SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 19
Die quot;Flavr Savrquot; Tomate
           &
     Gene-silencing
Flavr Savr

                              • erstes gentechnisch verändertes Gemüse
                              • entwickelt 1988 von Calgene Inc. (USA)
                              • Paradebeispiel zu Sicherheitstests für Genfood
                              • 1994 auf dem Markt
                              • 1997 Produktion eingestellt

        quot;Anti-Matsch Tomatequot; - Reifungsprozeß unterbrochen
Smith CJS et al. (1988) Antisense RNA inhibition of polygalacturonase gene expression in transgenic tomatoes. Nature 334:724-726.
Sheey RE et al. (1988) Reduction of polygalacturonase activity in tomato fruit by antisense RNA. PNAS 85: 8805-8809.
Wieso Flav(ou)r Sav(ou)r Tomaten?
                     Flavr Savr   Normale


                                              Markt (1993)
  längere Reifung                           8 Mt (verarbeitet)
         =                                   0,5 Mt (frisch)
besserer Geschmack
                                            4 Milliarden US$/J
...reife Tomaten
Ethylen   Polygalacturonase     Abbau von Pektin
Polygalacturonase inaktivieren
Polygalacturonase (PG)
      (Tomate)



      PG mRNA



Anti-Sense RNA




• Abbau der PG mRNA
• PG-level = 6%

                                 A. tumefaciens - Binärer Vektor
Umfangreiche Sicherheitstests
1.) FDA (Food & Drug Administration): Kan-Resistenz ist unbedenklich




2.) Inhaltsstoffe unverändert
• Vitamine
• Proteine
• Mineralstoffe
• Toxine
  (Solanin, Tomatin)
Warum so wenig erfolgreich?

     Business-Träumereien            wissenschaftliche Realität

           • nicht schadensfrei transportfähig (unrentabel)

           • Tomatensorte hat: wenig Geschmack
                               geringen Ertrag
                               geringe Resistenz

           • Anti-GM-Food Proteste

1995-1997: Calgene von Monsanto (USA) aufgekauft
           Anti-Sense Konstrukt in höherwertige Sorten einbringen
GM-Tomaten in Großbrittannien
Zeneca (Syngenta): Tomaten mit verzögerter Reifung

    • Tomatenpüree mit hoher Viskosität
      (kein Erhitzen nötig)
    • eindeutig gelabelt
    • sehr populär (60% Marktanteil)
    • 1996-1999 am Markt
60 Tage
                Alternative Ansätze

                Ethylen-Synthese blockieren

                         Methionin
 Antisense
 ACC-Synthase
 78 Tage                                     quot;Co-Suppressionquot;
               S-Adenosyl-Methionin            quot;Antisensequot;
                            ACC-Synthase
     1-Amino-Cyclopropan-1-Carboxylsäure (ACC)
 Antisense
 ACC-Synthase
 78 Tage
 (+ Ethylen)
                          Ethylen


DNA Plant Technology Corp. (USA) - quot;Endless Summerquot; (1995)
Der Mechanismus hinter Flavr Savr:
           quot;Silencingquot;

• Produktion von Anti-Sense RNA


             • Sense-mRNA in der Zelle abgebaut



• Expression von Transgenen in Pflanzen
  (starke, konstitutive Promotoren)

             • keine Expression des Transgens
                                                  1990
             • endogenes Gen supprimiert
Gene-Silencing
Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)
                                             Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS)
         (Co-suppression; RNAi)




                                                                             1994
Produktion von dsRNA (1998)



• Transkription durch IR




• gegenläufige Transkription
  (sense-antisense)




• RNA-abhängige
  RNA-Polymerase (cRNA)
Welche Faktoren/Signale sind involviert?




                                 1


         3                             4
                                 2
     quot;Dicerquot;: RNaseIII
Wozu Gene-silencing?

                                   TGS
Inaktivierung von Retroviren, Retrotransposons und DNA-Transposons

             • Methylierung: Transkriptionelle Inaktivierung



                                 PTGS
                    Abwehr von Pflanzenviren

           • 90% ssRNA-Viren
           • dsRNA bei Replikation
           • Abbau des Templates für Replikation & Translation
           • Systemisches Signal
Transport viraler RNA durch Plasmodesmata
Virale Suppressoren des Silencing

• HC-Pro (helper component-proteinase)
     Tobacco etch potyvirus quot;maintenancequot; supprimiert
                                - keine 25 nt dsRNA produziert
                                - Methylierung geht z.T. verloren
                                - Reaktivierung von gesilencten Genen

• 2b Protein
      Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)         quot;Initiationquot; supprimiert




• p25 Protein
    Potato virus X (PVX)        quot;systemisches Signalquot; supprimiert
                                - 3 Movement-Proteine: p8, p12, p25
Wie quot;silencequot; ich ein Gen?

                       dsRNA
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
       • sense & antisense, >300 bp
       • splicebares Intron zwischen sense & antisense

       • Vorraussetzung: transformierbare Pflanze



VIGS (Virus-induced gene silencing)
       • Potato virus X (PVX), Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)

       • Vorraussetzung: Wirtsspezifität
Methodische Ansätze zum Gene-Silencing

• Expression von Transgenen   - Induzierbare Expression
                              - Verwendung von Suppressoren


• Gezielte Suppression von Genen   - quot;knock-outquot;-Phänotyp
                                   - Virus-Resistenz
nächste Woche:
quot;Advanced Backcross Breedingquot;

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Genetic engineering and development of transgenic plants
Genetic engineering and development of transgenic plantsGenetic engineering and development of transgenic plants
Genetic engineering and development of transgenic plantsNisha Nepoleon
 
Production of therapeutic proteins in plants
Production of therapeutic proteins in plantsProduction of therapeutic proteins in plants
Production of therapeutic proteins in plantsUjala Ejaz
 
Virus resistant transgenic plants
Virus resistant transgenic plantsVirus resistant transgenic plants
Virus resistant transgenic plantsJasleen Rajpal
 
Agrobacterium mediated transformation
Agrobacterium mediated transformationAgrobacterium mediated transformation
Agrobacterium mediated transformationDeepika Rana
 
analysis of transgenic plants
analysis of transgenic plantsanalysis of transgenic plants
analysis of transgenic plantsLikhith R K
 
Transgenic plant
Transgenic plantTransgenic plant
Transgenic plantsatya patra
 
17 agrobacterium tumefaciens
17 agrobacterium tumefaciens17 agrobacterium tumefaciens
17 agrobacterium tumefaciensMerlyn Denesia
 
Marker free transgenic strategy
Marker free transgenic strategyMarker free transgenic strategy
Marker free transgenic strategyBiswajit Sahoo
 
Genetically modified foods
Genetically modified foodsGenetically modified foods
Genetically modified foods14nieman
 
GOLDEN RICE; The genetically modified crop in India
GOLDEN RICE; The genetically modified crop in IndiaGOLDEN RICE; The genetically modified crop in India
GOLDEN RICE; The genetically modified crop in IndiaNEHA MISHRA
 
insect resistance plant, bt gene
insect resistance plant, bt geneinsect resistance plant, bt gene
insect resistance plant, bt geneKAUSHAL SAHU
 
Pest and herbicide resistance
Pest and herbicide resistancePest and herbicide resistance
Pest and herbicide resistanceAkumpaul
 
Viral vector gene transfer - plant viruses as a vector for gene transfer
Viral vector gene transfer - plant viruses as a vector for gene transferViral vector gene transfer - plant viruses as a vector for gene transfer
Viral vector gene transfer - plant viruses as a vector for gene transferNithiya Pappuraj
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

TRANSPOSON TAGGING
TRANSPOSON TAGGINGTRANSPOSON TAGGING
TRANSPOSON TAGGING
 
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
 
Genetic engineering and development of transgenic plants
Genetic engineering and development of transgenic plantsGenetic engineering and development of transgenic plants
Genetic engineering and development of transgenic plants
 
Production of therapeutic proteins in plants
Production of therapeutic proteins in plantsProduction of therapeutic proteins in plants
Production of therapeutic proteins in plants
 
Ti Plasmid
Ti Plasmid Ti Plasmid
Ti Plasmid
 
Virus resistant transgenic plants
Virus resistant transgenic plantsVirus resistant transgenic plants
Virus resistant transgenic plants
 
Agrobacterium mediated transformation
Agrobacterium mediated transformationAgrobacterium mediated transformation
Agrobacterium mediated transformation
 
analysis of transgenic plants
analysis of transgenic plantsanalysis of transgenic plants
analysis of transgenic plants
 
Transgenic plant
Transgenic plantTransgenic plant
Transgenic plant
 
Ti plasmid
Ti plasmidTi plasmid
Ti plasmid
 
17 agrobacterium tumefaciens
17 agrobacterium tumefaciens17 agrobacterium tumefaciens
17 agrobacterium tumefaciens
 
Herbicide resistance
Herbicide resistanceHerbicide resistance
Herbicide resistance
 
Bt Corn
Bt CornBt Corn
Bt Corn
 
Marker free transgenic strategy
Marker free transgenic strategyMarker free transgenic strategy
Marker free transgenic strategy
 
Gene transfer in plants
Gene transfer in plantsGene transfer in plants
Gene transfer in plants
 
Genetically modified foods
Genetically modified foodsGenetically modified foods
Genetically modified foods
 
GOLDEN RICE; The genetically modified crop in India
GOLDEN RICE; The genetically modified crop in IndiaGOLDEN RICE; The genetically modified crop in India
GOLDEN RICE; The genetically modified crop in India
 
insect resistance plant, bt gene
insect resistance plant, bt geneinsect resistance plant, bt gene
insect resistance plant, bt gene
 
Pest and herbicide resistance
Pest and herbicide resistancePest and herbicide resistance
Pest and herbicide resistance
 
Viral vector gene transfer - plant viruses as a vector for gene transfer
Viral vector gene transfer - plant viruses as a vector for gene transferViral vector gene transfer - plant viruses as a vector for gene transfer
Viral vector gene transfer - plant viruses as a vector for gene transfer
 

Andere mochten auch

consumer buying behaviour
consumer buying behaviourconsumer buying behaviour
consumer buying behaviourSakthivel R
 
Application Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And Biotechnology
Application Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And BiotechnologyApplication Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And Biotechnology
Application Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And BiotechnologyZohaib HUSSAIN
 
Flavr savr tomato.ppt
Flavr savr tomato.pptFlavr savr tomato.ppt
Flavr savr tomato.pptSakthivel R
 
Applications of genetic engineering techniques in agriculture
Applications of genetic engineering  techniques in agricultureApplications of genetic engineering  techniques in agriculture
Applications of genetic engineering techniques in agricultureB.Devadatha datha
 
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Applications of Genetic Engineering Applications of Genetic Engineering
Applications of Genetic Engineering Thesmi Thomas
 

Andere mochten auch (6)

consumer buying behaviour
consumer buying behaviourconsumer buying behaviour
consumer buying behaviour
 
Transposons
TransposonsTransposons
Transposons
 
Application Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And Biotechnology
Application Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And BiotechnologyApplication Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And Biotechnology
Application Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And Biotechnology
 
Flavr savr tomato.ppt
Flavr savr tomato.pptFlavr savr tomato.ppt
Flavr savr tomato.ppt
 
Applications of genetic engineering techniques in agriculture
Applications of genetic engineering  techniques in agricultureApplications of genetic engineering  techniques in agriculture
Applications of genetic engineering techniques in agriculture
 
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Applications of Genetic Engineering Applications of Genetic Engineering
Applications of Genetic Engineering
 

Mehr von Nuno Correia

Sismologia parte 1
Sismologia   parte 1Sismologia   parte 1
Sismologia parte 1Nuno Correia
 
Geologia - Variações Climáticas
Geologia   - Variações ClimáticasGeologia   - Variações Climáticas
Geologia - Variações ClimáticasNuno Correia
 
Biologia 12 imunidade celular
Biologia 12   imunidade celularBiologia 12   imunidade celular
Biologia 12 imunidade celularNuno Correia
 
Biologia 12 imunidade humoral
Biologia 12   imunidade humoralBiologia 12   imunidade humoral
Biologia 12 imunidade humoralNuno Correia
 
Geologia 12 estratotipo
Geologia 12   estratotipoGeologia 12   estratotipo
Geologia 12 estratotipoNuno Correia
 
Geologia 12 biozonas
Geologia 12   biozonasGeologia 12   biozonas
Geologia 12 biozonasNuno Correia
 
Geologia 12 movimentos horizontais
Geologia 12   movimentos horizontaisGeologia 12   movimentos horizontais
Geologia 12 movimentos horizontaisNuno Correia
 
Geologia 12 isostasia
Geologia 12   isostasiaGeologia 12   isostasia
Geologia 12 isostasiaNuno Correia
 
Geologia 12 paleomagnetismo
Geologia 12   paleomagnetismoGeologia 12   paleomagnetismo
Geologia 12 paleomagnetismoNuno Correia
 
Geologia 12 deriva dos continentes
Geologia 12   deriva dos continentesGeologia 12   deriva dos continentes
Geologia 12 deriva dos continentesNuno Correia
 
Biologia 12 biologia e os desafios da atualidade
Biologia 12   biologia e os desafios da atualidadeBiologia 12   biologia e os desafios da atualidade
Biologia 12 biologia e os desafios da atualidadeNuno Correia
 
Geologia 12 paleoclimas
Geologia 12   paleoclimasGeologia 12   paleoclimas
Geologia 12 paleoclimasNuno Correia
 
Geologia 12 arcos insulares
Geologia 12   arcos insularesGeologia 12   arcos insulares
Geologia 12 arcos insularesNuno Correia
 
Deriva dos continentes
Deriva dos continentesDeriva dos continentes
Deriva dos continentesNuno Correia
 
Genética (monobridismo)
Genética (monobridismo)Genética (monobridismo)
Genética (monobridismo)Nuno Correia
 
Genética (monobridismo exercícios)
Genética (monobridismo   exercícios)Genética (monobridismo   exercícios)
Genética (monobridismo exercícios)Nuno Correia
 
Genética (dominância incompleta)
Genética (dominância incompleta)Genética (dominância incompleta)
Genética (dominância incompleta)Nuno Correia
 
Genética (diibridismo)
Genética (diibridismo)Genética (diibridismo)
Genética (diibridismo)Nuno Correia
 

Mehr von Nuno Correia (20)

Sismologia parte 1
Sismologia   parte 1Sismologia   parte 1
Sismologia parte 1
 
Geologia - Variações Climáticas
Geologia   - Variações ClimáticasGeologia   - Variações Climáticas
Geologia - Variações Climáticas
 
Biologia 12 imunidade celular
Biologia 12   imunidade celularBiologia 12   imunidade celular
Biologia 12 imunidade celular
 
Biologia 12 imunidade humoral
Biologia 12   imunidade humoralBiologia 12   imunidade humoral
Biologia 12 imunidade humoral
 
Geologia 12 estratotipo
Geologia 12   estratotipoGeologia 12   estratotipo
Geologia 12 estratotipo
 
Geologia 12 biozonas
Geologia 12   biozonasGeologia 12   biozonas
Geologia 12 biozonas
 
Geologia 12 movimentos horizontais
Geologia 12   movimentos horizontaisGeologia 12   movimentos horizontais
Geologia 12 movimentos horizontais
 
Geologia 12 isostasia
Geologia 12   isostasiaGeologia 12   isostasia
Geologia 12 isostasia
 
Geologia 12 paleomagnetismo
Geologia 12   paleomagnetismoGeologia 12   paleomagnetismo
Geologia 12 paleomagnetismo
 
Geologia 12 deriva dos continentes
Geologia 12   deriva dos continentesGeologia 12   deriva dos continentes
Geologia 12 deriva dos continentes
 
Biologia 12 biologia e os desafios da atualidade
Biologia 12   biologia e os desafios da atualidadeBiologia 12   biologia e os desafios da atualidade
Biologia 12 biologia e os desafios da atualidade
 
Geologia 12 paleoclimas
Geologia 12   paleoclimasGeologia 12   paleoclimas
Geologia 12 paleoclimas
 
Geologia 12 arcos insulares
Geologia 12   arcos insularesGeologia 12   arcos insulares
Geologia 12 arcos insulares
 
Deriva dos continentes
Deriva dos continentesDeriva dos continentes
Deriva dos continentes
 
Zonas costeiras
Zonas costeirasZonas costeiras
Zonas costeiras
 
Genética
GenéticaGenética
Genética
 
Genética (monobridismo)
Genética (monobridismo)Genética (monobridismo)
Genética (monobridismo)
 
Genética (monobridismo exercícios)
Genética (monobridismo   exercícios)Genética (monobridismo   exercícios)
Genética (monobridismo exercícios)
 
Genética (dominância incompleta)
Genética (dominância incompleta)Genética (dominância incompleta)
Genética (dominância incompleta)
 
Genética (diibridismo)
Genética (diibridismo)Genética (diibridismo)
Genética (diibridismo)
 

Flavr Savr

  • 1. Die quot;Flavr Savrquot; Tomate & Gene-silencing
  • 2. Flavr Savr • erstes gentechnisch verändertes Gemüse • entwickelt 1988 von Calgene Inc. (USA) • Paradebeispiel zu Sicherheitstests für Genfood • 1994 auf dem Markt • 1997 Produktion eingestellt quot;Anti-Matsch Tomatequot; - Reifungsprozeß unterbrochen Smith CJS et al. (1988) Antisense RNA inhibition of polygalacturonase gene expression in transgenic tomatoes. Nature 334:724-726. Sheey RE et al. (1988) Reduction of polygalacturonase activity in tomato fruit by antisense RNA. PNAS 85: 8805-8809.
  • 3. Wieso Flav(ou)r Sav(ou)r Tomaten? Flavr Savr Normale Markt (1993) längere Reifung 8 Mt (verarbeitet) = 0,5 Mt (frisch) besserer Geschmack 4 Milliarden US$/J
  • 4. ...reife Tomaten Ethylen Polygalacturonase Abbau von Pektin
  • 5. Polygalacturonase inaktivieren Polygalacturonase (PG) (Tomate) PG mRNA Anti-Sense RNA • Abbau der PG mRNA • PG-level = 6% A. tumefaciens - Binärer Vektor
  • 6. Umfangreiche Sicherheitstests 1.) FDA (Food & Drug Administration): Kan-Resistenz ist unbedenklich 2.) Inhaltsstoffe unverändert • Vitamine • Proteine • Mineralstoffe • Toxine (Solanin, Tomatin)
  • 7. Warum so wenig erfolgreich? Business-Träumereien wissenschaftliche Realität • nicht schadensfrei transportfähig (unrentabel) • Tomatensorte hat: wenig Geschmack geringen Ertrag geringe Resistenz • Anti-GM-Food Proteste 1995-1997: Calgene von Monsanto (USA) aufgekauft Anti-Sense Konstrukt in höherwertige Sorten einbringen
  • 8. GM-Tomaten in Großbrittannien Zeneca (Syngenta): Tomaten mit verzögerter Reifung • Tomatenpüree mit hoher Viskosität (kein Erhitzen nötig) • eindeutig gelabelt • sehr populär (60% Marktanteil) • 1996-1999 am Markt
  • 9. 60 Tage Alternative Ansätze Ethylen-Synthese blockieren Methionin Antisense ACC-Synthase 78 Tage quot;Co-Suppressionquot; S-Adenosyl-Methionin quot;Antisensequot; ACC-Synthase 1-Amino-Cyclopropan-1-Carboxylsäure (ACC) Antisense ACC-Synthase 78 Tage (+ Ethylen) Ethylen DNA Plant Technology Corp. (USA) - quot;Endless Summerquot; (1995)
  • 10. Der Mechanismus hinter Flavr Savr: quot;Silencingquot; • Produktion von Anti-Sense RNA • Sense-mRNA in der Zelle abgebaut • Expression von Transgenen in Pflanzen (starke, konstitutive Promotoren) • keine Expression des Transgens 1990 • endogenes Gen supprimiert
  • 11. Gene-Silencing Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) (Co-suppression; RNAi) 1994
  • 12. Produktion von dsRNA (1998) • Transkription durch IR • gegenläufige Transkription (sense-antisense) • RNA-abhängige RNA-Polymerase (cRNA)
  • 13. Welche Faktoren/Signale sind involviert? 1 3 4 2 quot;Dicerquot;: RNaseIII
  • 14. Wozu Gene-silencing? TGS Inaktivierung von Retroviren, Retrotransposons und DNA-Transposons • Methylierung: Transkriptionelle Inaktivierung PTGS Abwehr von Pflanzenviren • 90% ssRNA-Viren • dsRNA bei Replikation • Abbau des Templates für Replikation & Translation • Systemisches Signal
  • 15. Transport viraler RNA durch Plasmodesmata
  • 16. Virale Suppressoren des Silencing • HC-Pro (helper component-proteinase) Tobacco etch potyvirus quot;maintenancequot; supprimiert - keine 25 nt dsRNA produziert - Methylierung geht z.T. verloren - Reaktivierung von gesilencten Genen • 2b Protein Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) quot;Initiationquot; supprimiert • p25 Protein Potato virus X (PVX) quot;systemisches Signalquot; supprimiert - 3 Movement-Proteine: p8, p12, p25
  • 17. Wie quot;silencequot; ich ein Gen? dsRNA Agrobacterium tumefaciens • sense & antisense, >300 bp • splicebares Intron zwischen sense & antisense • Vorraussetzung: transformierbare Pflanze VIGS (Virus-induced gene silencing) • Potato virus X (PVX), Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) • Vorraussetzung: Wirtsspezifität
  • 18. Methodische Ansätze zum Gene-Silencing • Expression von Transgenen - Induzierbare Expression - Verwendung von Suppressoren • Gezielte Suppression von Genen - quot;knock-outquot;-Phänotyp - Virus-Resistenz