This document discusses personal clouds for learning. It begins by discussing the importance of lifelong learning and issues with current learning approaches. It then discusses how personal clouds and cloud computing can help address these issues by allowing universal access to learning materials across devices. Case studies are presented showing how personal clouds have been used for micro-learning, end-user programming, and multi-device learning. The Learning Layers project is also summarized as an example of a personal cloud integrating work and learning.
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Public Clouds for Learning
1. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-1 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Personal Clouds for Learning
Dejan Kovachev & Ralf Klamma
RWTH Aachen University
Advanced Community Information Systems (ACIS)
{kovachev|klamma}@dbis.rwth-aachen.de
2. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-2
Responsive
Open
Community
Information
Systems
Community
Visualization
and
Simulation
Community
Analytics
Community
Support
WebAnalytics
WebEngineering
Advanced Community
Information Systems (ACIS)
Requirements
Engineering
http://dbis.rwth-aachen.de/cms/research/ACIShttp://beamtenherrschaft.blogspot.com/
3. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-3
Table of Contents
Motivation
– Life-long learning
– The extended mind
Background Personal Clouds
– Cloud computing and Personal Clouds
– Personal knowledge management
– Self-regulated and informal learning
Case Studies in TEL
– End-user programming
– Micro-learning
– Learning Layers project
– Multi-device learning
4. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-4
Life-long Learning
Life-long learning is crucial for achieving economic
growth, competitiveness and social inclusion
However, many issues exist
– Information overload
– Tools overload
– Limited time
– Hard to balance work and private life
– Breaks for learning are spread across places and time
– Limited attention
– Learning is not the primary activity
5. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-5
The Extended Mind
Where does the mind stop and the rest of the world
begin?*
– Cognitive processes aren’t all in the head
– Active externalism – the environment has an active casual
role in driving cognitive processes
– Coupled system – the environment is part of the thought
We all have minds that extend out into our
environments
– Reliance, accessibility and trust
* Clark and Chalmers (1998), „The extended mind,“ Analysis
6. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-6
The Mind as a Cloud
Is our cognitive state spread across the
Internet?
Humans are “natural-born cyborgs,” and
the Internet is our giant “extended mind”
Move from just-in-case learning
(memorization) to just-in-time learning
(interaction)
Through cloud-based mobile devices the
global mind is effectively an extension of
our minds
7. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-7
Personal Clouds for Learning
Personal
Knowledge
Management
Informal
Learning
Personal
Cloud
8. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-8
Cloud Computing Definition
“Cloud Computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal management effort or service
provider interaction.” – NIST
Cloud computing allows to develop, deploy and run applications
that can
– Easily grow capacity (scalability),
– Work fast (performance),
– Never, or at least rarely, fail (reliability)
No concern to the nature and location of the underlying infrastructure
9. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-9
Cloud Computing Analogy
D. Kossmann, T. Kraska (2010). Data Management in the Cloud: Promises, State-of-the-art, and Open Questions.
10. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-10
What is a Personal Cloud?
Gartner’s top 10
important trends
for 2013 *
Forrester
Research predicts
it as a$12 billion
market by 2016
Source: Forrester Research* http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2209615
11. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-11
Personal Cloud Experience
Personal clouds won't replace the PCs but rather augment them
The “4S” experience
– Store, sync, stream, share
Devices, platforms don’t matter so much - Eco systems matters more
– Seamless flow of content between
– Device to device
– Person between person
– Screen to screen
– Location to location
– Access anywhere at anytime
– Universal access to learning
12. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-12
Personal InfoCloud
Features
– Centered around the individual
– Continuous access
– Content organized for personal
use
– Task, action, context aware
apps and serivces
T. VanderWal (2005), http://de.slideshare.net/vanderwal/designing-for-personal-infocloud
13. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-13
InfoClouds
http://de.slideshare.net/vanderwal/designing-for-personal-infocloud
14. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-14
InfoClouds
http://de.slideshare.net/vanderwal/designing-for-personal-infocloud
15. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-15
How to a Build Personal Cloud?
http://de.slideshare.net/infe/cloud-learning-learning-environments-in-the-cloud-era
16. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-16
Cloud Learning Environment
Free to use the tools
On-demand education
Doesn’t follow any design or learning process
PLE/VLE/CLE are all different views of the same idea
Great for life-long learning and forming learning
networks that are non institutional
17. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-17
Personal Knowledge Management
A collection of processes that a person uses to gather,
classify, store, search, retrieve, and share knowledge in his
or her daily activities
The way in which these processes support work activities
Skills associated with personal knowledge management:
– Reflection: Continuous improvement on how the individual operates
– Manage learning: Manage how and when the individual learns
– Information literacy: Understanding what information is important
and how to find unknown information
– Organizational skills: Personal librarianship. Personal
categorization and taxonomies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_knowledge_management
18. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-18
Time Management
http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2011/3/105311-managing-time
19. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-19
Different Styles of Learning
Personal learning
Informal learning
Self-regulated learning
Mobile learning
20. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-20
Long Tail Effect in Personal Learning
The long tail of personal knowledge in life-long
learning
Bottom-up approach to knowledge management
High-quality, specially designed,
learning materials like books or
course material
Gaps in personal knowledge
identified mostly by real-world
practice
22. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-22
End-user Programming
End-user tools and platforms
that lower the barrier to
creating mashups
Able to combine functionality
and data from multiple web
sites to help users solve tasks
not originally envisioned by
the web site designers
– Extract, aggregate,
visualize data
– GUI assembly tools
25. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-25
Micro-learning
Micro-learning deals with *
– relatively small learning units (micro-content) and narrow topics
– short-term-focused activities
– relatively short effort, operating expense, degree of time consumption, measurable
time, subjective time, etc.
– Discontinuous attention
– Small learning activities interwoven into our daily life
A learning activity on small pieces of knowledge based on Web
resources
– Web content as a primary inexpensive source for personal knowledge enrichment
– Loosely regulated learning processes for heterogeneous content
* T. Hug (2005), “Micro Learning and Narration - Exploring Possibilities of Utilization of Narrations and Storytelling
for the Designing of “micro units” and Didactical Micro-learning Arrangements”
26. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-26
Design-driven Pedagogy
Guidelines for designing micro-learning experiences
– Periphery/causality
– Flow, up-to-date, synchronized
– Gesture-driven
– Openness
– Simplicity
– Comfort with tools, learning methods, devices
Lindner (2009), „What is Microlearning?“
27. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-27
Micro-learning Workflow
Micro-learning consists of
– fast, convenient and instant capture of
the self-identified knowledge gaps
– sense-making with the help of Web
resources
– unobtrusive creation of learning objects
out of Web resources, and
– integration of that learning object into
small learning activities interwoven into
our daily life
Considerations
– Disparity of the identification, sense-
making and learning periods (and
available devices)
– Minimize distraction and interruption
28. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-28
Example: Language Learning
gaps in personal
knowledge
Web sources
micro
information
subject to:
arg max
effort
30. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-30
Query and Answer Seeking
Information gathering –
collection of
information from
multiple sources
accounts for 13.4% of
overal Web usage*
„Research missions“
account for 25% of
Yahoo! search
volume**
* Kellar et al. (2007) A field study charcterizing web-based information seeking tasks, 2007
** Donato et al. (2010) Do you want to take notes? Identifying research missions in Yahoo! Search Pad
31. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-31
End-user Learning Content Gathering
D. Kovachev, Y. Cao, R. Klamma, and M. Jarke (2011), „Learnas-you-go: New Ways of Cloud-Based
Micro-Learning for the Mobile Web”
34. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-34
Multi-device Learning
One user –
Multiple
personal computing
devices
Multiple users –
One (logical)
mobile web
application
delivered through
the cloud
Cloud of
heterogeneous
personal
computing devices
and users’
collaboration
35. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-35
Space (shared by multiple users)
ROLE Framework
Web application (composed of widgets)
Widget (collaborative web
component)
http://role-sandbox.eu/
36. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-36
DireWolf Framework:
Distributed User Interfaces (DUI)
Challenge for a web application with only one device
Goal: distribute widgets over multiple devices of the single user
when requires full screen video,
other widgets become unreachable
expand the application to multiple devices
Map on iPhone Other widgets on PCVideo player on iPad
37. Tablets:
video players with
multi-touch interaction
Laptops and
PCs: text editing
Single-deviceUIMulti-devicedistributedUI
Smartphones:
on-site video capture, geo-
tagging on maps and
video annotation
D. Kovachev, D. Renzel, P. Nicolaescu, and R. Klamma (2013), DireWolf: Distributing and Migrating User Interfaces
for Widget-based Web Applications
38. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-38
Learning Layers – Scaling Technologies for Informal Learning
Learning Layers – Scaling up Technologies for
Informal Learning in SME Clusters
39. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-39
Maturing
Interacting with People at the
workplace
Paul discovers a problem at the
construction site with PLC equipment ...
Generating dynamic Learning
Material
The regional training center observes the
Q&A and links it to their course material
...
Q: How to use PLC equipment …?
• I have seen this before here …
• Last time I did it, I …
• Here is something helpful
Social Semantic Layer
Emerging shared meaning,
giving context
Energy Consumption
Lightning
X3-PVQX3-PJC
X3-POZ PLC Equipment
Instructional Taxonomy
• What is …
• How to …
• Example of …
Tutorial: How to Use PLC
What is PLC
How to use it?
Examples
Further Information
Hot Questions and
Answers
Work Practice Taxonomy
• Installation
• Testing
• Operation
Peter
Paul
Mary
Interacting in the Physical
Workplace
Physical workplace is equipped with QR
tags, learning materials are delivered
just in time ...
A list of helpful resources
• Tutorials: How to use …
• Persons: Peter, Mary, …
• Work Practice: Installation,..
• Concepts: PLC, Lightning
• Q&A: …,
Learning Layers integrates working and learning in the regional
learning ecosystem of the building and construction industry
40. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-40
Summary
In life-long learning, our minds are under attack, but
technology seeks to extend cognitive states across
the Web of Knowledge
Personal Clouds need to
– provide a seamless user experience across multiple
devices and platforms,
– provide means for personal knowledge management and
learning
– support open personal learning content, services,
interactions and strategies
41. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
I5-KoKl-0513-41
More Information
http://dbis.rwth-aachen.de/cms/projects/i5cloud/personal-clouds