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The Factor Analysis of Customer-Based Brand Equity
of the Black Carbonated Beverage Industry
in Mueang District,Chiang Mai Province
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Administration
Payap University, Chiang Mai Province.
32
ABSTRACT
The Objective of this research was to analyze the components of the customer-
based brand equity of the black carbonated beverage industry in Mueang District, Chiang
Mai Province. The sample group were consisted of 328 customers who have been
drinking the black carbonated beverage. The research instrument was questionnaires,
which tested for the reliability as 0.939 and the data analysis was done by using the factor
analysis.
2
The results of the research found that the customer-based brand equity of the black
carbonated beverage industry has four components and thirty – two variables as follows
brand loyalty ,brand perceived quality, brand association and brand awareness. The factor
loading of these components was 0.508 – 0.808.
:
Key Words: Factor Analysis, Customer-Based Brand Equity, black carbonated beverage
Customer – Based Brand Equity
(Keller, 1993)
Peter
and Olson, 2008
(Helander and
Khalid, 2000)
Aaker,
4 Non
Alcoholic Drinks Thailand
Food and Drink Report Q1, 2011
6
Black Carbonate Drinks
3
2
:
–
Survey Research
4
Cochran
n =
Accidental Sampling
Check list
Aaker (1991) Keller (1993)
Yoo, Donthu and Lee 2000 Yoo and Donthu
2001 Pappu, Quester and Cooksey 2006 Davis, Golicic and
5
Marquardt (2009) Tong and Hawley (2009a, 2009b) Chen and Tseng
(2010) Lee and Leh (2011
Likert Scale
Confirmation Factor Analysis
Cronbach Coefficient Alpha
Hair, 2010
2. Correlation
Hair, 2010
3 KMO (Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin Measure of
Sampling Adequacy)
Hair, 2010
KMO Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity
Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin Measure of
Sampling Adequacy
0.937
Approx. Chi- 8707.703
6
Bartlett’s Test of
Sphericity
Square
df 946
Sig. 0.00
KMO
Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity Chi-Square
p = 0.00 (H0)
(H )
Factor Rotation Orthogonal
(Varimax)
Hair, 2010
Factor Extraction
Principle Component (Eigen
values)
Factor Loading 35 Hair, 2010
(Eigen values
7
35
19-2 84
--
8
Factor Meaning
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
Brand Loyalty
(Eigen Values)
X
X
X
X
9
X
X
X
(Brand Perceived Quality)
(Eigen Values)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
(Brand Association)
(Eigen Values)
10
X
0.783
X 0.780
X 0.774
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
11
X
X
X
X
X
: X
X
X
X
12
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
: X
X
X
13
X X
X
X
(Brand Awareness)
(Eigen Values)
Loyalty Purchase Intention
Satisfaction Recommend
Price Premium
(Eigen Values)
Aaker 1991
Jacoby (1971)
14
Allaway et al (2011)
Brand enduring
(Aaker and Mills, 2005)
Quality Level
Consistent Quality A
Category Leader Popularity
Aaker 1991
Aaker, 1996
Villarejo-Ramos and Sanchez-Franco
15
Aaker, 1996
Brand Value
Brand Personality
Organization Association Keller (1993)
Aaker (1991)
product
evaluation (brand choices) Hatch and
Schultz (2001)
Aaker 1996
16
Webster and Keller
Brand Recognition) (Brand Recall
Top of mind
Brand familiarity Keller
(1993)
Recall
Recognize
unnamed
Wasburn and Plank (2002)
17
(Aaker, 1991)
(Eigen Values)
18
3.
19
MBA’ 19
[ ]
http://www.gotomanager.com/news/details.aspx?id=49932
Aaker, D.A. (1991).Managing Brand Equity: Capitalization the Value
of a Brand Name. New York: Free Press.
Aaker, D.A.. (1996a).Building Strong Brand. New York: the free
Press.
Aaker, D.A., and Mills, M. K. (2005). Strategic Market Management.
John Wiley and Sons Australia.
Allaway, A. W., Huddleston, P., Whipple, J., Ellinger, A. E. (2011).
Customer-based brand equity, equity drivers,
20
and customer loyalty in the supermarket industry. Journal of
Product & Brand Management; 2011, 20 (3); 190-204.
Chen, C.F., Tseng, W. S. (2010). Exploring Customer-based brand
Airline brand equity: Evidence from Taiwan.
Transportation Journal, Winter. Vol. 49 Issue 1, p24-34, 11p.
Cochran, L.J. (1997). Sampling Techniques. New York: Wiley.
Davis, D. F., Golicic, S. L and Marquardt, A. (2009). Measuring brand
equity for logistics services.
The International Journal of Logistics Management. Vol. 20,
No. 2: 201-212.
Hatch, M.J. and Schultz, M. (2001). Are the strategic signs aligned for
your corporate brand?,
Harvard Business review, February, 1-8.
Hair, Joseph F. Jr., Black, William C., Babin, Barry J. and Anderson,
Rolph E. (2010). Multivariate
Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey, USA. Seventh Edition.
Helander, M.G. and Khalid, H.M. “Modeling the customer in electronic
commerce”, Applied Ergonomics. 31(6):
609-619; 2000.
Jacoby, J. (1971). A model of multi-brand Loyalty. Journal of
Advertising Research, 11(3). 25-31.
Keller, Kevin Lane. (1993). ). “Conceptualizing, Measuring., &
Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity”.
Journal of Marketing. January 57 : 1-22.
21
Lee., G. C., Leh., F. C. Yew. (2011). Dimensions of Customer-Based
Brand Equity: A Study on Malaysian
Brands.Journal of Marketing Research and Case Studies.
Pappu, R., Quester, P. G. and Cooksey, R. W.(2006). Consumer-
based brand equity; improving the measurement –empirical
evidence. The Journal of product and brand management; 24. 143-
154.
Peter, P. J. & Olson, J. C. (2008). Consumer Behavior and Marketing
Strategy. (8 th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Thailand Food and Drink Report Q1. (2010). Business Monitor
International Ltd.
Tong X. and Hawley T.,M. (2009a). Creating brand equity in the
Chinese clothing market: the Effect of
selected marketing activities on brand equity dimensions.
Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management. 13: 566-581.
Tong X. and Hawley T.,M. _. b Measuring customer – based
brand equity: empirical evidence from the
sportswear market in china. Journal of Product and Brand
Management. April, 18 :
Villarejo-Ramos, A. F. and M.J. Sanchez-Franco, 2005.‘The Impact of
Marketing Communication
and Price Promotion on Brand Equity.Brand Management,
12(6), pp. 431-444.
Washburn, J and Plank, R. E. (2002). Measuring Brand equity: an
Evaluation of a Consumer-Based Brand Equity
22
Scale. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice; Winter; 10.
46-62.
Webster, F.E. Jr and Keller, K.L. (2004), “A roadmap for branding in
industrial markets”, Brand
Management, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 388-402.
Yoo, B., Donthu, N. and Lee, S. (2000). An Examination of Selected
marketing Mix Elements and brand equity.
Academy of Marketing Science. Journal; Spring; 28. 198-211.
________________ . (2001).Developing and validating a
multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale.
Journal of business Research, 25; 1-14.
–

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การวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบคุณค่าตราสินค้าจากมุมมองของลูกค้าในอุตสาหกรรมเครื่องดื่มน้ำอัดล

  • 1. 1 The Factor Analysis of Customer-Based Brand Equity of the Black Carbonated Beverage Industry in Mueang District,Chiang Mai Province Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Administration Payap University, Chiang Mai Province. 32 ABSTRACT The Objective of this research was to analyze the components of the customer- based brand equity of the black carbonated beverage industry in Mueang District, Chiang Mai Province. The sample group were consisted of 328 customers who have been drinking the black carbonated beverage. The research instrument was questionnaires, which tested for the reliability as 0.939 and the data analysis was done by using the factor analysis.
  • 2. 2 The results of the research found that the customer-based brand equity of the black carbonated beverage industry has four components and thirty – two variables as follows brand loyalty ,brand perceived quality, brand association and brand awareness. The factor loading of these components was 0.508 – 0.808. : Key Words: Factor Analysis, Customer-Based Brand Equity, black carbonated beverage Customer – Based Brand Equity (Keller, 1993) Peter and Olson, 2008 (Helander and Khalid, 2000) Aaker, 4 Non Alcoholic Drinks Thailand Food and Drink Report Q1, 2011 6 Black Carbonate Drinks
  • 4. 4 Cochran n = Accidental Sampling Check list Aaker (1991) Keller (1993) Yoo, Donthu and Lee 2000 Yoo and Donthu 2001 Pappu, Quester and Cooksey 2006 Davis, Golicic and
  • 5. 5 Marquardt (2009) Tong and Hawley (2009a, 2009b) Chen and Tseng (2010) Lee and Leh (2011 Likert Scale Confirmation Factor Analysis Cronbach Coefficient Alpha Hair, 2010 2. Correlation Hair, 2010 3 KMO (Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy) Hair, 2010 KMO Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0.937 Approx. Chi- 8707.703
  • 6. 6 Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity Square df 946 Sig. 0.00 KMO Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity Chi-Square p = 0.00 (H0) (H ) Factor Rotation Orthogonal (Varimax) Hair, 2010 Factor Extraction Principle Component (Eigen values) Factor Loading 35 Hair, 2010 (Eigen values
  • 8. 8 Factor Meaning X X X X X X X X X X X X Brand Loyalty (Eigen Values) X X X X
  • 9. 9 X X X (Brand Perceived Quality) (Eigen Values) X X X X X X X X (Brand Association) (Eigen Values)
  • 13. 13 X X X X (Brand Awareness) (Eigen Values) Loyalty Purchase Intention Satisfaction Recommend Price Premium (Eigen Values) Aaker 1991 Jacoby (1971)
  • 14. 14 Allaway et al (2011) Brand enduring (Aaker and Mills, 2005) Quality Level Consistent Quality A Category Leader Popularity Aaker 1991 Aaker, 1996 Villarejo-Ramos and Sanchez-Franco
  • 15. 15 Aaker, 1996 Brand Value Brand Personality Organization Association Keller (1993) Aaker (1991) product evaluation (brand choices) Hatch and Schultz (2001) Aaker 1996
  • 16. 16 Webster and Keller Brand Recognition) (Brand Recall Top of mind Brand familiarity Keller (1993) Recall Recognize unnamed Wasburn and Plank (2002)
  • 18. 18 3.
  • 19. 19 MBA’ 19 [ ] http://www.gotomanager.com/news/details.aspx?id=49932 Aaker, D.A. (1991).Managing Brand Equity: Capitalization the Value of a Brand Name. New York: Free Press. Aaker, D.A.. (1996a).Building Strong Brand. New York: the free Press. Aaker, D.A., and Mills, M. K. (2005). Strategic Market Management. John Wiley and Sons Australia. Allaway, A. W., Huddleston, P., Whipple, J., Ellinger, A. E. (2011). Customer-based brand equity, equity drivers,
  • 20. 20 and customer loyalty in the supermarket industry. Journal of Product & Brand Management; 2011, 20 (3); 190-204. Chen, C.F., Tseng, W. S. (2010). Exploring Customer-based brand Airline brand equity: Evidence from Taiwan. Transportation Journal, Winter. Vol. 49 Issue 1, p24-34, 11p. Cochran, L.J. (1997). Sampling Techniques. New York: Wiley. Davis, D. F., Golicic, S. L and Marquardt, A. (2009). Measuring brand equity for logistics services. The International Journal of Logistics Management. Vol. 20, No. 2: 201-212. Hatch, M.J. and Schultz, M. (2001). Are the strategic signs aligned for your corporate brand?, Harvard Business review, February, 1-8. Hair, Joseph F. Jr., Black, William C., Babin, Barry J. and Anderson, Rolph E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. Seventh Edition. Helander, M.G. and Khalid, H.M. “Modeling the customer in electronic commerce”, Applied Ergonomics. 31(6): 609-619; 2000. Jacoby, J. (1971). A model of multi-brand Loyalty. Journal of Advertising Research, 11(3). 25-31. Keller, Kevin Lane. (1993). ). “Conceptualizing, Measuring., & Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity”. Journal of Marketing. January 57 : 1-22.
  • 21. 21 Lee., G. C., Leh., F. C. Yew. (2011). Dimensions of Customer-Based Brand Equity: A Study on Malaysian Brands.Journal of Marketing Research and Case Studies. Pappu, R., Quester, P. G. and Cooksey, R. W.(2006). Consumer- based brand equity; improving the measurement –empirical evidence. The Journal of product and brand management; 24. 143- 154. Peter, P. J. & Olson, J. C. (2008). Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy. (8 th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Thailand Food and Drink Report Q1. (2010). Business Monitor International Ltd. Tong X. and Hawley T.,M. (2009a). Creating brand equity in the Chinese clothing market: the Effect of selected marketing activities on brand equity dimensions. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management. 13: 566-581. Tong X. and Hawley T.,M. _. b Measuring customer – based brand equity: empirical evidence from the sportswear market in china. Journal of Product and Brand Management. April, 18 : Villarejo-Ramos, A. F. and M.J. Sanchez-Franco, 2005.‘The Impact of Marketing Communication and Price Promotion on Brand Equity.Brand Management, 12(6), pp. 431-444. Washburn, J and Plank, R. E. (2002). Measuring Brand equity: an Evaluation of a Consumer-Based Brand Equity
  • 22. 22 Scale. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice; Winter; 10. 46-62. Webster, F.E. Jr and Keller, K.L. (2004), “A roadmap for branding in industrial markets”, Brand Management, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 388-402. Yoo, B., Donthu, N. and Lee, S. (2000). An Examination of Selected marketing Mix Elements and brand equity. Academy of Marketing Science. Journal; Spring; 28. 198-211. ________________ . (2001).Developing and validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale. Journal of business Research, 25; 1-14. –