An introductory lecture to Virtual Reality. This version of the lecture was presented at an open lecture at Aksaray University in Turkey for computer science and engineering students.

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Introduction to
Virtual Reality
Mikhail Fominykh, PhD
Molde University College, Norway
Volga State University of Technology, Russia
Europlan UK ltd., United Kingdom
Invited lecture at Aksaray University, Turkey | 12.11.2015

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I. The term “Virtual Reality”
II. History
III. Effect
IV. Components
V. Application examples
Outline

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From latin virtuālis, Vir (man) Virtus
(connotations of valor, manliness,
excellence, courage, character, etc.)
The term “Virtual Reality”

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Virtual = almost real
The term “Virtual Reality”

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Movie examples
The term “Virtual Reality”

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I. The term “Virtual Reality”
II. History
III. Effect
IV. Components
V. Application examples
Outline

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View master
1939
Photo from wikipedia

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Head-mounted display
1968

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Aspen
Movie
Map,
1977

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Aspen Movie Map
1977
Star Wars. New hope, 1977

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Aspen Movie Map
1977
Tron, 1982

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History

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Photo from http://www.amazon.com/
History

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1980–1990
o High price
o New competitor – the Internet
History

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1990–2000
o CAVEs
o VRML
History

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VR paper box
2015
Photo © Mikhail FominykhPhoto from http://www.umich.edu/

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2000–>
o Desktop technologies
o Head-mounted displays
o Haptics
o Augmented reality
o Wearables
o Internet of things
o Price
History

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http://secondlife.com

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http://vacademia.com

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Oculus Rift DK1
2013

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Oculus Rift DK1
2013

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VR paper box
2015
Photo from http://www.aliexpress.com/

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Oculus Rift DK1
2013

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Oculus Rift DK1
2013
Photo from http://techcrunch.com/

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I. The term “Virtual Reality”
II. History
III. Effect
IV. Components
V. Application examples
Outline

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Virtual Reality Effect
Senses
Consciousness
Reality
Action

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Virtual Reality Effect
Virtual reality
Senses
Consciousness
Action
Output devices
Input devices
Senses
Consciousness
Reality
Action

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Virtual reality I3
o Imagination
o Interaction
o Immersion
Virtual Reality Effect
Immersion
Interaction Imagination
T. B. Sheridan: Interaction, imagination and immersion some research needs

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Virtual reality is
o Believable
o Interactive
o Computed-generated
o Explorable
o Immersive
Virtual Reality Effect
Inspired by http://www.explainthatstuff.com/virtualreality.html

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o Believable: A user must feel and believe
that he/she is in a virtual reality. Otherwise,
the illusion disappears.
Virtual Reality Effect

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o Interactive: When a user is moving in
virtual reality, the environment is moving
accordingly, it reacts to the actions of
users.
Virtual Reality Effect

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o Computed-generated: Only computer
technologies can generate virtual reality
believable enough and interactive, so
that the users can fall into illusion.
Virtual Reality Effect

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o Explorable: Virtual reality should be
explorable with multiple points of view
opening new perspectives depending on
the actions of users.
Virtual Reality Effect

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o Immersive: Virtual reality should immerse
mind and body, affecting five main senses
and other senses.
Virtual reality should be immersive enough:
more complex technologies do not always
lead to a better effect
Virtual Reality Effect

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o Sight – desktop / stereo / CAVE / HMD
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_virtual_reality
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopy
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_Automatic_Virtual_Env
ironment
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-mounted_display
o Hearing
o Taste
o Smell
o Touch
Virtual Reality senses: Sight

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Desktop Virtual Reality

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Stereoscopy
http://www.xdcam-user.com/alisters-blog/

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Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE)
http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/research/vr/Projects/Cave/

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Head-mounted display (HMD)

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Head-mounted display (HMD)

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o Sight
o Hearing – 3D audio
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_virtual_reality
o Taste
o Smell
o Touch
Virtual Reality senses: Hearing

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http://www.stormaudio.com/en/technologies/3d-audio/spheraudio/
Virtual acoustics and sound

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o Sight
o Hearing
o Taste – virtual taste
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersive_technology
o Smell
o Touch
Virtual Reality senses: Taste

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http://mixedrealitylab.org/projects/all-projects/digital-taste-
interface/
Digital taste interface

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o Sight
o Hearing
o Taste
o Smell – virtual smell
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersive_technology
o Touch
Virtual Reality senses: Smell

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Virtual Cocoon

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http://phys.org/news/2011-04-virtual-reality-scent-human.html
Meta cookie

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o Sight
o Hearing
o Taste
o Smell
o Touch – haptic / force feedback
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology
Virtual Reality senses: Touch

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Haptic glove - touch

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https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/141790329/araig-as-real-
as-it-gets/
Multisensory suit prototype

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Screenshot from http://www.virtuix.com/
Movement interface «Omni»

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I. The term “Virtual Reality”
II. History
III. Effect
IV. Components
V. Application examples
Outline

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o Generated environment
 real-time 3D graphics, sound
o Affect senses
 Input/output devices
o Interaction
 Interfaces and navigation
o Immersion
 Scenario and task
Components: properties

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Components: basics
Output device
Image
generator
Input device
Oculus
PC

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o Keyboard and mouse
o Joysticks and gamepads
o Position sensors
o Orientation sensors
o Force feedback/smart gloves
o Exoskeletons and suits
o Motion capture
o Brain activity sensors
Components: Input devices

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o Video: monitors, projectors, helmets
o Audio: speakers, earphones
o Touch: force feedback gloves, suits
o Smell and taste?
o Additional senses (balance, temperature,
time, etc.)
o Artificial senses
Components: Output devices

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o Real time, >25 frames/s
o Latency < 50 ms (performance, input)
o Large volumes of data (memory)
o 3D graphics, highest quality with given FPS
o High-speed Internet
o Price?
Components: requirements

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I. The term “Virtual Reality”
II. History
III. Effect
IV. Components
V. Application examples
Outline

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Software market 2013 = US$407.3 bln + 4.8%
per year

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Software market 2013 = US$407.3 bln + 4.8%
per year
+80 /
+100%

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Major application areas
o Military / defense
o Medicine / health
o Entertainment / games
o Industry
– Communication / teleconferencing
– Education / training
– Collaborative work
Application
Inspired by http://www.explainthatstuff.com/virtualreality.html

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73. 73 http://mikhailfominykh.com/http://www.cobrasimulation.com/

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http://www.uni-weimar.de/de/medien/professuren/vr/research/display-
systems/c1x6-a-stereoscopic-six-user-display/

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Q&A
mihail.fominyh@gmail.com
http://www.mikhailfominykh.com/
http://slideshare.net/mfominykh/
Mikhail Fominykh, PhD
Molde University College, Norway
Volga State University of Technology, Russia
Europlan UK ltd., United Kingdom