This talk was held in the March 2016 ITSL (http://www.itsl.uzh.ch) workshop on open geodata that brought together representatives from the Swiss National Mapping Agency Swisstopo, academic experts in geoinformation science and law, OGD practicioners from the City of Zurich, Gary Gale (UK, what3words) and myself. The purpose was to identify opportunities and threats that come with open geodata. My talk was specifically intended to approach these topics primarily from an industry perspective.
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Shukrawar Peth 6297143586 Call Hot In...
Swiss Open Geodata: Opportunities and Threats
1. Open geodata: Opportunities and threats
Ralph Straumann, @rastrau
Ernst Basler + Partner, Zurich
also: Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford
ITSL Workshop March 9, 2016
4. EBP and data
We use open data, government-issued and other
We help government (and private institutions) produce data,
derive data, assess data quality, disseminate data, etc.
We are project-driven, and so is data we handle – free or not
We don’t usually publish data
(there’s not really a stock of in-house data)
We advocate open data policies, e.g. in strategy consulting
We are an institutional member of Opendata.ch
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 4
5. «Opportunities and threats»
For who? To whom?
Private companies?
Individuals?
Government and administration?
Budget?
Society?
All end-users?
...
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 5
6. All too common mis-labelling
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 6
http://geolion.zh.ch/opendata
7. All too common mis-labelling
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 7
8. OGD = easier data gathering and lowered
entry barriers
Ex: price for communal geodata:
0–20kCHF per commune
[Buogo & Moullet 2012]
Data monopolies or oligopolies are
abolished data not (with)held
by service providers anymore
(e.g. cadastral surveyor, SBB)
Hence:
Lowered barriers to entering a
market. New data products or
applications become viable.
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 8
9. License jungle
Plethora of licenses in federal, cantonal and municipal offices
(and also other data providers, e.g. ODbL for OSM), PD for NaturalEarth)
License, usage conditions, usage restrictions, requests, ...,
sometimes contradicting
Licenses that are incompatible with certain uses e.g. OSM
For some licenses: Virality
E.g., what is a collective work, what a derived work?
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 9
11. «Data debt» (cf. «technical debt»)
«In the long-term, one of the biggest challenges of Open
Data is not to have the raw data publicly available, but to
provide and consume up-to-date and high quality services
based on the original data. As a consumer, you have to keep in
mind that everything is a cache, as long as you are not the
owner of the data. You are in a dependency chain and you are
not in control of the whole chain.»
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 11
http://geo.ebp.ch/2014/03/31/services-or-raw-data
12. Data debt and unintended consequences
App with outdated data: Kataster der belasteten Standorte
(InteractiveThings)
Refusal of data access: Mailboxes, OSM and Swiss Post
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 12
13. Data debt
App with outdated data: Kataster der belasteten Standorte
(InteractiveThings)
Refusal of data access: Mailboxes, OSM and Swiss Post
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 13
14. Data debt
App with outdated data: Kataster der belasteten Standorte
(InteractiveThings)
Refusal of data access: Mailboxes, OSM and Swiss Post
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 14
15. Not law – but open data ethics?
Charter for Public Statistics in Switzerland (2014):
e.g., statistics are mandated, respondents give informed consent, data is provided
to the public, etc.
http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/news/publikationen.html?publicationID=4876
3D Ethics Charter («3D OK»):
e.g., avoid bias, use reliable and current data, document source data, reference
changes in the data, etc.
http://3dok.info/WordPress3/les-principes-de-la-charte/?lang=en
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 15
http://geo.ebp.ch/2014/06/05/open-data-rechte-und-pflichten
16. Not law – but open data ethics?
Charter for Public Statistics in Switzerland (2014):
e.g., statistics are mandated, respondents give informed consent, data is provided
to the public, etc.
http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/news/publikationen.html?publicationID=4876
3D Ethics Charter («3D OK»):
e.g., avoid bias, use reliable and current data, document source data, reference
changes in the data, etc.
http://3dok.info/WordPress3/les-principes-de-la-charte/?lang=en
... and OGD?
Signatories of these kinds of charters are usually official-ish bodies
How can we achieve commitment of relevant actors?
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 16
http://geo.ebp.ch/2014/06/05/open-data-rechte-und-pflichten
17. Finances
How should OGD be financed?
Ex. Swisstopo:
Geodata dissemination revenue of 13 MCHF vs. production costs of 250-300
MCHF
Swisstopo’s (FLAG Office; «Führung mit Leistungsauftrag und
Globalbudget») options: compensation, reduction of mandate or of revenue-
to-cost ratio
Threat for taxpayers (preparatory effort for uncertain gains
through OGD)
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 17
http://opendata.ch/files/2012/07/OGD_Studie_Schlussversion.pdf
18. Finances
VGI (e.g. OSM) to the rescue?
various inherent biases in crowdsourced data
OSM provides a service to the public, not ‘service public’ (in the
Swiss sense)
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 18
http://geo.ebp.ch/2014/06/25/operational-use-of-crowdsourced-data-energic-workshop-presentation
http://geo.ebp.ch/2014/09/19/the-data-workers-manifesto
19. Finances
VGI (e.g. OSM) to the rescue?
biases in crowdsourced data
OSM provides a service to the public, not ‘service public’
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 19
http://geo.ebp.ch/2014/06/25/operational-use-of-crowdsourced-data-energic-workshop-presentation
http://geo.ebp.ch/2014/09/19/the-data-workers-manifesto
20. Finances
VGI (e.g. OSM) to the rescue?
various inherent biases in crowdsourced data
OSM provides a service to the public, not ‘service public’ (in the
Swiss sense)
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 20
http://geo.ebp.ch/2014/06/25/operational-use-of-crowdsourced-data-energic-workshop-presentation
http://geo.ebp.ch/2014/09/19/the-data-workers-manifesto
21. «Hacksploitation» and sustainable impact
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 21
http://brianchang.info/2016/02/28/hackathon-be-gone.html
22. «Hacksploitation» and sustainable impact
«Entsorgung Zürich» app (citizen) vs. «Sauberes Zürich» app
(government)
«Trainshare» app (citizen) vs. «SBB-CONNECT» (gov-owned entity)
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 22
http://opendata.ch/pressearchiv/offener-brief-zur-smartphone-app-sauberes-zuerich
http://trainshare.ch
23. Finally
Confusion of terms: What are we talking about even?
In our projects, OGD can make data gathering more efficient
OGD affords newly viable applications and data products
More competition and innovation over rent-seeking
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 23
24. Finally, finally
Lack of legal knowledge: License jungle, license-application conflicts
Know-how transfer, legal consultation
Best practices for data providers/license issuers
Simple, universally adopted geodata licenses
Data debt and liability
Technical solutions
Legal implications?
Open data ethics?
Financing OGD
Political solutions
Hackathons and intellectual property
Prior clarification of intellectual property
Open data ethics and community management
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 24
25. Contact, follow-ups
ITSL Workshop on Open Geodata, 9.3.2016 25
Ralph Straumann
Ernst Basler + Partner
www.ebp.ch
www.geo.ebp.ch
ralph.straumann@ebp.ch @rastrau
Hinweis der Redaktion
We offer complex services and projects based on interdisciplinary experience and profound knowledge.
For each task we assemble the most appropriate project team.
In Switzerland we offer a range of services in 10 business fields.
Ernst Basler + Partner is a leading, internationally active enterprise with key operational bases in Switzerland, Germany, Brazil, Chile and Hong Kong.
Founded in Switzerland in 1981, our company maintains key operational bases in Switzerland and Germany, where we have around 300 employees, and in Brazil, Chile and Hong Kong, where we have around 200 employees. Our key operational base in Brazil incorporates Geoklock, the leading Brazilian company in the area of engineering and environmental planning for 30 years, and Bachema, a provider of environmental laboratory services.
To date, we have been active in more than 60 countries throughout the world. (currently in around 30 countries)