trust management protocol for secure routing optimization in DTN environments in the presence of well-behaved, selfish and malicious nodes. We develop a novel model-based methodology for the analysis of our trust protocol and validate

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Wireless Sensor Network contain number of nodes. Lifetime of Sensor nodes depend on their battery power, which cannot be reenergize. Thus, to save the node energy & lifetime of the Network energy efficient LEACH protocol is introduced. Wireless sensor networks are facing many experiments such as the partial source in processing power, storage and energy. The inadequate energy source is one of the main tasks facing the security in such networks. LEACH doesn’t shield the safety harms. So we want to improve security scenario of Secure LEACH protocol. Hierarchical or cluster base routing protocol for WSNs is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. This paper shows different security mechanism used in LEACH protocol. This all protocol is based on Hierarchical routing protocol. This paper shows basic scenario of security in LEACH.

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Vehicular communications play a substantial role in providing safety transportation by means of safety message exchange. Researchers have proposed several solutions for securing safety messages. Protocols based on a fixed key infrastructure are more efficient in implementation and maintain stronger security in comparison with dynamic structures. The purpose of this paper present a method based on a fixed key infrastructure for detection impersonation attack, in other words, Sybil attack, in the vehicular ad hoc network. This attack, puts a great impact on performance of the network. The proposed method, using an cryptography mechanism to detection Sybil attack. Finally, using Mat lab simulator the results of this approach are reviewed, This method it has low delay for detection Sybil attack, because most operations are done in Certification Authority, so this proposed schema is a efficient method for detection Sybil attack.

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Survey of manet misbehaviour detection approaches

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Attacks on mobile ad hoc networks

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Security issues in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

V3 i301

SHARED INFORMATION BASED SECURITY SOLUTION FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

A comparative study on different trust based routing schemes in manet

Flooding attack manet

An ids scheme against black hole attack to secure aomdv routing in manet

8.wireless network types, devices roles and states

Sunilkumar2017

E0432933

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E content,S.Abirami,II-M.sc(computer Science),Bon Secours college for women

A Survey on Secure Hierarchical LEACH Protocol over Wireless Sensor Network

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This paper proposes a centralized algorithm for cluster-head-selection in a mobile wireless sensor network. Before execution of algorithm in each round, Base station runs centralized localization algorithm whereby sensors update their locations to base station and accordingly Base station performs dynamic clustering. Afterwards Base station runs CA-MWSN for cluster-head-selection. The proposed algorithm uses three fuzzy inputs Residual energy, Expected Residual Energy and Mobility to find Chance of nodes to be elected as Cluster-head. The node with highest Chance is declared as a Cluster-head for that particular cluster. Dynamic clustering provides uniform and significant distribution of energy in a non-uniform distribution of sensors. CA-MWSN guarantees completion of the round.

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The advancement of science and technology had made mobile ad hoc network an important tool to access network of next generation. Recently, numerous multipath routing protocols for mobile ad hoc network are reported in literature. Each routing methods works based on their salient feature, but failed to control congestion, energy efficiency, overhead packets, signal stability during data transmission which leads to edge effect, signal decay and bottleneck situation of the bandwidth consumption. In this paper a novel approach havely Geographical Distance based Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (GD-AOMDV), which selects the path based on transmission distance value to limit and control the congestion and control overheads has been proposed. The salient feature of the proposed model is that it establishes a relationship between path distance and MANET design parameters including transmission range, consumption of energy and bandwidth. The accuracy of the proposed scheme is analyzed and validated with the experimental results in respect to various flow using NS2 simulations.

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Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a quite challenging to ensures security because if it’s open nature, lack of infrastructure, and high mobility of nodes. MANETs is a fast changing network in a form of decentralized wireless system. It requires a unique, distinct and persistent identity per node in order to provide their security and also has become an indivisible part for communication for mobile device. In this phase of dissertation, we have focused giving security to Temporally Ordered Routing Protocol Algorithm (TORA) from Sybil attack. TORA is based on a family of link reversal algorithm. It is highly adaptive distributing routing algorithm used in MANET that is able to provide multiple loop-free routes to any destination using the Route Creation, Route Maintenance and Route Erasure functions. Sybil attack is a serious threat for wireless networks. This type of attacker comes in the network and they start creating multiple identities. From that multiple identities they are disrupting the network by participating in communication with line breaking nodes. This cause’s huge loss in network resources. These networks can be protected using network failure and firewall detection schemes for detecting the attack and minimizing their effects. Proposed approach is expected to secure TORA through the implementation. Performance factor of network would be taken into consideration in order to verify the efficiency of modified TORA in MANET environment.

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A MANET is an autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links. Since the nodes are mobile, the network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time. The network is decentralized, where all network activity including discovering the topology and delivering messages must be executed by the nodes themselves, i.e., routing functionality will be incorporated into mobile nodes.. In this paper routing protocols GRP for mobile ad hoc network with centralized system is checked to know the performance of the network. We will see that, is their any change in the performance of the network if will deploy centralized system in MANET.

Centralized System in MANET with GRP Protocol

ijceronline

In this dynamic world, communication is a sine qua non for development. Communication represents sharing of information which can be local or remote. Though local communications may occur face to face between individuals remote communications take place among people over long distances. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are becoming an interesting part of research due to the increasing growth of wireless devices (laptops, tablets, mobiles etc.) and as well as wireless internet facilities like 4G/Wi-Fi. A MANET is any infrastructure-less network formed by independent and self-configuring nodes. Each node acts as router. In order to send data, the source node initiates a routing process by using a routing protocol. The nature of the wireless medium is always insecure. So, during routing many attacks can take place. The main objective of an eavesdropper is to grab the confidential information in the network. This secret information is used by a malicious node to perform further attacks. Here, the entire problem lies in identifying the eavesdropper because the eavesdropper acts a normal node in the network. In this paper, we analyzed the impact of eavesdropper while executing an Ad hoc On Demand routing (AODV) protocol in MANETs. All the simulations are done using QualNet 5.1 network simulator. From the results, it is found that the network performance degrades in presence of an eavesdropper.

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A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is a collection of mobile nodes or a temporary network set up by wireless mobile nodes moving arbitrary in the places that have no network infrastructure in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on continual basis. Thus the nodes find a path to the destination node using routing protocols. However, due to security vulnerabilities of the routing protocols, wireless ad-hoc networks are unprotected to attacks of the malicious nodes. Various attacks and one of those attacks is the Black Hole Attack against network integrity absorbing all data packets in the network. Since the data packets do not reach the destination node on account of this attack, data loss will occur. Therefore, it is a severe attack that can be easily employed against routing in mobile ad hoc networks. There are lots of detection and defense mechanisms to eliminate the intruder that carry out the black hole attack. . Virtual Infrastructure achieves reliable transmission in Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Black Hole Attack is the major problem to affect the Virtual Infrastructure. In this paper, approach on analyzing and improving the security of AODV, which is one of the popular routing protocols for MANET. Our aim is to ensuring the avoidance against Black hole attack.

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Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a self-configuring and infrastructure-less network which consists of mobile devices such as mobiles, laptops, PDA's etc. Because of its lack of infrastructure, wireless mobile communication, dynamic topology, MANET is vulnerable to various security attacks. This survey paper presents an overview of developments of voting and non-voting based certificate revocation mechanisms in past few years. Certificate revocation is an important method used to secure the MANET. Certificate revocation isolates the attacker nodes from participating in network activities by revoking its certificate. Over last few years different schemes are explored for certificate revocation. In concluding section we present the limitations of the current cluster based certificate revocation scheme.

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Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is consists of mobile hosts or sensor nodes proficient of functioning in absence of infrastructure. Such networks should be capable of self forming, self organizing, self managing, self recovering, and able to operate under dynamic conditions. The multi-hop communication phenomenon is used to sending information to receiver. To attain this, each mobile node depends on its neighbor or range node to forward the data packet to the destination. In fact, most of previous studies on MANET have implicitly assumed that nodes are cooperative such as node cooperation becomes a very important issue in MANET. The attacker in dynamic network are easily affected the routing performance and data receiving ratio is affected as compared to normal performance of network as well as dropping of data is enhanced. The packets percentage is degrades is the confirmation of attacker misbehavior. The characteristics of wormhole attack is to making the tunnel and reply the positive acknowledgement of destination at time of route request and drop all the data deliver through tunnel. The attacker is identified by the past and current data receiving and forwarding in MANET. The proposed IPS (Intrusion Detection and Prevention System) provides the security on the basis of link reliability. In this work, we proposed new link reliability based security through Predecessor based Route Establishment of detecting routing misbehavior of wormhole attack for prevention in MANET. The attacker is blocked through the broadcasting scheme used by proposed prevention scheme from their actual identification to neighbors. The security provider nodes are blocking the communication of attacker and provide the secure communication among the mobile nodes. The performance of proposed scheme is evaluated through performance metrics like PDR and throughput.

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Mobile Ad hoc Network is basically a crew of mobile traffic nodes, which figure an effectual dynamic topology and built a resource mannered network. Mobile Ad hoc Networks are exceptional cases of ad hoc networks that, but it is lacking infrastructure, communicating entities pass with various accelerations. For that reason, this impedes or delay lays the foundation of well built end-to-end communication paths. So Mobile Ad-hoc Network having efficient data transfer. In this manner, MANETs have out of the common network concerns and security challenges to get the advanced connectivity, immune communications, and reputation executives systems which have an impact on the trust in cooperation and settlement between mobile networking units. In this survey paper we confer about the security attributes, attacks, and challenges of MANETs.So, it is important to have a better and good formation algorithm to connect all the nodes to each other. There must be less time, low delay time, more battery life, more speeds of packets.

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Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network that is formed automatically via wireless links by a collection of mobile nodes without the help of a fixed infrastructure or centralized management. The mobile nodes allow communication among the nodes outside the wireless transmission range by hop to hop and the forward packets to each other. Due to dynamic infrastructure-less nature and lack of centralized monitoring points, the ad hoc networks are vulnerable to attacks. The network performance and reliability is break by attacks on ad hoc network routing protocols. AODV is a important on-demand reactive routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. There is no any security provision against a “BlackvHole” and “Wormhole” attacks in existing AODV protocol. Black hole nodes are those malicious nodes that conform to forward packet to destination. But they do not forward packet intentionally to the destination node. The black hole nodes degrade the performance of network eventually by participating in the network actively. The propose watchdog mechanism detect the black hole nodes in a MANET. This method first detects a black hole attack in the network and then provide a new route to this node. In this, the performance of original AODV and modified AODV in the presence of multiple black hole nodes is find out on the basis of throughput and packet delivery ratio. In a wormhole attack, intruders tunnel the data from one end of the network to the other, leading distant network nodes to trust they are neighbors’ and making them communicate through the wormhole link.

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Mobile wirelesses networks are generally open to various attacks like information and physical security attacks than fixed wired networks. Securing wireless ad hoc networks is particularly more difficult for many of the reasons for example vulnerability of channels and nodes, absence of infrastructure, dynamically changing topology etc. After that we initialize the number of nodes. Then implement protocol for the communication of nodes. Due to these protocols communication start. And this will be then implemented in CRNs which stand for cognitive radio network in which channel sensing is done. By the use of CRN security will be improved and performance will be enhanced. Find the malicious nodes occur in the network. One malicious node uses routing protocol to claim itself of being shortest path to last node but drops routing packets and doesn’t send packets to its neighbors. In last evaluate the parameters.

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In the thrilling conclusion to 2023, ransomware groups had a banner year, really outdoing themselves in the "make everyone's life miserable" department. LockBit 3.0 took gold in the hacking olympics, followed by the plucky upstarts Clop and ALPHV/BlackCat. Apparently, 48% of organizations were feeling left out and decided to get in on the cyber attack action. Business services won the "most likely to get digitally mugged" award, with education and retail nipping at their heels. Hackers expanded their repertoire beyond boring old encryption to the much more exciting world of extortion. The US, UK and Canada took top honors in the "countries most likely to pay up" category. Bitcoins were the currency of choice for discerning hackers, because who doesn't love untraceable money?

Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdf

Overkill Security

Join our latest Connector Corner webinar to discover how UiPath Integration Service revolutionizes API-centric automation in a 'Quote to Cash' process—and how that automation empowers businesses to accelerate revenue generation. A comprehensive demo will explore connecting systems, GenAI, and people, through powerful pre-built connectors designed to speed process cycle times. Speakers: James Dickson, Senior Software Engineer Charlie Greenberg, Host, Product Marketing Manager

Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...

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presentation ICT roal in 21st century education

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Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/why-teams-call-analytics-is-critical-to-your-entire-business Nothing is as frustrating and noticeable as being in an important call and being unable to see or hear the other person. Not surprising then, that issues with Teams calls are among the most common problems users call their helpdesk for. Having in depth insight into everything relevant going on at the user’s device, local network, ISP and Microsoft itself during the call is crucial for good Microsoft Teams Call quality support. To ensure a quick and adequate solution and to ensure your users get the most out of their Microsoft 365. But did you know that ‘bad calls’ are also an excellent indicator of other problems arising? Precisely because it is so noticeable!? Like the canary in the mine, bad calls can be early indicators of problems. Problems that might otherwise not have been noticed for a while but can have a big impact on productivity and satisfaction. Join this session by Christoph Adler to learn how true Microsoft Teams call quality analytics helped other organizations troubleshoot bad calls and identify and fix problems that impacted Teams calls or the use of Microsoft365 in general. See what it can do to keep your users happy and productive! In this session we will cover - Why CQD data alone is not enough to troubleshoot call problems - The importance of attributing call problems to the right call participant - What call quality analytics can do to help you quickly find, fix-, and prevent problems - Why having retrospective detailed insights matters - Real life examples of how others have used Microsoft Teams call quality monitoring to problem shoot problems with their ISP, network, device health and more.

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business

panagenda

AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024

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MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors

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Corporate and higher education. Two industries that, in the past, have had a clear divide with very little crossover. The difference in goals, learning styles and objectives paved the way for differing learning technologies platforms to evolve. Now, those stark lines are blurring as both sides are discovering they have content that’s relevant to the other. Join Tammy Rutherford as she walks through the pros and cons of corporate and higher ed collaborating. And the challenges of these different technology platforms working together for a brighter future.

Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx

Rustici Software

Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty

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Created by Mozilla Research in 2012 and now part of Linux Foundation Europe, the Servo project is an experimental rendering engine written in Rust. It combines memory safety and concurrency to create an independent, modular, and embeddable rendering engine that adheres to web standards. Stewardship of Servo moved from Mozilla Research to the Linux Foundation in 2020, where its mission remains unchanged. After some slow years, in 2023 there has been renewed activity on the project, with a roadmap now focused on improving the engine’s CSS 2 conformance, exploring Android support, and making Servo a practical embeddable rendering engine. In this presentation, Rakhi Sharma reviews the status of the project, our recent developments in 2023, our collaboration with Tauri to make Servo an easy-to-use embeddable rendering engine, and our plans for the future to make Servo an alternative web rendering engine for the embedded devices industry. (c) Embedded Open Source Summit 2024 April 16-18, 2024 Seattle, Washington (US) https://events.linuxfoundation.org/embedded-open-source-summit/ https://ossna2024.sched.com/event/1aBNF/a-year-of-servo-reboot-where-are-we-now-rakhi-sharma-igalia

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