Poster of Open Government Data Conference 2011 Wien Palais Strudlhof

1. Components of an Open Government Data Infrastructure
§ US president Obama releases a § Granada Ministerial Declaration on the
European Digital Agenda: Agreed on 19
memorandum concerning the freedom
April 2010 (ministers responsible for
of information act directed to the
2003: The Java based Jena semantic December 2007: The initial 8 open data the Information Society Policy of the
heads of federal agencies in which he
web framework reaches V 2.0. It is the principles get drafted and are the basis European Union Member States)
proclaims: “In the face of doubt,
1999: RDF, the Resource most feature complete for amendments and interpretations openness prevails”
Description Framework for storing implementation of semantic web Austria: OGD performs
arbitrary entities and relations
among them, declared as a W3C
functionality and widely adopted by
business and academia 2008: OWL, the Web Ontology Language
§ The Ministerial Declaration on
eGovernment approved unanimously
Workshops with
government and business
recommendation reaches V2 specification. OWL extends the in Malmö, Sweden, on 18 November representatives and civil
expressive power of RDF & RDFS with 2009 includes several declarations of society
2004: W3C adopts RDF as formal semantics to support reasoning for intent regarding increased
standard automated information generation. transparency and openness in the
administration process
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
§ 2011: Austria: Council of
Tim Berners Lee describes
§ 1. DIRECTIVE 2003/98/EC OF § 14 March 2007: INSPIRE Directive Ministers agrees on the
URIs as the crucial THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17
§ Germany adopts Freedom
of Information law on
2007/2/EC establishing an
Infrastructure for Spatial Information
requirement of an Open
Data strategy
element of Semantic Web
federal level in the European Community
November 2003 on the re-use of
public sector information Open3 conducts an Open
2009: Pellet 2.0, the most feature Government survey among
complete semantic web reasoner Austrian parliamentarians
2001: Foundation of Creative Commons (CC). with support for OWL 2.0 released
The Creative Commons organization releases a
24 May 2004: The Open Knowledge
set of licences suitable for creative and
ingenious work and partly adaptable for data.
Foundation is founded and promotes open May 2009: Going live of
US data.gov
§ 15 December 2010: Neelie
Kroes says “Yes to Open Data”
content, data and information and
Most importantly, the CC actively promote to
becomes a strong open data supporter.
the discussion of openness and transparency October 2009: DC Apps
in the society as a whole. for democracy. “4000% § In October 2010, the Australian
Government adopted an open
ROI in 30 days” access policy, with Creative
January 2010: Commons as the preferred licence
Going live of US for the release of government
data.gov information
The Origin of Species 2010: Austria: Open3 and OGD
§ Legal decision or directive
Austria, civil society open data
movements, are founded as
§ October 2010: Vienna agrees
on Open Data Strategy
associations.
Web site or public appearance
2010: Foundation of Open Commons
Civil society movement or action Region Linz with aim to open
Government Data
Technical specification or SDK
Open Government Data time-line with a focus on Austria
Legislation Society
Make Openness the Default Uncharted Waters Policy Models
Countries having Freedom of Information Acts (FOIA), with an assumption of “In The effects of releasing Open (Government) Data are For open datasets to be
the face of doubt, openness prevails” , can move much faster towards open data boldly touted: More openness and transparency and beneficial to more but a small
by circumnavigating discussions of purpose, meaning, entitlement and legal valuable data sets will spur new economic models, “data elite”, concerns of data
necessity. thus lead to new levels of economic growth. There is and media literacy have to be
little supportive, quantitative data to back this raised and tacked by adapted
Apply Meaningful Licences assumptions. Observations of medieval change from curricula, starting at primary
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/8034134/Open-Government-Licence-promises-unlimited-use-of-government-data.html
Open Government Data beneficiaries require meaningful licenses in order to alchemy to science by transparency of methods and school pupils and their teachers.
securely base services on released data and create additional value. Those licences research results support the prospect of broad
regulate IPR, legal liability, naming attribution and societal change. Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age.
Penguin Press, 2010.
Role of Civic Society
eParticipation
derived work. The more liberal those licences Chance for
eParticipation
are, the more uptake published data will see. evaluation of
success or failure
Initialisation
Open Data eConsultation
Derived work is required to be re-shared?
http://wiki.okfn.org/OpenDataLicensing
of government, Open Data eConsultation
License requires attribution to the issuer? strengthened by
quantitative data Evaluation Co-Drafting
Licence / Remarks Co-Production
Co-Production
#
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0,
#
Müller, Weitzmann, Lesch et.al. Offene
√ X
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
Staatskunst- Bessere Politik durch
Implementation
URI
Open Government? Berlin, October 2010.
0
CC-0, very liberal licence, the issuer waives all
Service /
0
of his or her copyright and neighbouring and
related rights in a work, worldwide applicable; X X Discovery
re-assertion of copyright not allowed Service Open Data Principles
Public Domain Dedication and Certification http://sunlightfoundation.com/policy/documents/ten-open-data-principles/
3
Web Interface
3
(PDDC), based on U.S. law, enforceability
outside US questionable; interesting concept of
For open data to be useful to the
X X public, technical aspects have to
2
non-normative community norms.
http://www.opendatacommons.org/norms/,
focus on data-bases/sets
Open Database License (ODbL), Derivative and
JSON-Connectors 1
1 2 Web Interface be met. These include
• machine readability
creative work allowed, originator must be
attributed, resulting work must be released √ √ Web Interface • ease of physical access
SPARQL
under same licence, focus on data-bases/sets RDF • permanence
Open Data Commons (ODC), Extraction, re- RDF-Browser Javascript Libraries DB • royalty-free data formats
utilisation, creation of derivative and creation
√ X
of collective Databases allowed; Work-in-
progress, focus on data-bases/sets api.data.gv.at data.gv.at proxy.data.gv.at Organisation Data Separation
economy.data.gv.at
External and intra-organisational
External View IPSec Tunnel data representation has to be
Embrace Open
Innovation
Internal Databases 4' Web Interface
separated. By separation, data
not meant for disclosure will be
DB1 filtered, prepared to meet open
=
Social and commercial
entrepreneurs play a core role at
turning OGD into new services.
RDF
Database DB2
= RDF
DB
standards and semantically
enriched.
This requires an attitude of Internal View Filtering stage Semantic Annotations
Organisation
“letting loose” to enable an inflow finance.data.gv.at
Trust is leveraged by interlinking
of new ideas. Organisation data.gv.at datasets, thus enabling a user or
eService to inspect datasets,
Leverage the Benefits of preferably down to the data
Architectural Components
origin (political decision, census
Peer Production
Peer Production will harness 0
0 User retrieves URIs by querying open
data search engine / URI service (optional)
4'
4' Cross-site Javscript call require proxy
service; Obsolete as of HTML5 CORS
data, electronic metering point).
This is achieved by meaningful and permanent
human skill, ingenuity and intelligence more New datasets get syndicated as soon as URIs, a core element of the semantic web.
Information ressource URIs are resolved
efficiently and effectively. The ability to integrate 1
1 against RDF web server, which queries #
# they become available by RSS, ATOM or
pubsubhubbub A National URI Infrastructure
the talents of dispersed individuals and PURL DB to resolve stale URIs
organizations is becoming and important skill and URIs by their segmented nature (namespaces) fit
requires more uptake by politicians and heads of 2
2
Web server returns RDF or HTML
data based on client request. =
=
Staging and filtering area at which internal
datasets, identified as open data, are the need of democratic governments by following
public administration agencies.
amended by publicly addressable URIs the principles of subsidiarity and local authority.
The establishment of a national URI infrastructure
3
3
Mobile devices query against JSON API;
Advanced services issue SPARQL queries
has to take place at the national CIO level while
Understand Prosumerism itemisation can be left to the respective federal
Open Innovation is not a one-way administrative bodies, eg. http://{domain}.{federallevel }.data.gv.at/{concept }/IDentifier.{RDF|html}
game. Once an administrative body Collaborative Innovation Framework
decides to open-up, the inflow has
Search and Publication Service
Participation
Community
Innovation mall Open
to be carefully revised and
Innovation The federal nature of open data by URI segmentation requires a higher level service for
incorporated into subsequent tasks. Elite Circle Consortium Closed aggregation, search and ontological harmonisation. Local government data providers
If society input is neglected, built-up Governance sources publish changes to their data sets to this higher level service by RSS or
trust will vanish.
Hierarchical Flat pubsubhubbub.
Pisano et. al. “Which collaboration is right for you?” HBR 2008 Koumenides, Christos, Harith Alani, Nigel Shadbolt, and Manuel Salvadores “Global Integration of Public Sector Information.” 26-27, Raleigh, NC, USA, 2010
Organisation Technology
http://hbr.org/2008/12/which-kind-of-collaboration-is-right-for-you/sb1 http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/21025/.
© Johann Höchtl, Research fellow at Center for E-Government, Danube University Krems, Austria and PhD student at Business Informatics Group, Technical University Vienna, Austria. http://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
johann.hoechtl@donau-uni.ac.at @myprivate42 http://www.facebook.com/myprivate42 http://www.slideshare.net/jhoechtl