Schaefer framing theory and methods overview and open questions

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An Overview over Framing Theories and Methods as they are Used in Communications Sciences. Examples stem from Research on Climate Change Communication, as the presentation was held at the workshop "International Analyses of Climate Change Communication" at the University of Hamburg.

Unterhaltung & Humor Business

@mss7676, mike.schaefer@zmaw.de, www.klimacampus.de/mccc.html
Analysing Framing in Comparative Studies on
Climate Change Communication
Mike S. Schäfer
Dept. of Communications / KlimaCampus, U Hamburg

What is Framing?
Thomas König
Robert Entman

Types of Frames
Formal: e.g. episodic vs. thematic (Iyengar)
Topical: either „generic“ frames (or ‚master frames‘) which are not issue specific (e.g.
consequences, responsibility, conflict, human interest, morality; cf. Semetko &
Valkenburg 2000) or issue specific frames

Types of Frame-Analyses (Matthes 2007)
Qualitative: inductive frame construction, close description, small no. of cases, often
topical and issue specific frames
Manual holistic: a priori frame definition used in standardized content analysis,
sometimes based on qual. pre-study, large(r) samples, broad range of frame types
Manual reductionist: a priori definition of frame elements which are used in
standardized content analysis, statistical (re)construction of frames
Computer-Assisted: „frame mapping“ = identifying frames by searching for specific
word combinations in texts

Frame-Analyses in Studies on CC Communication
Qualitative FA Manual Holistic Manual Reduct. Computer Ass.
Formal Fr.
Topical
Frames:
Generic
Dirikx/Gelders 2010
Painter
Brüggemann/
Engesser
Topical
Frames: Issue
Specific
Olausson 2009 Brüggemann/
Engesser
Brüggemann/
Engesser
Adam et al.
Ivanova
Wessler et al.
Nerlich (?)

Frame-Analyses in Studies on CC Communication

An (Incomprehensive!) List of Questions
• (What) Can we Learn from Another? Can we develop Best Practice Models (at least within
the table‘s cells)?
• Is something missing from the analyses? (e.g. moral evaluation)
• What level of standardization/domestic adaptation did you use, w/ what experience?
• Apart from generic and issue specific frames: Are there country specific frames?
• (How) Can we deal with changing frames over time?
• What do frames stand for in our analyses, why do we analyze them, what do we learn from
them? What does this mean for our analyses?
• What about other kinds of frames: visual framing, emotional framing, …?

@mss7676, mike.schaefer@zmaw.de, www.klimacampus.de/mccc.html
Thanks for your Attention!
mike.schaefer@zmaw.de, @mss7676
www.klimacampus.de/mccc.html

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