1. 1 .ABSTRACT:- The retail sector is expanding and modernizing rapidly in line with
India’s economic growth.
It offers significant employment opportunities in all urban areas. Unorganized
retailers in the
vicinity of organized retailers experienced a decline in their volume of business
and profit in
the initial years after the entry of large organized retailers. The adverse impact on
sales and
profit weakens over time. There was no evidence of a decline in overall
employment in the
unorganized sector as a result of the entry of organized retailers. The rate of
closure of
unorganized retail shops in gross terms is found to be 4.2 per cent per annum
which is much
lower than the international rate of closure of small businesses. The rate of closure
on
account of competition from organized retail is lower still at 1.7 per cent per
annum. There is
competitive response from traditional retailers through improved business practices
and
technology up gradation. A majority of unorganized retailers is keen to stay in the
business
and compete, while also wanting the next generation to continue likewise. Small
retailers
have been extending more credit to attract and retain customers.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW:-According to Cherish Mathew (2009), “Aggressive
expansion by organized retailing has, in turn, promoted certain political, legal and
social issues, raising apprehensions about the future
of traditional/unorganized retailing. When compared with the unorganized sector,
organized
retailing is expected to provide several benefits to the customers as well as
suppliers and
would contribute signification to the nation’s economic development in the long
run. The
retail structure in India expected to settle at a new equilibrium, accommodating
both the
organized and unorganized retailer. As the government’s intervention in the retail
business is

2. likely to reduce in future, customer preferences and market forces will determine
the eventual
outcome. The overall attitude likely to change favorably.
2.ABSTRACT:- Retailing in India came with evolutionary patterns from
Kirana store to
super market. This sector was un-organized in the initial stage, and after
that it is carried forward and now it is growing as supermarket and
hypermarket. The paper will depict the main drivers of the retail revolution
in India and how this revolution changes the buying behavior of the
customer, increase in disposable income of the middle class, infrastructure
development and changing customer choice. Organized Retailing is
introduced in the last decade and has emerged as one of the sunrise
industries in India. The paper will mention the impact of organized retailing
on unorganized sector. The study will indicate how the consumer will be
benefited from organized retailers. The survey intends to analyze the
consumer behavior towards organized and unorganized retailing, their
source of purchasing and the factors which influences their mall purchasing
in India.
2.LITERATURE REVIEW:- The retail industry in India has undergone a rapid
growth in the organized sector since the
year 2000. The organized retail sales volume in 2004-2005 had just about 2% share
of the
total retail sale. In present competitive scenario it’s very important to compete with
the competitors and sustain ahead, all companies are analyzing and doing research
to know and
understand the consumer buying behavior for the same. The share of retail trade in
the
country’s gross domestic product (GDP) was 22% in the year 2010.

3. 3.ABSTRACT:- Present paper is a part of the doctoral research study
entitled “Trends in Retail Practices and Their
Impact on Traditional Retailing-Special Reference to Bhopal City”. The
paper discusses variousstudies
undertaken with respect to retailing in India. Aspects like trends, consumer
perception, consumer
behavior, service quality, customer satisfaction, Indian retail market etc. are
included in the paper.
Various studies done by other researchers and experts are analyzed to
include common aspects of
organized Vs traditional retailing. It is basically aimed at to prepare a
summarized report on the study
of related literature regarding the topic. undertaken with the common
aspects of retailing in India. It is
hoped that the paper may act as a reference source for the researchers
and the professionals.
3.LITERATURE REVIEW:- Parasuraman et al. (1980s) conducted an
exploratory investigation in the attempt to define service
quality and develop a model of service quality. The results showed that
regardless of the type of
service, consumers used basically the similar criteria in evaluating service
quality (Parasuraman et al.,
1985). They labeled those 10 criteria as “service quality determinants”.
Since then, service quality was
defined through 10 dimensions: Access, Communication, Competence,
Courtesy, Credibility,
Reliability, Responsibility, security, Tangibles and Understanding/ Knowing
the customer. Later, they
were simplified into five dimensions including Tangibles, Reliability,
Responsiveness, Assurance and
Empathy.Dawar & Parkar (1994): Retailer’s reputation is a proxy for the
retailer’s credibility and can
stand for signal of quality. The use of retailer’s reputation is specific when it
applies to an assortment of
products carried within the store. Dabholkar et al. (1996) developed Retail
Service Quality Model
(RSQS). Based on SERVPERF, RSQS includes 28 –item scale, of which
17 items are from

4. SERVPERF and 11 items are developed by qualitative research. It
composes of 5 dimensions, namely
Physical Aspects, Reliability, Personal Interaction, Problem Solving; and
Policy. Sinha & Batra (1999)
also find the relationship between price consciousness and private label
brand purchase to be positive
but also document that it can vary by different product categories. Shah
(2001) reported that imagine
the Kerala is the home to the largest organized retail chain in the country,
there is margin free market
(MFM), a 160 store chain selling almost everything from electronic and
electrical appliances to food
products, beverages, FMCG’s, stationary and goods. Das (2000) revealed
that the Indian situation is
rather paradoxical. At $180 billion, the Indian retail business contributes 10-
12% of the GDP higher
than the some western economies, where it averages 8%. It revealed that
India have the world’s thickest
density of outlets at 5.5% for every 1000 people between 12million retail
stores, India’s per capita retail
space is dismissal 2 sq ft per person. Johnson (2000) reported that real
estate is an issue in India, also
labor is cheap, so getting products delivered home is a whole lot easier and
he supposes the internet
will facilitate such shopping. India could actually leapfrog the west where
we will probably have drive
through shopping malls. In India, your friendly local guy will deliver the
other opportunity is
convenience stores to do things that families do not have the time for, if
both husband and wife are
working. Poviah and Shirali (2001) were of the viewpoint that shopping
malls are classic self service
4000- 20000 sq ft. stores with shopping carts, as popularized in India by
crazy boys film, with typical
focus on regular groceries, household goods and personal care products.
Tesco and Nilgiris. India is
namely a groceries market and here, shopping malls have not been able to
eat into the business of
kriyana shops. While the housewife might pick up her shampoo at a
shopping mall, she continues to

5. use her local cart pusher for daily needs such as fresh vegetables. In fact,
so far organized Indian
_
_
retailing has enveloped only the middle section (self esteem, social
recognition) of Maslow’s pyramid.
Purohit & Srivastava (2001): The retailer’s reputation is a high-scope cue
for consumer to judge the
product quality and make purchase decision. Their findings show that a
low-quality brand cannot
convey improvement in product quality through a warranty unless it goes
through a reputable retailer.
Chandrasekhar Priya (2004) selected 10 particularly ripe areas which
should be hot markets for at least
the next several years. These comprised of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan,
India etc. Shekhar M. Raj
(2005) in a study found that whether the hegemony of high streets over
Indian retail can continue.
Glitzy malls are coming up by dozen all over the county. With their snazzy
interiors, an offering that is
a mix of shopping, entertainment and leisure, and facilities like packing and
childcare, the malls are
beginning to pull the traffic from the traditional markets. Today we are much
more comfortable with
the quality the brands are connote than the word of a shopkeeper about the
quality of product. More
families now prefer to shop on weekends, preferably not too far from the
home and away from mdden
crowds and even more madding parking attendants. So it is showing that
now Indian consumer is ready
for organized retail. As the most likely time for shopping is the weekends so
the families also look for
some entertainment, eating courts and recreational activities. To fulfill all
these needs we have the
latest form of shopping malls where all these needs of average customer
can be taken care of.
Subhashini Kaul (2005) concluded that consumers satisfied with the store’s
service quality are most
likely to remain loyal. Service quality is being increasingly perceived as a
tool to increase value for the

6. consumer, as a means of positioning in a competitive environment to
ensure consumer satisfaction,
retention and patronage. Despite its strategic importance, Indian retailers
did not have an appropriate
instrument to measure service quality. This study examined the Retail
Service Quality Scale (RSQS)
developed in the U.S for applicability to Indian retail and the scale had been
found appropriate.
Rao(2006) also states that security, trust, internet speed, responsiveness
significantly affect online
purchaser’s behavior. Thirumoorthi, P. (2006) concluded that the company
must concentrate more on
high margin to create a better performance. Importance must be given to
sales promotion. The retailers
must also be asked to give more displays and discounts. Tamilarasan, R.
(2007) studied in depth the
variety of store dimensions and service quality dimensions and revealed
that all these dimensions have
to be of the changing and emerging retail scenario in India.
4.ABSTRACT:- Purpose of this study is to check the effect of opening of
the organized retail stores on
the unorganized retail, farmers and consumer. Another objective of my
study is to find that how
much the economy of Punjab, affected by growing of retail sector. The
study revealed the
changing patterns of the Indian retail industry with special reference to
Punjab as well as
understands the impact of organized retail on the consumption or shopping
habits of the
consumer in the state of Punjab The scope of the study is for new retailer,
who wants to invest in
retail sector. This study tells them, what the growth rate of retail sector is
and what is the
perception of the consumer towards the retail store. This study helps to
government, as from this
study govt. know the growth of retail sector and encourage the investment
in this sector, which
helps in economic growth. The data is collected through the help of
questioner filled from

7. retailers as well as customers. The statistical tools i.e. mean median, std.
deviation, regression,
kurtosis, skewness used for the evaluation purpose. The study revealed
that the Punjab retail
sector is changing now many retail investor open their retail store and
running successfully and
some other big players are ready to invest in the retail sector in Punjab and
the future of
organized retail is quite good in big cities but in the cities cognized retail not
successful to gain
moment.
4.LITERATURE REVIEW:- (CAIT 2007), (Deloitte- Stores Report,
2007),
(Reardon and Hopkins, 2006; Reardon and Berdegue,
2007) examine the internationalization of retail sector.
Global Retail Development Index (2005, 2006, and
2007) studied the ranking of the countries in retail
business. (Mutebi, 2007) evaluates the retail sector in
Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand).
(ICICI Property Services-Technopak Advisers Pvt. Ltd.,
2007) reports shows the growth of retail in the Indian
context.(Hu et al. 2004) examine the Chinese retail
sector. Reardon et al. (2003) studied the
demand side
factors as well the policies impact on retail. (NRFSTE,
2008) report deals with the Indian small retail sectors.
(KPMG2009) report studies the growth of indian retail
sector. (outlook2008) report shows the impact of multi
brand retailing India. (CAIT 2007) report reveals the
impact of big giants of retail on the small retailers. (Deloitte- Stores Report, 2007).
Reports reveals
that there has been a creeping internationalization of
retailing over the recent period. As home markets have
become crowded and with opportunities in emerging
markets rising, modern retailers from developed
countries have been turning to new markets. On an
average each of the top 250 retailers in the world have
operated on an average in 5.9 countries in 2005-06
(July-June) against five countries in 2000-01. (Reardon

8. and Hopkins, 2006; Reardon and Berdegue, 2007)
evaluates that the arrival of modern retail in developing
countries occurred in three successive waves The first
wave took place in the early to mid-1990s in South
America (e.g., Argentina, Brazil, and Chile), East Asia
outside China (South Korea, Malaysia, Philippines,
Thailand, and Taiwan), North-Central Europe (e.g.,
Poland, Hungary, and Czech Republic) and South
Africa. The second wave happened during the mid to
late 1990s in Mexico, Central America (e.g., Ecuador,
Colombia, and Guatemala), Southeast Asian countries
(e.g., Indonesia), Southern-Central Europe (e.g.,
Bulgaria). The third wave has just begun in the late
1990s and early 2000s in parts of Africa (e.g., Kenya),
some countries in Central and South America (e.g.,
Nicaragua, Peru, and Bolivia), Southeast Asia (e.g.,
Vietnam), China, India, and Russia. The international
consulting firm, A.T. Kearney, annually ranks emerging
market economies based on more than 25
macroeconomic and retail-specific variables through
their Global Retail Development Index (GRDI). For the
last three years (2005, 2006, and 2007) India has been
ranked as number one indicating that the country is the
most attractive market for global retailers to enter. The
high economic growth during the last few years raising
disposable incomes rapidly, favourable demographics
placing incomes on younger population with less
dependency, and urbanization are some of the major
factors fueling the Indian retail market. (Mutebi, 2007).
Examine that countries in Southeast Asia (Malaysia,
Indonesia, and Thailand) imposed a number of
restrictions on the growth of large retail companies
particularly the transnational companies in contrast to a
fairly liberal
approach to the retail sector followed until
the late 1990s. These restrictions involve the use of a
combination of competition laws, FDI regulation, land
use restrictions (zoning laws), and limits on operating
hours. (ICICI Property Services-Technopak Advisers
Pvt. Ltd., 2007) report conclude that the growth in

9. organized retailing in recent years can also be gauged
by the rise of shopping malls as well as the rising
number of modern retail formats. In 1999, India had just
three shopping malls measuring less than one million
sq. ft. By the end of 2006, the country had 137
shopping malls equivalent to 28 million sq. ft. The pace
of construction of shopping malls is progressing rapidly
and the number of malls is expected to be about 479 by
the end of 2008 with a capacity of 126 million sq. ft.
(Hu et al. 2004). Find that China ranked fourth, fifth,
and third in the AT Kearney Global Retail Development
Index in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively, and is a
fascinating case of extremely rapid supermarket
diffusion. Modern retail in China comprises roughly 10
per cent of the national retail and 30 per cent of urban
food markets.
5.ABSTRACT:- Retailers pursue different kinds of strategies to attract
customers towards their outlets. But, only some retailers
can be successful in having a strong pull for its customers. The present
study aims at identifying the factors
responsible in contributing to the better performance of some pharmacy
stores, especially the unorganized
pharmacy stores. The variables chosen for the study are the outcome of an
initial pilot study, where the customers
were asked open ended questions to gather reasons for their patronage
towards the pharmacy stores. These
variables have been subjected to factor analysis and the resultant factors
have been termed as the strategies
adopted by the successful pharmacy stores. The results show that there
are seven major strategies adopted by the
successful pharmacy retailers.

10. 5.LITERATURE REVIEW:- The Indian retail sector is highly fragmented,
consisting
predominantly of small, independent, owner-managed shops.
The unorganised sector has not lost its glory due to entry of
organised sector. It has rather gained in terms of business as the
overall retail economy is growing. It has also gained in terms of
its quality enhancement due to competition given by organised
sector. Small retailers have adopted the policy of extending
more credit to customers to attract and retain customers. They
have become competitive by adopting improved business
practices & technology up-gradation (Joseph, Soundararajan, Gupta, &
Sahu, 2008).
Today's world is filled with savvy consumers. Their remarkable
blend of excitement and skepticism leaves many business
owners wondering. It takes more than great products to keep
the customers coming back. Shop keepers must consider what
they can do to differentiate their business from all the others
that offer the same services or products. The differentiator
must be the level of service, the unique experience that is
offered to customers. This holds true even for critical product
categories like medicines. Customers can get the required
product (desired drug) from several stores, but even then they
mostly prefer patronizing the same medical store from where
they usually purchase. It was found that a majority of
customers mostly preferred to buy medicines always from the
same medical store vis-à-vis patronizing a variety of stores and

11. they tend to re-patronize medical stores that are situated at 0 to
3 km from their residence or workplace, reflecting that
locational convenience plays a significant role in determining
preference for and re-patronage of a medical store (Tripathi,
2009).
The study also examined the importance of familiarity (with a
store) in rationalizing buyer behaviour with reference to
medicines. The respondents had accorded the highest priority
to the personal relationship that they enjoyed with the store
manager and the pleasant behaviour displayed by him in
determining patronage of a medical store. In case of
specialized, sensitive products like medicines, reliability of the
store will play a major role in determining customer loyalty and
re-patronage. If the store wants to be successful, it must build a
truly sincere brand, with the objective of creating long-term
mutually beneficial relationships with its customers. (Tripathi). , 2009).
6.ABSTRACT:- The Indian retail industry is the fifth largest in the world. With a
population of 108 billion and
growing at 1.6% p. a, the retail sector in India has a huge growth potential to
become one of the leading retail
markets of the world. With a young demographic profile, increasing consumer
aspirations and advent of dual
income families, the retail landscape is undergoing a level of transformation. The
sector which was initially
dominated by highly decentralized unorganized retailers, with the demographic
and psychographic changes,
is becoming centralized and organized as well. Food dominates the shopping
basket in India, accounting for

12. almost 76% of the spending; while it is only 9.7% in the U.S and 15% in Japan and
UK. Out of the total 76%,
only 1% of this market is in the organized sector and the remaining is in the
unorganized sector. This
research study aims at finding out the customer preferences towards the organized
and unorganized with
special reference to fresh groceries. An attempt has been made to identify factors
that influence customer
preferences towards the organized and the unorganized retailers. A Z-test is used to
test the preference, if any
of the customer towards the organized sector. The findings of the study do note a
change in customer
preferences while shopping for fresh groceries between the unorganized or
organized retail outlets on factors
such as cleanliness, home delivery, credit facilities, display, etc. However, one of
the interesting finding of
this study is that the customer is indifferent on his preference between the two
sectors on the level of prices.
The findings of this study may provide useful insights to researchers for further
research and to retailers of
both the organized and unorganized sectors on how to overhaul their business in
order to achieve coexistence.
6.LITERATURE REVIEW:- The discussion on whether the unorganized
retailers will be ousted by the organized retailers has been in
public domain for the last few years. A number of studies have been carried out in
this area. With the
opening up of FDI in multi-brand retailing, there is a definite need to understand
the status of the
unorganized retailers over the organized retailers, especially when big foreign
retailers like Wal-Mart, Tesco
and Carrefour are waiting to enter the retail scene in India.
The organized and the unorganized retail would certainly coexist. The multiple
needs and utility
functions among the socio-economic classes would ensure both the organized and
the unorganized to coexist
primarily in the food sector [1]. However, another study states that organized and
unorganized are bound not
only to coexist but also achieve rapid and sustained growth in years to come [2].
The unorganized retailers

13. do well on the location or the placement; however they suffer on the aspects such
as cleanliness, quality of
goods, offers made and of course helpful trustworthy sales personnel. The converse
is true for the organized
retailers [3]. The arrival of the big retailers has had an impact on small grocers, but
the neighborhood stores
still show growing sales, although at a much lower rate than the modern trade [4].
The traditional retailers
need to work out a strategy to retain their customers by providing quality goods
and services; and they
should also go for collaborations at the regional level, then only they can survive to
win in this globally
competitive environment [5]. The organized retailers are developing deeper
insights into customer needs and
are developing innovative models that are more tailored and personalized
experience for their customers,
thus working towards customer- centric shopping experience. Greater the
differentiation is among
competitors, greater the success.
7.ABSTRACT:- The Indian retail industry has grown 10.6% between 2010
and 2012 and is poised to increase to 750 to 850 billion USD by 2015.
Retail industry is a flourishing
sector of the country and encompasses activities from sourcing, SCM
,Inventory management, merchandise management, store management,
HRM, ERM, ERP,
sales promotion, advertisement, CRM and after-sales service. The
organized retail constitutes 8% of the total retail market and is expected to
grow at 20% by
2020. It is likely to greatly impact businessmen, entrepreneurs, investors
and to a great extent the real estate sector. There is great hue and cry that
FDI will to
a great extent make the small retailers shut the business and opt for
alternate employment. The paper focuses on the impact of organized retail
on the
unorganized sector in Indian retail market.
7.LITERATURE REVIEW:- According to Delloitte Report Jan 2013- Indian
Retail Report Opening more doors, the Indian retail industry has grown 10.6%
between 2010 and 2012 and

14. organized retail constitutes 8% of the total retail industry with 92% constituting
the unorganized retail. The Indian retail is divided into 2 categories- organized
and unorganized retail. Organized retail refers to trading activities by licensed
retailers , who are registered for sales tax, income tax and includes retail chains
and large privately owned retail businesses. On the other hand, unorganized retail
constitutes the traditional formats of low cost retailing, convenience stores ,
hardware shop at the corner of the street selling everything from bathroom
fittings to paints and small construction tools , mom and pop shops, local kirana
shops, pan and beedi shops, hand cart and pavement vendors and street hawkers.
8.ABSTRACT:-
The present research is taken up to study the consumers’ experience and
perception in organized and unorganized retail settings while buying fresh
produce in 7P’s Framework in Bangalore.. Most of the respondents rate their
experience to be excellent or very good particularly with respect to product
range, quality and freshness of goods at organized retail outlets. However on
the parameters of product freshness, availability of seasonal fruits and handling
returns and exchanges, unorganized traders score better. Some respondents
feel that the grievance redressal procedures and systems are not quite customer
friendly, and need to be redesigned in the larger formats. Majority of the
respondents agree or strongly agree to the statements that FDI in retail is very
much useful to the consumers and the economy, expansion of organized retail
provide better services to the consumers, and it could affect cultivation
practices of firms as well, large retail firms operate with greater efficiency, and
they encourage wasteful spending. Timely market information, entrepreneurial
drive and business acumen will ensure success of all stakeholders in the fray,
and it turns out to be a positive sum game in the ever growing market rather
than zero sum game as it is apprehended.
8.LITERATURE REVIEW:- Amita Shah (2011) opine that the supporters of
liberalisation often argue that if the modern food retail sector is allowed a full
round of liberalisation, it may have various positive outcomes, including a
reduction in prices. He raises a counter question, what if the markets, as it happens
in several instances, fail to deliver on account of the structural snags that may
continue to persist in a rapidly growing and yet highly segmented economy?
Dhruv Grewal et al, (2009) contend that survival in today's economic climate and
competitive retail environment requires more than just low prices and innovative

15. products. To compete effectively, businesses must focus on the customer's
shopping experience.
Dwelling on the issue,
G. Suresh, Dr. S. Krishna Murthy (2012) found that the horticulture
development has increased employment and foreign exchange earnings
Manju Malik (2012), attempts to determine the perception of service quality of
organized retail stores and their satisfaction among 500 respondents from
organized retail outlets selected from Haryana, and across various dimensions such
as Product aspects, Price aspect, Physical aspect, Promotional schemes, and
Personnel Interaction and After Sales Services. Across the sub-dimensions of
service quality of organized retail stores, the respondents' level of perception and
satisfaction in terms of Product aspects, Price aspect, Physical aspect, Promotional
schemes, Personnel Interaction and after sales services was "good”.
Nityanand Singh and Prachee Javadekar (2011) observe that the supply-chain
management of perishable food products is a very typical issue, which is to be
adequately managed to gain the competitive advantage for optimum profit in the
current scenario. Kamaladevi B (2010) contends that increased FDI inflows to a
country can create several economic effects. Among others, FDI can affect labour
and capital markets, trade patterns and economic growth.
Ruchi Malik (2012) found that though there are multitudinous opportunities that
are untapped by the retailers, they can be successful by paying more attention
towards their customer needs and desires.
Shankar Gopalakrishnan and Priya Sreenivasa, (2009) cautions that rather than
being a panacea for Indian agriculture, corporate food provision will likely
accelerate many key elements of India’s agricultural crisis. It will produce a
decline in land productivity, reduce food security, adversely affect price stability
and will tend to negatively impact employment and credit relations.
9.ABSTRACT:- This present study is an attempt to understand the relationship
between the choice of retail formats,
based on products attributes, store attributes, consumers’ demography and retail
marketing strategies.
The outcome of the study reveals that consumers’ choice for modern retail formats
vary as their income level
increases. Young consumers’ are more inclined to shop from modern retail formats
as compared to older ones.
Consumers’ prefer modern retail formats due to its significant product attributes
like improved quality, variety
of brands and assortment of merchandise and store attributes like parking facility,
trained sales personnel and

16. complete security. The retention strategies, promotional strategies, growth and
improvement strategies, pricing
strategies and competitive strategies are the major contributors for the growth of
organized retailing and play
an important role in enhancing the sales of retail formats. Further, the study helps
in designing a framework for
choice of modern retail formats from Consumers’ and Retailers’ Perspective.