1. The Tourism Industry
DHM
By Ummu Fatihah
1

2. Class Rules
• NO Phones OR music!
• Respect yourself and me
• DON’T talk when I’m talking
– You will lose attendance
• Do NOT be late!
- you will not be allowed into the class
• You MUST sign the register in EVERY class!
• Make notes
- you will be quizzed on topics
• ASK if you don’t understand
- put your hand up to ask a question
2

3. Learning Outcomes
• Knowledge of travel and tourism
industry
• Structure of tourism industry
• Examine role of governments, political
issues and ethics on tourism
• Tourist needs and motivations to travel
• The development of tourism
destinations
• Range of transport and accommodation
available
• Positive and negative impacts of tourism
(economic, environmental, socio-
3
cultural)

4. Organisation Website
Key Note (market information) www.keynote.co.uk
Mintel (media, product, consumer www.mintel.com
information)
World Travel & Tourism Council www.wttc.org
National Statistics Online (official UK www.statistics.gov.uk
statistics)
Tourism Concern www.tourismconcern.co.uk
Visit Britain www.visitbritain.com
4

5. Assessment
• External by CTH
• 2½ hour exam
• Section A (40 marks)
– 10 x 2 mark questions
– 5 x 4 mark questions
• Section B (60 marks)
– 5x 20 mark questions – CHOOSE 3 ONLY!
5

6. Introduction to the Travel and
Tourism Industry
8

7. Chapter Objectives:
•Define tourism and tourist
•Historical growth of tourism
•Types of tourism
•Organizations involved in tourism

8. What is tourism
• "Tourism is the temporary, short-term
movement of people to destination outside the
places where they normally live and work and
their activities during the stay at each
destination. It includes movements for all
purposes.“
Tourism Society of
England, 1976

9. Types of Tourism
United Nation ‘94
• Residents travelling only within their
Domestic tourism country of residence
• Involving non-residents travelling of
Inbound tourism the given country
• Involving residents travelling to
Outbound tourism another country
World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO)
• Domestic tourism and inbound
Internal tourism tourism
• Domestic tourism and outbound
National tourism tourism
• Inbound tourism and outbound
International tourism tourism

10. Exercise 1. Examples of types of
tourism
• Using the previous definitions of the different
types of tourism, give examples of:
– Domestic tourism
– Inbound tourism
– Outbound tourism
12

11. What is tourist?
Travel and stay in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business and
other purposes not related to the exercise of
an activity remunerated within the place
visited.

12. Travel to a country other than
his usual residence at least one
International night but not more than one
year – main purpose to visit
Tourist
Resident in the country and
who travels to a place in the
same county not more than Domestic
one year - main purpose to
visit

13. Exercise 2. The Tourist
• Give examples of when you have been:
A) an international tourist
B) a domestic tourist
15

14. History or Tourism Development
Period Region Travel motivation
3 000 BC Egypt/ Babylonia Business
1 500 BC Egypt Religion/ leisure and pleasure -Pyramids
6 BC Egypt Heritage/culture –Museum of Historic
Antiquities
5 BC Greece Athens –religion –Panthenon/Acropolis
4 BC Athens, Sparta, Troy Guide tours -guidebooks
2 BC Roman Empire Roman infantryment VFR - improved
communications
Middle Ages Europe ‘Haligdeg’ – ‘Holy day’ (holiday) – ‘day of rest’ –
Sunday
16 AD Europe ‘Pilgrimages’ – religion: Centurbury, Santiago De
Compostela, Rome (via Venice)
C17 – 18th AD Europe Culture/education – ‘The Grand Tour’

15. Term used by The purpose of the The most The trip increased
trip, which was
Richard Lessels normally between
popular cities their knowledge of
in his book six months and for these culture and the
‘Voyage in three years was to young ‘eligible arts, and made
Italy’(1670) teach the ‘young bachelors’ them more eligible
men’ about art
was ‘a rite of such as
were: Florence, for marriage on
passage’ ‘Renaissance’ Naples, Paris, their return
artists, antiquities Rome and
and architecture Venice

16. Exercise 3. The History of your country
• Discuss the history of tourism within your
home country in small groups.
– How long ago did tourism begin?
– How important is tourism to your home country?
18

17. Health tourism
‘Any kind of travel to make one’s self or a member
of one’s family healthier’
Mueller and Kaufmann(2001)
•Become more popular form of tourism since the Roman
Empire, when Romans used to gather together in
communal pools to relax
•Bath, England; Baden Baden, Germany; Budapest,
Hungary; Buxton, England; Siena, Italy
•Spa resorts worldwide

18. Exercise 4. Health Tourism
• Give an example of a health tourism
destination in your home country
20

19. Sun, Sea and Sand (3S’s)
Enabling Make travel
Factor possible
Motivating Persuade people to
Factor travel

20. Enabling Factors
• Factors which make travel possible
– Better transport – new transport technology (19th
Century – railway)
– Better communications
– Faster and cheaper travel
– Improvement in accommodation, facilities and
services
22

21. Motivating Factors
• Factors which persuade people to travel
– Building of cities and industry  people feeling
the need to escape from reality to fulfil their
‘intrinsic needs’
23

22. Exercise 5. Reasons for travel
• Why do you go on holiday/travel?
• Write down your reasons for travelling
• Now identify if these reasons are ‘enabling
factors’ or ‘motivating factors’
24

23. Mass Tourism
The
transportation
Enjoy the
of large number
benefits of
of people to
leisure time
places of leisure
interest
Increase in
demand for sun,
Increasing
sea and sand
popular in the
and the arrival
1960s and
of cheap
1970s
package
holidays

24. Other form of Tourism
Medical
Culinary Space
(health)
tourism tourism
tourism
Heritage
Dark Disaster
(cultural)
tourism tourism
tourism

25. Other Types of Description Example
Tourism
Culinary tourism Food and drink Wine tasting in
experiences Australia
Dark tourism Travel to sites •Anne Frank’s
associated with death house, Amsterdam
and suffering •The London
Dungeons, London
Disaster Tourism Travel to sites that New Orleans
have experienced (Hurricane Katrina)
natural disasters
Ecotourism Tourism which Safari, Kenya
benefits the
community, economy
& the environment of
a local area
27

26. Other Types of Description Example
Tourism
Heritage (Cultural) Places, activities •National Maritime
tourism that represent the Museum
stories of people, •University of
past and present Greenwich
Medical (Health) Medical services at India
tourism a particular location
Space tourism Trips taking tourists Virgin Galactic
into space
28

27. Exercise 6. Tourism in your country
• Which of these types of tourism exist in your
home country?
– Culinary, dark, disaster, ecotourism, heritage,
medical, space tourism
• Give examples
29

28. Artificial
Tourism Organizations tourism
attraction
Tour Private Travel
operation Agency
sector
Transport
provider
Private company – any company controlled and
operated by private individuals(and not by civil servant
or government- employees), are very varied in type and
size

29. Exercise 7. List…
Give an example of:
- An artificial (man-made) tourism attraction
- A tour operator
- A transport provider
- A travel agency
They can be from your home country or another
destination
31

30. Public (government) organizations
Providing social
Co-ordination Entrepreneurship
tourism
Marketing and Protector of the
Planning
promotion public interest
Legislation and
Stimulation
regulation

31. Public (government) organisations
• Most countries have a governmental
department for tourism – national, regional,
local level
• Hall (2000) govt has 8 roles:
– Co-ordination – sharing info, communicating with
agencies (public and private)
– Planning – controlling the development of tourism
– Legislation and regulation – employment,
immigration, visa regulations
– Stimulation - ↑tourism supply with incentives (tax
relief, sponsorship, marketing, promotion 33

32. – Marketing and promotion - ↑interest in a
destination – ‘branding’
– Entrepreneurship – the govt own or operate
tourism ventures, or own and manage land
– Providing social tourism – opportunities for under-
privileged communities
– Protector of the Public Interest – act as
‘intermediary’ in case of conflict or competing
interest
34

33. Regulatory bodies
• For maintaining standards within the tourism
industry
1. Public regulatory bodies
2. Supranational regulating bodies
3. National regulatory bodies
35

34. Regulatory tourism organizations
International Civil aviation
Organization(ICAO)
International Air Transport
Association (IATA)
United Federation of Travel
Agents’ Association (UFTAA)
World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO)

35. PUBLIC Regulatory Bodies
Name Abb. Description Website
International ICAO Safety, security, www.icao.int
Civil Aviation environmental protection,
Organisation efficiency, continuity, rule
of law
International IATA Large network of industry www.iata.co.uk
Air Transport suppliers, allows airlines
Association to operate safely,
intermediary between
airlines and passengers,
simplifies air travel
37

36. PUBLIC Regulatory Bodies
Name Abb. Description Website
United UFTAA International forum, www.uftaa.org
Federation of protecting tour
Travel Agents’ operators, agencies
Associations
World Tourism UNWTO Responsible, www.unwto.org
Organisation sustainable, accessible
tourism – developing
countries
38

37. Supranational Regulatory Bodies
• Cover a number of countries (geographical
area)
• “Bodies associated with regional trading
blocs” (Hall, 2008)
– ASEAN – Association of South-East Asian Nations
– NAFTA – North American Free Trade Area
– EU – European Union
• Learn about the EU Package Travel Regulations (1992)
39

38. Exercise 8. Supranational
• Which supranational regulatory body does
your home country come under?
40

39. National Regulatory Bodies
• Regulates and monitors travel and tourism
within a nation
– Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA)
– Air Transport Operators Licence (ATOL)
– Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)
41

40. Exercise 9. National Regulatory Body
• What is the name of your home country’s
tourism governmental organisation?
• What national regulatory bodies exist in your
country?
42

41. What we have covered
• Defining tourism
• Types of tourism
– Mass, 3S’s, Grand Tour, Special Interest Tourism
• Types of tourists
– International, domestic
• History of tourism development
• Tourism organisations
– Private, public, regulatory
43