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WHAT IS A TRACHEOPHYTE (VASCULAR PLANT)?
A Land Plant (embryophyte) with:
vascular tissue (xylem & phloem)
-functions in conduction of water/sugars
TRACHEOPHYTES ALSO HAVE:
Sporophyte dominant & independent
Supportive tissue (lignified 2Ë cell walls;
sclerenchyma)
Roots
Shoots (w/ sporophytic leaves) }extant
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SECONDARY CELL WALL
- CELLULOSE + LIGNIN
-FORMS BETWEEN 1Ë CELL WALL AND
PLASMA MEMBRANE
- ADDS STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
- FOUND IN TRACHEIDS, VESSELS, FIBERS
(ALL DEAD CELLS)
LIGNIFIED SECONDARY CELL WALL
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FIBERS
¢ď˘âŻ Mechanical support
¢ď˘âŻ Occur in groups or bundles
¢ď˘âŻ Components of vascular tissues
Sclerenchyma
â˘âŻPermits the plant to attain greater stem of height
2. Sclereids
- Isodiametric to irregular
- Branched
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What is the function of tracheary elements?
In what tissue are the tracheary elements found?
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TRACHEARY
ELEMENTS
Tracheids - Imperforate Vessels - Perforate
Angiosperms (most)
Gnetales
A few Monilophytes
SIEVE ELEMENTS
Sieve cells - No sieve plates
Sieve tube members - Sieve plates
=Apomorphy of Angiosperms
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GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
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GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
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GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
13. 9/24/13
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13
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GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
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GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
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15
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GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
âBryophytesâ: Gametophyte
dominant, long-lived
BRYOPHYTES (LIVERWORTS, HORNWORTS,
MOSSES): GAMETOPHYTES ARE DOMINANT,
LONG-LIVED
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GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
Egg
(n)
Sperm
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC
("Alternation of
Generations")
SPOROPHYTE
(2n)
Embryo
(2n)
Spores
(n)
lost by reduction and modification
in the Angiosperms
and some Gnetales
Sporangium
(2n)
Archegonium
(n)
Antheridium
(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}
(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers,
Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte
(2n)
produce
Alternation of Generations: Haploid (n) & Diploid (2n) adult phases
Vascular Plants:
Sporophyte dominant, long-lived
VASCULAR PLANTS: SPOROPHYTES ARE
DOMINANT
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lateral branch
root
shoot
axillary
bud
shoot
apex
lateral
branch
node
internode
root tip
root apical
meristem
root cap
root hairs
shoot tip
shoot apical
meristem
bud
primordium
lateral roots
SPOROPHYTIC LEAVES AND SHOOTS
LeavesĂ ď
The same with
Mosses and
Liverworts?
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Lepidodendron
EXTINCT LYCOPODS
WERE TALL TREES:
MAKE UP SOME OF COAL
DEPOSITS
LYCOPODS ALIVE TODAY
ARE SMALL - ALL HAVE
LYCOPHYLLS /
MICROPHYLL
- (1 VEIN, INTERCALARY
MERISTEM)
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EXTANT LYCOPHYTES
¢ď˘âŻ Lycopodiaceae = club mosses
¢ď˘âŻ Sellaginellaceae = spike moss
¢ď˘âŻ Isoetaceae
âď⯠monotypic
Sporophylls- contain sporangium
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Lycopodiaceae
¢ď˘âŻ Homosporous
Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae
¢ď˘âŻ Heterosporous
¢ď˘âŻ Leaf ligules
¢ď˘âŻ Endosporic
âď⯠Gametophyte develops within the original spore wall
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PSILOPSIDS - E.G.,
PSILOTUM NUDUM WHISK BROOM
¢ď˘âŻ Microphylls or enations (no veins)
¢ď˘âŻ Dichotomously branched, green stems
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MARATTIALES- POLYCYCLIC
SIPHONOSTELE
MarattiaEusporangia
- Relatively large; derived from several epidermal cells;
sporangial wall surrounded by many layers of cell
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Ophioglossaceae
Ophioglossum californicum Calif. Adderâs
Tongue
fertile
sterile
LEPTOSPORANGIATE FERNS
= POLYPODIALES
Leptosporangium:
-âŻDevelops from one cell
-⯠one cell thick
-⯠spores ejected
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spor ophyte
(2n)
gametophyte
(n)
young
spor ophyte
(2n)
sperm cell
(n)
egg cell
(n)
archegonium
antheridium
spore
(n)
rhizomesori
leptosporangium
gametophyte
(n)
annulus
spores
(n)