1.  ZIRABA ABDALLAH NDIFUNA
 BA EDUC,MED ICT (MUK)
 EMAIL:aziraba@educ.mak.ac.ug OR
ziraba2005@yahoo.com
 CONTACT: +256700129561
+256712889009

3.  In its simplest form ecommerce is the buying and selling
of products and services by businesses and consumers
over the Internet. People use the term "ecommerce" to
describe encrypted payments on the Internet.
 Sometimes these transactions include the real-time
transfer of funds from buyer to seller and sometimes this
is handled manually through an eft-pos terminal once a
secure order is received by the merchant.
 Internet sales are increasing rapidly as consumers take
advantage of lower prices offer by wholesalers retailing
their products. This trend is set to strengthen as web sites
address consumer security and privacy concerns.

4.  E-commerce can provide the following benefits over non-electronic
commerce:
 Reduced costs by reducing labour, reduced paper work, reduced errors in
keying in data, reduce post costs
 Reduced time. Shorter lead times for payment and return on investment
in advertising, faster delivery of product
 Flexibility with efficiency. The ability to handle complex situations,
product ranges and customer profiles without the situation becoming
unmanageable.
 Improve relationships with trading partners. Improved communication
between trading partners leads to enhanced long-term relationships.
 Lock in Customers. The closer you are to your customer and the more you
work with them to change from normal business practices to best
practice e-commerce the harder it is for a competitor to upset your
customer relationship.
 New Markets. The Internet has the potential to expand your business into
wider geographical locations.

5.  The credit card companies are constantly evolving more secure credit
card purchasing on the Internet.
 Often you will be asked to give a three digit verification code on the
reverse of your card. This is to prove you have the card in your hand at
the time you made the purchase.
 Card companies also monitor your card activity to check for suspicious or
out of ordinary purchases. They will contact you to verify it is you
creating the usually break in the purchasing pattern.
 A range of biometric security measure have been proposed for credit
cards. None are in widespread use at this time.
 Smartcards house a chip that has extra data in it about the card holder or
carry an public key.
 To give customers confidence in purchasing on the Internet however
card companies generally stand by customers who have had their card or
card number stolen. This is not exactly the case for merchants though.
The card company will alert the merchant to stolen cards and fraudulent
transaction but do not indemnify the merchant from losses.

6.  Business to Consumer (B2C)
 B2C stands for Business to Consumer as the
name suggests, it is the model taking
businesses and consumers interaction.Online
business sells to individuals. The basic
concept of this model is to sell the product
online to the consumers.

7.  Business to Business (B2B)
 B2B stands for Business to Business. It consists of
largest form of Ecommerce. This model defines that
Buyer and seller are two different entities. It is similar
to manufacturer issuing goods to the retailer or
wholesaler. Dell deals computers and other
associated accessories online but it is does not make
up all those products. So, in govern to deal those
products, first step is to purchases them from unlike
businesses i.e. the producers of those products.
 “It is one of the cost effective way to sell out product
through out the world

8.  Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
 C2C stands for Consumer to Consumer. It
helps the online dealing of goods or services
among people.
 Peer to Peer (P2P)
 Make more research about this one

9.  m-Commerce
 It deals with conducting the transactions with
the help of mobile. The mobile device
consumers can interact each other and can
lead the business. Mobile Commerce involves
the change of ownership or rights to utilize
goods and related services.

10.  Credit card-based: If consumers want to purchase a product or service, they simply send their credit card details
to the service provider involved and the credit card organization will handle this payment like any other.
 Smart cards: These are credit and debit cards and other card products enhanced with microprocessors capable
of holding more information than the traditional magnetic stripe. The chip can store significantly greater
amounts of data, estimated to be 80 times more than a magnetic stripe. Smart cards are basically of two types:
 Relationship based smart credit cards: This is an enhancement of existing card services and/or the addition of
new services that a financial institution delivers to its customers via a chip-based card or other device. These new
services may include access to multiple financial accounts, value-added marketing programs, or other
information cardholders may want to store on their card.
 Electronic Purses: These are wallet-sized smart cards embedded with programmable microchips that store
sums of money for people to use instead of cash for everything from buying food to paying subway fares.
 Digital or electronic cash: Also called e-cash, these terms refer to any of several schemes that allow a person to
pay for goods or services by transmitting a number from one computer to another. The numbers, just like those
on a dollar bill, are issued by a bank and represent specified sums of real money. One of the key features of
digital cash is that it's anonymous and reusable, just like real cash. This is a key difference between e-cash and
credit card transactions over the Internet.
 Electronic checks: Currently being tested by Cybercash, electronic checking systems such as PayNow take
money from users' checking accounts to pay utility and phone bills.
 Electronic wallet: This is a payment scheme, such as Cybercash’s Internet Wallet, that stores your credit card
numbers on your hard drive in an encrypted form. You can then make purchases at Web sites that support that
particular electronic wallet. When you go to a participating online store, you click a Pay button to initiate a credit
card payment via a secure transaction enabled by the electronic wallet company's server. The major browser
vendors have struck deals to include electronic wallet technology in their products.


11.  Ravi Kalakota, Andrew b.Whinston, Frontiers of
Electronic Commerce, Awl International
 1.Bajaj KK and Nag Debjani, From EDI to
Electronic Commerce, TataMcGraw-Hill
 3.Bajaj and Nag, Electronic Commerce: The
cutting edge of Business, Tata Mcgraw-Hill
 4.Greg Holden, Starting An E-commerce
Business For Dummies,2nd edition,IDG books
India
 5.David Kosiur, Understanding Electronic
Commerce, Microsoft Press