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Classification of microorganisms lecture note by rm patel

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Classification of Microorganisms Prepared by Rajesh M.Patel Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ganpat University. Email:rajmit_120@yahoomail.com
Contents of the chapter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Terminology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Terminology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Terminology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Taxonomy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Taxonomy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Taxonomy / Systematics can be understand by general examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Taxonomy: History ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classification ,[object Object],[object Object]
Classification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Taxonomy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 Domains ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 Domains system
 
Five-Kingdom System of Biological Classification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Five-Kingdom Classification System ( Whittaker)
 
Scientific Nomenclature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Scientific Names Scientific Binomial Source of Genus Name Source of Specific Epithet Klebsiella pneumoniae Honors Edwin Klebs The disease Pfiesteria piscicida Honors Lois Pfiester Disease in fish Salmonella typhimurium Honors Daniel Salmon Stupor ( typh -) in mice ( muri -) Streptococcus pyogenes Chains of cells ( strepto -) Forms pus ( pyo -) Penicillium chrysogenum Tuftlike ( penicill -) Produces a yellow ( chryso -) pigment Trypanosoma cruzi Corkscrew-like ( trypano -, borer; soma -, body) Honors Oswaldo Cruz
Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology First edition published in 1923
Techniques For Determining Microbial Taxonomy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Techniques For Determining Microbial Taxonomy And Phylogeny
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Morphological characteristics
Morphological characteristics
Morphological characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object]
Morphological characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object]
Morphological characteristics
[object Object],[object Object],Physiological and Metabolic Characteristics
Physiological and Metabolic Characteristics
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ecological Characteristics
The Intuitive method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nucleic acid base composition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nucleic acid base composition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure: A DNA Melting Curve. The Tm is indicated
Nucleic Acid Base Composition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nucleic Acid Base Composition ,[object Object]
G+C contents of microorganisms Organism % G + C Actinomyces 59–73 Bacillus 32–62 Clostridium 21–54 Escherichia 48–52 Micrococcus 64–75 Neisseria 47–54 Proteus 38-41 Pseudomonas 58-70 Salmonella 50-53 Staphylococcus 30-38 Aspergillus niger 52
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,[object Object],[object Object]
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DNA Chip technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DNA chip Technology
Nucleic Acid Sequencing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nucleic Acid Sequencing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Numerical Taxonomy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Numerical Taxonomy
Numerical Taxonomy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Numerical Taxonomy Clustering and Dendrograms in Numerical Taxonomy. (a) A small similarity matrix that compares six strains of bacteria. The degree of similarity ranges from none (0.0) to complete similarity (1.0). ( b) The bacteria have been rearranged and joined to form clusters of similar strains. For example, strains 1 and 2 are the most similar. The cluster of 1 plus 2 is fairly similar to strain 3, but not at all to strain 4. ( c) A dendrogram showing the results of the analysis in part b. Strains 1 and 2 are members of a 90-phenon, and strains 1–3 form an 80-phenon. While strains 1–3 may be members of a single species, it is quite unlikely that strains 4–6 belong to the same species as 1–3.
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Classification of microorganisms lecture note by rm patel

  • 1. Classification of Microorganisms Prepared by Rajesh M.Patel Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ganpat University. Email:rajmit_120@yahoomail.com
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 15.  
  • 16.
  • 18.  
  • 19.
  • 20. Scientific Names Scientific Binomial Source of Genus Name Source of Specific Epithet Klebsiella pneumoniae Honors Edwin Klebs The disease Pfiesteria piscicida Honors Lois Pfiester Disease in fish Salmonella typhimurium Honors Daniel Salmon Stupor ( typh -) in mice ( muri -) Streptococcus pyogenes Chains of cells ( strepto -) Forms pus ( pyo -) Penicillium chrysogenum Tuftlike ( penicill -) Produces a yellow ( chryso -) pigment Trypanosoma cruzi Corkscrew-like ( trypano -, borer; soma -, body) Honors Oswaldo Cruz
  • 21. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology First edition published in 1923
  • 22.
  • 23. Techniques For Determining Microbial Taxonomy And Phylogeny
  • 24.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 29.
  • 30. Physiological and Metabolic Characteristics
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. G+C contents of microorganisms Organism % G + C Actinomyces 59–73 Bacillus 32–62 Clostridium 21–54 Escherichia 48–52 Micrococcus 64–75 Neisseria 47–54 Proteus 38-41 Pseudomonas 58-70 Salmonella 50-53 Staphylococcus 30-38 Aspergillus niger 52
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 48.
  • 49. Numerical Taxonomy Clustering and Dendrograms in Numerical Taxonomy. (a) A small similarity matrix that compares six strains of bacteria. The degree of similarity ranges from none (0.0) to complete similarity (1.0). ( b) The bacteria have been rearranged and joined to form clusters of similar strains. For example, strains 1 and 2 are the most similar. The cluster of 1 plus 2 is fairly similar to strain 3, but not at all to strain 4. ( c) A dendrogram showing the results of the analysis in part b. Strains 1 and 2 are members of a 90-phenon, and strains 1–3 form an 80-phenon. While strains 1–3 may be members of a single species, it is quite unlikely that strains 4–6 belong to the same species as 1–3.