Suche senden
Hochladen
Realization of high order iir digital bandstop filter using domain transfer algorithm 2.08
•
1 gefällt mir
•
590 views
Subhadeep Chakraborty
Folgen
Digital Filter
Weniger lesen
Mehr lesen
Technologie
Business
Melden
Teilen
Melden
Teilen
1 von 9
Jetzt herunterladen
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Empfohlen
Design and realization of iir digital band stop filter using modified analog ...
Design and realization of iir digital band stop filter using modified analog ...
Subhadeep Chakraborty
Digital filter design using VHDL
Digital filter design using VHDL
Arko Das
Analysis of different FIR Filter Design Method in terms of Resource Utilizati...
Analysis of different FIR Filter Design Method in terms of Resource Utilizati...
ijsrd.com
Basics of Digital Filters
Basics of Digital Filters
op205
“FIELD PROGRAMMABLE DSP ARRAYS” - A NOVEL RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR EFF...
“FIELD PROGRAMMABLE DSP ARRAYS” - A NOVEL RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR EFF...
sipij
1749 1756
1749 1756
Editor IJARCET
RISC Implementation Of Digital IIR Filter in DSP
RISC Implementation Of Digital IIR Filter in DSP
iosrjce
DSP 07 _ Sheet Seven
DSP 07 _ Sheet Seven
Amr E. Mohamed
Empfohlen
Design and realization of iir digital band stop filter using modified analog ...
Design and realization of iir digital band stop filter using modified analog ...
Subhadeep Chakraborty
Digital filter design using VHDL
Digital filter design using VHDL
Arko Das
Analysis of different FIR Filter Design Method in terms of Resource Utilizati...
Analysis of different FIR Filter Design Method in terms of Resource Utilizati...
ijsrd.com
Basics of Digital Filters
Basics of Digital Filters
op205
“FIELD PROGRAMMABLE DSP ARRAYS” - A NOVEL RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR EFF...
“FIELD PROGRAMMABLE DSP ARRAYS” - A NOVEL RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR EFF...
sipij
1749 1756
1749 1756
Editor IJARCET
RISC Implementation Of Digital IIR Filter in DSP
RISC Implementation Of Digital IIR Filter in DSP
iosrjce
DSP 07 _ Sheet Seven
DSP 07 _ Sheet Seven
Amr E. Mohamed
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
ABHISHEK DABRAL
FPGA Implementation of Optimized CIC Filter for Sample Rate Conversion in Sof...
FPGA Implementation of Optimized CIC Filter for Sample Rate Conversion in Sof...
idescitation
Determination of optimum coefficients of iir digital butterworth band stop fi...
Determination of optimum coefficients of iir digital butterworth band stop fi...
Subhadeep Chakraborty
Ga3510571061
Ga3510571061
IJERA Editor
FOLDED ARCHITECTURE FOR NON CANONICAL LEAST MEAN SQUARE ADAPTIVE DIGITAL FILT...
FOLDED ARCHITECTURE FOR NON CANONICAL LEAST MEAN SQUARE ADAPTIVE DIGITAL FILT...
VLSICS Design
FILTER BANKS
FILTER BANKS
Sanjana Prasad
Dct and adaptive filters
Dct and adaptive filters
GIET,Bhubaneswar
First order sigma delta modulator with low-power
First order sigma delta modulator with low-power
eSAT Publishing House
Analysis of Phase Noise and Gaussian Noise in terms of Average BER for DP 16-...
Analysis of Phase Noise and Gaussian Noise in terms of Average BER for DP 16-...
IRJET Journal
The application wavelet transform algorithm in testing adc effective number o...
The application wavelet transform algorithm in testing adc effective number o...
ijcsit
SigmaDeltaADC
SigmaDeltaADC
Satish Patil
Simulation and hardware implementation of Adaptive algorithms on tms320 c6713...
Simulation and hardware implementation of Adaptive algorithms on tms320 c6713...
Raj Kumar Thenua
F0213137
F0213137
IOSR Journals
Digital communication
Digital communication
Akshay Joshi
Uic Montone Thesis
Uic Montone Thesis
Marco Santambrogio
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
IJERD Editor
UIC Thesis Montone
UIC Thesis Montone
Marco Santambrogio
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Butterworth, Chebyshev-I Filters for Digi...
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Butterworth, Chebyshev-I Filters for Digi...
IRJET Journal
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...
IJERD Editor
Design of Area Efficient Digital FIR Filter using MAC
Design of Area Efficient Digital FIR Filter using MAC
IRJET Journal
Design of iir digital highpass butterworth filter using analog to digital map...
Design of iir digital highpass butterworth filter using analog to digital map...
Subhadeep Chakraborty
Performance analysis of iir digital band stop filter
Performance analysis of iir digital band stop filter
Subhadeep Chakraborty
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Was ist angesagt?
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
ABHISHEK DABRAL
FPGA Implementation of Optimized CIC Filter for Sample Rate Conversion in Sof...
FPGA Implementation of Optimized CIC Filter for Sample Rate Conversion in Sof...
idescitation
Determination of optimum coefficients of iir digital butterworth band stop fi...
Determination of optimum coefficients of iir digital butterworth band stop fi...
Subhadeep Chakraborty
Ga3510571061
Ga3510571061
IJERA Editor
FOLDED ARCHITECTURE FOR NON CANONICAL LEAST MEAN SQUARE ADAPTIVE DIGITAL FILT...
FOLDED ARCHITECTURE FOR NON CANONICAL LEAST MEAN SQUARE ADAPTIVE DIGITAL FILT...
VLSICS Design
FILTER BANKS
FILTER BANKS
Sanjana Prasad
Dct and adaptive filters
Dct and adaptive filters
GIET,Bhubaneswar
First order sigma delta modulator with low-power
First order sigma delta modulator with low-power
eSAT Publishing House
Analysis of Phase Noise and Gaussian Noise in terms of Average BER for DP 16-...
Analysis of Phase Noise and Gaussian Noise in terms of Average BER for DP 16-...
IRJET Journal
The application wavelet transform algorithm in testing adc effective number o...
The application wavelet transform algorithm in testing adc effective number o...
ijcsit
SigmaDeltaADC
SigmaDeltaADC
Satish Patil
Simulation and hardware implementation of Adaptive algorithms on tms320 c6713...
Simulation and hardware implementation of Adaptive algorithms on tms320 c6713...
Raj Kumar Thenua
F0213137
F0213137
IOSR Journals
Digital communication
Digital communication
Akshay Joshi
Uic Montone Thesis
Uic Montone Thesis
Marco Santambrogio
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
IJERD Editor
UIC Thesis Montone
UIC Thesis Montone
Marco Santambrogio
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Butterworth, Chebyshev-I Filters for Digi...
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Butterworth, Chebyshev-I Filters for Digi...
IRJET Journal
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...
IJERD Editor
Design of Area Efficient Digital FIR Filter using MAC
Design of Area Efficient Digital FIR Filter using MAC
IRJET Journal
Was ist angesagt?
(20)
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
FPGA Implementation of Optimized CIC Filter for Sample Rate Conversion in Sof...
FPGA Implementation of Optimized CIC Filter for Sample Rate Conversion in Sof...
Determination of optimum coefficients of iir digital butterworth band stop fi...
Determination of optimum coefficients of iir digital butterworth band stop fi...
Ga3510571061
Ga3510571061
FOLDED ARCHITECTURE FOR NON CANONICAL LEAST MEAN SQUARE ADAPTIVE DIGITAL FILT...
FOLDED ARCHITECTURE FOR NON CANONICAL LEAST MEAN SQUARE ADAPTIVE DIGITAL FILT...
FILTER BANKS
FILTER BANKS
Dct and adaptive filters
Dct and adaptive filters
First order sigma delta modulator with low-power
First order sigma delta modulator with low-power
Analysis of Phase Noise and Gaussian Noise in terms of Average BER for DP 16-...
Analysis of Phase Noise and Gaussian Noise in terms of Average BER for DP 16-...
The application wavelet transform algorithm in testing adc effective number o...
The application wavelet transform algorithm in testing adc effective number o...
SigmaDeltaADC
SigmaDeltaADC
Simulation and hardware implementation of Adaptive algorithms on tms320 c6713...
Simulation and hardware implementation of Adaptive algorithms on tms320 c6713...
F0213137
F0213137
Digital communication
Digital communication
Uic Montone Thesis
Uic Montone Thesis
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
UIC Thesis Montone
UIC Thesis Montone
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Butterworth, Chebyshev-I Filters for Digi...
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Butterworth, Chebyshev-I Filters for Digi...
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...
Design of Area Efficient Digital FIR Filter using MAC
Design of Area Efficient Digital FIR Filter using MAC
Ähnlich wie Realization of high order iir digital bandstop filter using domain transfer algorithm 2.08
Design of iir digital highpass butterworth filter using analog to digital map...
Design of iir digital highpass butterworth filter using analog to digital map...
Subhadeep Chakraborty
Performance analysis of iir digital band stop filter
Performance analysis of iir digital band stop filter
Subhadeep Chakraborty
1749 1756
1749 1756
Editor IJARCET
Design and determination of optimum coefficients of iir digital highpass filt...
Design and determination of optimum coefficients of iir digital highpass filt...
Subhadeep Chakraborty
FPGA Implementation of FIR Filter using Various Algorithms: A Retrospective
FPGA Implementation of FIR Filter using Various Algorithms: A Retrospective
IJORCS
DSP_2018_FOEHU - Lec 05 - Digital Filters
DSP_2018_FOEHU - Lec 05 - Digital Filters
Amr E. Mohamed
FPGA Implementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power consumption stru...
FPGA Implementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power consumption stru...
International Journal of Engineering Inventions www.ijeijournal.com
FPGA Based Design of 32 Tap Band Pass FIR Filter Using Multiplier- Less Techn...
FPGA Based Design of 32 Tap Band Pass FIR Filter Using Multiplier- Less Techn...
IRJET Journal
DSP_FOEHU - Lec 07 - Digital Filters
DSP_FOEHU - Lec 07 - Digital Filters
Amr E. Mohamed
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
VLSICS Design
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
VLSICS Design
Design And Implementation of Combined Pipelining and Parallel Processing Arch...
Design And Implementation of Combined Pipelining and Parallel Processing Arch...
VLSICS Design
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
VLSICS Design
FILTER DESIGN
FILTER DESIGN
naimish12
Design of Low Power Reconfigurable IIR filter with Row Bypassing Multiplier
Design of Low Power Reconfigurable IIR filter with Row Bypassing Multiplier
IRJET Journal
Performance Analysis and Simulation of Decimator for Multirate Applications
Performance Analysis and Simulation of Decimator for Multirate Applications
IJEEE
Efficient FPGA implementation of high speed digital delay for wideband beamfor...
Efficient FPGA implementation of high speed digital delay for wideband beamfor...
journalBEEI
Digital Implementation of Costas Loop with Carrier Recovery
Digital Implementation of Costas Loop with Carrier Recovery
IJERD Editor
A prototyping of software defined radio using qpsk modulation
A prototyping of software defined radio using qpsk modulation
IAEME Publication
Memory Based Hardware Efficient Implementation of FIR Filters
Memory Based Hardware Efficient Implementation of FIR Filters
Dr.SHANTHI K.G
Ähnlich wie Realization of high order iir digital bandstop filter using domain transfer algorithm 2.08
(20)
Design of iir digital highpass butterworth filter using analog to digital map...
Design of iir digital highpass butterworth filter using analog to digital map...
Performance analysis of iir digital band stop filter
Performance analysis of iir digital band stop filter
1749 1756
1749 1756
Design and determination of optimum coefficients of iir digital highpass filt...
Design and determination of optimum coefficients of iir digital highpass filt...
FPGA Implementation of FIR Filter using Various Algorithms: A Retrospective
FPGA Implementation of FIR Filter using Various Algorithms: A Retrospective
DSP_2018_FOEHU - Lec 05 - Digital Filters
DSP_2018_FOEHU - Lec 05 - Digital Filters
FPGA Implementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power consumption stru...
FPGA Implementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power consumption stru...
FPGA Based Design of 32 Tap Band Pass FIR Filter Using Multiplier- Less Techn...
FPGA Based Design of 32 Tap Band Pass FIR Filter Using Multiplier- Less Techn...
DSP_FOEHU - Lec 07 - Digital Filters
DSP_FOEHU - Lec 07 - Digital Filters
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
Design And Implementation of Combined Pipelining and Parallel Processing Arch...
Design And Implementation of Combined Pipelining and Parallel Processing Arch...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMBINED PIPELINING AND PARALLEL PROCESSING ARCH...
FILTER DESIGN
FILTER DESIGN
Design of Low Power Reconfigurable IIR filter with Row Bypassing Multiplier
Design of Low Power Reconfigurable IIR filter with Row Bypassing Multiplier
Performance Analysis and Simulation of Decimator for Multirate Applications
Performance Analysis and Simulation of Decimator for Multirate Applications
Efficient FPGA implementation of high speed digital delay for wideband beamfor...
Efficient FPGA implementation of high speed digital delay for wideband beamfor...
Digital Implementation of Costas Loop with Carrier Recovery
Digital Implementation of Costas Loop with Carrier Recovery
A prototyping of software defined radio using qpsk modulation
A prototyping of software defined radio using qpsk modulation
Memory Based Hardware Efficient Implementation of FIR Filters
Memory Based Hardware Efficient Implementation of FIR Filters
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Principled Technologies
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
apidays
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
debabhi2
Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...
Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...
DianaGray10
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
Product Anonymous
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
Safe Software
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
jfdjdjcjdnsjd
Advantages of Hiring UIUX Design Service Providers for Your Business
Advantages of Hiring UIUX Design Service Providers for Your Business
Pixlogix Infotech
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
apidays
Tech Trends Report 2024 Future Today Institute.pdf
Tech Trends Report 2024 Future Today Institute.pdf
hans926745
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
Igalia
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
The Digital Insurer
HTML Injection Attacks: Impact and Mitigation Strategies
HTML Injection Attacks: Impact and Mitigation Strategies
Boston Institute of Analytics
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
ThousandEyes
Developing An App To Navigate The Roads of Brazil
Developing An App To Navigate The Roads of Brazil
V3cube
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
lior mazor
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
?#DUbAI#??##{{(☎️+971_581248768%)**%*]'#abortion pills for sale in dubai@
What Are The Drone Anti-jamming Systems Technology?
What Are The Drone Anti-jamming Systems Technology?
Antenna Manufacturer Coco
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
ThousandEyes
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
The Digital Insurer
Kürzlich hochgeladen
(20)
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...
Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
Advantages of Hiring UIUX Design Service Providers for Your Business
Advantages of Hiring UIUX Design Service Providers for Your Business
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
Tech Trends Report 2024 Future Today Institute.pdf
Tech Trends Report 2024 Future Today Institute.pdf
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
HTML Injection Attacks: Impact and Mitigation Strategies
HTML Injection Attacks: Impact and Mitigation Strategies
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
Developing An App To Navigate The Roads of Brazil
Developing An App To Navigate The Roads of Brazil
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
What Are The Drone Anti-jamming Systems Technology?
What Are The Drone Anti-jamming Systems Technology?
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Realization of high order iir digital bandstop filter using domain transfer algorithm 2.08
1.
Volume 3, Issue
4, April 2013 ISSN: 2277 128X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com Realization of High Order IIR Digital Bandstop Filter Using Domain Transfer Algorithm Subhadeep Chakraborty Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering West Bengal University of Technology, India. Abstract— Filter is one of the most important device to perform the filtering operation for reduction of unwanted components from the actual signal. Bandstop filter is one of the important filter in Signal Processing. In Digital Signal Processing, there are mainly two type of filters, one is Infinite Impulse Response(IIR) Filter and another is the Finite Impulse Response(FIR) Filte. The first one is of recursive type meaning that the present output depends upon the past input, past outputs and the present input but the FIR filter is of nonrecursive type. Domain Transfer Algorithm (DTA) is applied to the predesigned analog filter to design its equivalent digital filter with less error and with increased computational speed. The Magnitude response shows the accuracy and the Pole-Zero plot shows the stability of the filter. Keywords— Bandstop filter, Domain Transfer Algorithm,coefficient,realization,digital filter,high order filter I. INTRODUCTION Digital signal processing(DSP) deals with only the digital filter. The digital filter cannot be achieved or design directly. The digital filter can be designed from a predesigned analog filter with the application of domain transfer technique. The transfer function of the analog filter can be calculated in analog domain or s-domain on s-plane only. The Domain Transfer Algorithme (DTA) converts or maps the transfer function from s-domain to digital domain or zdomain[1][2][3]. Only after this operation, the Digital filter can be designed. The digital filter can performs its operation of filtration of signal in time domain. There are various types of filter available fot the filtering operation. Bandstop filter is one of the category that eliminates the undesired frequency band. The Notch filter is a variation of Bandstop filter that is capable of eliminating a single frequency[4][6][9]. The analog filter can be designed from active or passive elements. Depending upon the designing elements, the analog filter can be categorized into two types, one is the active filter that is designed with the active elements such as the voltage source or current source and the other is the passive filter that is designed with the passive elements such as the resistor, capacitor and inductors[4][5][6][9][9][10]. In practical use, the IIR filter is designed with the OpAmp as it can show the recursive effect which is essential for the IIR filter. A number os methods are available to convert the domain from analog to digital for successful design of a digital filter, such as the Analog to Digital Mapping Technique, Modified Analog to Digital Mapping Technique, Bilinear Transform etc[18][26][27][31]. The Domain transfer technique requires less time to transfer the domain successfully and efficiently. The digital filter have several advantages and features like its small physical size, sensitivity, high accuracy, drift[1][2][3][12][9][10][11][12]. In this paper, a new algorithm, DTA is proposed to reduce the computational time and successful design of the High order Digital Filter. II. ANALOG FILTER DESIGN The analog filter can be designed from active components as well as the passive componets also. The corresponding design of the Active filter and the passive filter are shown below. A. Passive Filter The passive filter is designed by using the resistance, capacitor and inductor. If the passive filter is designed with only inductor and capacitor, it is called LC-Filter and if the design involves the resistor and capacitor, it is called RC-Filter. The design of LC-Filter and the RC-Filter are shown below[12][28][29]. Fig.1 T-section LC Bandstop Filter © 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page | 790
2.
Chakraborty et al.,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engg. 3(4), April - 2013, pp. 790-798 Fig.2 T-section RC Bandstop filter The rejected frequency band can be determined by the proper selection of the value of R, L and C. Now, the transfer function of the above mentioned filters are in analog domain. The introduction of the analog to digital mapping technique maps the transfer function from analog domain or s-domain to digital domain or z-domain [2][7][12][27][31]. B. Active Filter Active filter is designed with the active elements alogn with the required passive elements. The OpAmp chip is required to design the IIR filter because of its recursive effect. The active IIR bandstop filter is shown in the following figure. Fig.3 Active IIR Band stop filter III. ANALOG TO DIGITAL MAPPING ANALOG TO DIGITAL MAPPING IS VERY ESSENTIAL FOR THE DESIGN OF A DIGITAL FILTER. THIS IS ESSSENTIALLY REQUIRED FOR THE CALCULATION OF THE TRANSFER FUNCTION OF THE DIGITAL FILTER IN Z-PLANE[2][7][12][18][21][31]. A. Transfer function in digital plane The transfer function of an analof filter in s-plane can be mapped into z-plane with the application of bilinear transform. Bilinear transform operates on the analog plane to convert it to z-plane using the following equation[12][27], z 1 s 1 s ...........(1) 1 ( j ) 1 ( j ) ............(2) where, s = complex variable = s j Now, putting the value of s into equation (1), we get, z (1 ) j z (1 ) j © 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page | 791
3.
Chakraborty et al.,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engg. 3(4), April - 2013, pp. 790-798 (1 )2 2 (1 ) 2 2 z2 ............(3) The transfer function of an IIR Digital filter can be described by the following equation[1][2][4][7][10][14][27][31], M H (z ) b (n )z n n 0 N 1 a (n )z .............(4) n n 1 B (z ) A(z ) b (0) b (1)z 1 b (2)z 2 ....... b (M )z M H (z ) 1 a (1)z 1 a (2)z 2 .............. a (N )z N H (z ) .............(5) Where, H(z) = Transfer function and Z-transform of impulse response h(n) b(n) = Numerator coefficient a(n) = Denominator coefficient Now, for a realizable filter, h(n) and H(z) can be described by[4][5][12][19][27][28][29], for n 0 h(n) = 0 |h (n )| n 0 H (z ) ..............(6) ..............(7) h (n )z n n .............(8) Equation (7) shows the satisfactory condition for a stable filter. Now, it is necessary to determine the transfer function of a digital filter i.e. of z-domain from the transfer function of s-domain. Next subsection shows the necessary derivation of the transfer function in z-domain. B. Determination of Transfer Function in z-plane Let we take the impulse response of a realizable filter in time domain is h(t). If the Laplace Transform is applied on h(t), the transfer function in s-plane can be achieved[3][17][20][27][31] by, H ( s ) L{h(t )} h(t ).e st dt 0 ………(9) Now, for continuous time signal, the t of h(t) can be replaced by nT, that is, h(t) = h(nT) ..……(10) Where, T=Sampling time If, T=1, then equation (10) becomes, h(t) = h(n) .…….(11) Now, h(n) is the impulse response in z-plane. So, in this process, the impulse response of z-plane can be obtained from the impulse response in s-plane. If the Z-Transform is applied on h(n), the transfer function in z-plane can be obtained[2][3][5][7][12][15]. H ( z ) Z {h(n)} h(n)z n n …….…(12) IV. DOMAIN TRANSFER ALGORITHM This algorithm maps the transfer function from s-plane to z-plane efficiently. This is also a time consuming algorithm that perform faster with accuracy in the mapping operation. The algorithm is described below. © 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page | 792
4.
Chakraborty et al.,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engg. 3(4), April - 2013, pp. 790-798 Start Specify the values of components Design the Analog filter Obtain the transfer function in s-plane Obtain coefficients in s-plane Obtain relationship between two domain (Eg. in between s-plane and z-plane) Set suitable cutoff, passband and stopband frequency Recheck Yes Apply Bilinear Transform z 1 s 1 s Re-Specify Any error ? Apply analog to digital conversion or mapping No Obtain transfer function in z-plane Calculate filter coefficient Re-realize Analysis of digital filter Re-Calculate Realize filter structure Implementation of digital filter Stop Fig.4 Domain Transfer Algorithm (DTA) So, by applying the DTA, the preferred IIR Digital filter can be constructed. The stability of the generated digital filter can be found its pole-zero plot. V. REALIZATION OF IIR DIGITAL BANDSTOP FILTER IIR filter can be realized in various as there are varoius methods are available for the realization. The methods are listed below[12][14][21][22][25][27], 1. Direct form - I realization © 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page | 793
5.
Chakraborty et al.,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engg. 3(4), April - 2013, pp. 790-798 2. Direct form - II realization 3. Transposed direct form realization 4. Cascade form realization 5. Parallel form realization 6. Lattice-Ladder structure realization Let we consider the filter to be an Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) recursive system where x(n) is the input sequence and y(n) is the output sequence and can be described by difference equation[18][19][23][24][27], N M k 1 k 0 y (n) ak y (n k ) bk x(n k ) …....(13) Taking Z-Transform at both sides, we get, N M k 1 k 0 Z{ y (n)} Z{ ak y(n k )} Z{ bk x(n k )} …… (14) Arranging both sides we get, M H ( z) Y ( z) X ( z) b k 0 N k z k … 1 ak z k k 0 …..(15) Let, H ( z) Y ( z) Y ( z) W ( z) X ( z) W ( z) X ( z) …….(16) Where, W ( z) 1 N 1 ak z k k 0 . .……..(17) Rearranging equation (17), we obtain that, W ( z ) X ( z ) a1 z 1W ( z ) a2 z 2W ( z )... aN z NW ( z ) ....……(18) Again, M Y ( z) bk z k W ( z) k 0 .... …....(19) Rearranging equation (19), we obtain that, Y ( z) b0W ( z) b1 z 1W ( z ) b2 z 2W ( z )... bM z MW ( z ) …….(20) Now equation (18) and equation (20) can be combined and can be expressed in difference equations that are, w(n) x(n) a1w(n 1) a2 w(n 2) ..... aN w(n N ) © 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved .……(21) Page | 794
6.
Chakraborty et al.,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engg. 3(4), April - 2013, pp. 790-798 y(n) b0 w(n) b1w(n 1) b2 w(n 2) ..... bM w(n M ) …….(22) We can see from the above difference equations that for an IIR filter, its present output is dependent upon the past inputs, past outputs and present input. This can be graphically represented in figure by applying Direct Form-II realization. So, the Direct Form-II realization of IIR Bandstop filter is shown below[1][2][3][6][8][14][20][23[26][27], + + b0 X(n) y(n) z 1 + z 1 a1 w(n-1) + b1 z 1 + a2 z 1 b2 + w(n-2) + aN 1 bM 1 + z 1 aN z 1 bM Fig. 5 Direct Form-II realization of IIR Bandstop filter VI. SIMULATION RESULT In the previous sections, the design and realization of IIR Bandstop Filter are shown. After successful realization and derivation of the required designing equations, the simulations are done. The required program for designing the Digital IIR Bandstop filter are simulated in Matlab7 (R2008a). After successful similation without errors, the magnitude response, phaseresponse, impulse response and pole-zero plotting are obtained. Magnitude response actually shows the steady response at the output and pole-zero plot determines the stability of the filter by placing all the poles inside an unit circle. If the some or all of the poles are outside the unit circle, the system is called as an unstable system. Fig. 6 and Fig.7 shows a stable and unstable system respectively. Fig.6 Stable IIR Bandstop filter (Order=5) © 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Fig.6 Unstable IIR Bandstop filter (Order=5) Page | 795
7.
Chakraborty et al.,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engg. 3(4), April - 2013, pp. 790-798 Coefficient is the essential component for designing the digital filter. Coefficient of a filter is devided into two: one is Numerator coefficient and another is the Denominator coefficient. If the coefficients are calculated correctly, the design of the digital filter will be without error and shows the perfect result and satisfy with the stabulity. The Numerator coefficients and Denominator coefficients of the designed IIR Bandstop filter of order 18 and order 24 are shown in Table 1. The the magnitude response, phaseresponse, impulse response and pole-zero plotting are shown for the Bandstop IIR filetr of order 18 and order 24 from Fig. 7 to Fig. 10 and Fig.11 to Fig. 14. respectively. Table 1 Filter Name Order of Filter 18 Numerator Coefficients Denominator Coefficients 1.399 , 24.78 ,26.41 ,237.1 , 217.4 , 1312 ,1020 , 4635 ,2984 , 1.083e004 , 5572 , 1.675e004 , 6485 ,1.653e004 , 4302 ,9435, 1245 , 2375 5.267 , 35.94 , 127.5 , 483.2 , - 1262 , 3331 , - 6660 , 1.317e004, 2.042e004,3.113e004 ,- 3.719e004 , 4.391e004 ,- 3.933e004 , 3.546e004 , - 2.211e004 , 1.463e004,- 5068 z , 2243 1.664 , 28.28 , 36.97 , 320.5 , 372.4 , 2184 ,2245 , 9974, 9000 , 3.216e004 , 2.52e004 7.511e004,5.026e004, 1.28e005, 7.144e004 ,1.579e005 , 7.091e004, 1.376e005 ,4.68e004 , 8.035e004, .849e004 , 2.822e004 , 3311 ,4505 - 4.717 , 35.88,- 124.5,529.4 , - 1441 , 4371 , - 9659 , 2.28e004 , - 4.165e004,7.966e004 ,- 1.213e005 , 1.918e005 ,- 2.436e005 ,+ 3.21e005 , - 3.371e005 , 3.702e005, - 3.15e005 , 2.858e005 ,- 1.893e005 , 1.392e005 , - 6.579e004 , 3.789e004, - 1.002e004 , 4228 Butterworth Bandstop Filter 24 The simulation results of IIR Butterworth filter of order 18 and 24 are shown below, A. Butterworth Filter order = 18 Fig.7 Magnitude response Fig.9 Impulse response © 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Fig.8 Phase response Fig.10 Pole-zero plot Page | 796
8.
Chakraborty et al.,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engg. 3(4), April - 2013, pp. 790-798 Butterworth Filter order = 24 Fig.11 Magnitude response Fig.9 Impulse response Fig.10 Phase response Fig.10 Pole-zero plot REFERENCE [1] Ranjit Singh and Sandeep K. Arya, ―Determining Optimum coefficients of IIR Digital Filter using Analog to Digital Mapping,‖ International Journal of Advancements in Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol. 01,No. 01, September 2011 pp.19-23. [2] Subhadeep Chakraborty, Krishna Kumar Jha, Abhirup Patra, ― Design of IIR Digital Highpass Butterworth Filter using Analog to Digital Mapping Technique‖, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 52 – No. 7, August 2012 [3] Ranjit Singh Chauhan and Sandeep Kumar Arya, ― Determine Optimal Coefficients of IIR Digital Filters using Simulated Annealing‖, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 43– No.10, April 2012 36 [4] Saurabh Singh Rajput, Dr. S.S. Bhadauria,―Comparison of Band-stop FIR Filter using Modified Hamming Window and Other Window functions and Its Application in Filtering a Mutitone Signal‖, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 1, Issue 8, October 2012. [5] Surapum Yamman, Watcharapong Hinjit, Weerasak Ussawongaraya, Payao Thoopluang, Kobchai ejhan,―Design and implementation of IIR Multiple Notch Filter with Modified Pole-Zero Placement Algorithm‖,Yhe Journal of KMITNB,Vol. 15, No. 2, Apr-Jun 2005. [6] Suhash Chandra Dutta Roy, Balbir Kumar and Shail Bala Jain, ―Fir Notch Filter Design-A Review‖, Facta Universitatis (NIS),Electronics and Energetics vol. 14, No. 3, December 2001, 295-327 [7] Subhadeep Chakraborty, Subhasish Maitra,‖ Design and Determination of Optimum Coefficients of IIR Digital Highpass Filter using Analog to Digital Mapping Technique‖, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 58– No.7, November 2012 [8] Zhengzheng Wu , Yonghyun Shim,, Mina Rais-Zadeh, ―Miniaturized UWB Filters Integrated With Tunable Notch Filters Using a Silicon-Based Integrated Passive Device Technology‖, IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques. © 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page | 797
9.
[9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] Chakraborty et al.,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engg. 3(4), April - 2013, pp. 790-798 Nitesh kumar, namarta sahayam, ― Design of Narrow Band Reject Filter‖, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 2, Issue 12, December-2011 1 ISSN 2229-5518 Haiwen Liu, Reinhard H. Knoechel, and Klaus F. Schuenemann, ―Miniaturized Bandstop Filter Using Meander Spurline and Capacitively Loaded Stubs‖, ETRI Journal, Volume 29, Number 5, October 2007 Samarjeet Singh, Uma Sharma, ―MATLAB Based Digital IIR Filter Design‖, International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering, ISSN- 2277-1956/V1N1-74-83. Subhadeep Chakraborty, ―Design and Realization of IIR Digital Band Stop Filter Using Modified Analog to Digital Mapping Technique‖, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013. K.Ramesh, A.Nirmalkumar, and G.Gurusamy, ―Design of Digital IIR filters with the Advantages of Model Order Reduction Technique‖, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 4:14 2009. Xi Zhang, ―Design of maximally flat IIR filters with flat group delay responses‖, Elsavier, Signal Processing 88 (2008) 1792–1800. Ranjit Kaur, Manjeet Singh Patterh, J.S. Dhillon, ― Design of Optimal L1 Stable IIR Digital Filter using Hybrid Optimization Algorithm‖, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 38– No.2, January 2012. W.-S. Lu, ―Design of Stable IIR Digital Filters With Equiripple Passbands and Peak-Constrained Least-Squares Stopbands‖, IEEE Transactions On Circuits And Systems—II: Analog And Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 46, No. 11, November 1999. Manish Kansal, Vijay Kumar, Dinesh Arora, Hardeep Singh Saini, ―Designing & Implementation of Digital Filter for removal of Power Supply Noise‖, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-1, Issue-4, September 2011. Books [18] B.A. Shanoi, ―Introduction to Digital Signal Processing and Filter design‖, Willey Interscience, 2006. [19] Li Tan,―Digital Signal Processing-Fundamentals and Applications‖, Academic Press, Elsavier, ISBN: 978-0-12374090-8, 2008. [20] Gerard Blanchet and Maurice Charbit, ―Digital Signal and Image Processing using Matlab‖, ISTE Ltd., © HERMES Science Europe Ltd, 2001,© ISTE Ltd, 2006, ISBN-13: 978-1-905209-13-2,ISBN-10: 1-905209-13-4 [21] J.S. Chitode, ―Digital Signal Processing‖, Technical Publication, Pune, ISBN:9788184314243. [22] Dag Stranneby, ―Digital Signal Processing-DSP & Application‖, Butterworth-Heinemann,Oxford, ISBN:0750648112, 2001. [23] Michael Weeks, ―Digital Signal Processing Using MATLAB and Wavelets‖, Infinity Science Press, Hingham, Massachusetts, ISBN: 0-9778582-0-0, 2007. [24] Taan S. ElAli, ―Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing with Matlab‖, CRC Press,ISBN 0-203-487117, 2004. [25] Bob Meddins, ―Introduction to Digital Signal Processing‖, Essential Electronics Series, Newnes, ButterworthHeinemann, Oxford, ISBN: 0750650486, 2000. [26] Proakis, J. G. and Manolakis, D. G. 2007. Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications. Pearson Education Ltd [27] P. Ramesh Babu,‖Digital Signal Processing‖, Fourth edition, Scitech Publication(India) Pvt. Ltd, Chennai,2008. [28] D.Chattopadhyaya, P.C. Rakshit, ―Fundamentals Of Electric Circuit Theory‖, ISBN: 8121900085 [29] A. Sudhakar and Shyammohan S. Palli, ―Circuits and Network‖, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New Delhi, 2011. [30] Ramakant A. Gayakwad, ―Opamp and Linear Integrated Circuit‖, Fourth Edition, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, 2010. [31] Andreas Antoniou, ―Digital Signal Processing : Signals, Systems and Filters‖, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, ISBN-10: 0070636338, 2006 © 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page | 798
Jetzt herunterladen