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Wasser –
unser
Lebenselixier
Trinkwasser
Wasserkreislauf
Wasseraufbereitung
Qualitätskriterien
Trinkwasserbelastung
Wasserverbrauch
Wasserkreislauf
Etwa 2 % Süßwasser
Rest – Salz, Eis oder Dampf
Wasservolumen, ständiger
Kreislauf
Wasserkreislauf
Wasseraufbereitung
Trinkwasser – 99 % Grundwasser, Quellwasser
Haushalte – 85 % durch Wasserversorgungsanlagen
Wasser nicht einwandfrei – Behandlung mit Chlor,
Chloroxid, Ozon und UV-Strahlen
Qualitätskriterien
Sicherung der Trinkwasserqualität
Amtliche Überwachung des Trinkwassers
Anforderungen an Trinkwasser z.B.
Einwandfreier Geschmack
Klar, farblos, geruchlos
Frei von Krankheitserregern
Erhöhte Nitratwerte – Gefahr für Säuglinge
Wasser
Trinkwasserbelastung
Übermäßiges Düngen, Einsatz von
Pflanzenschutzmitteln, Schadstoffe aus Deponien,
Haushalten, Gewerbe und Industrie, Verschmutzungen
durch Unfälle Gefahr für das Trinkwasser
Trinkwasserbelastung
Regionale Probleme:
Erhöhte Nitratwerte
Erhöhte Atrazinwerte
Erhöhte Werte organischer Schadstoffe
Vereinzelt bakterielle Verunreinigungen
Wasserverbrauch
Verbrauch insgesamt:
150 Liter Wasser pro Person und Tag
Toilettenspülung, Baden und Duschen, Wäschewaschen
3 größten Wasserverbrauchsbereiche
Eigenschaften des Wassers
Siedepunkt
Gefrierpunkt
Quellvermögen
Lösungsvermögen
Wasserhärte
Ernährungsphysiologische
Bedeutung
Aufgaben im Körper
Wasserhaushalt
Aufgaben im Körper
Baustoff
Wasser – wichtigster Bestandteil
Wasserverteilung im Körper
Zellflüssigkeit, Gewebsflüssigkeit und Blut
Wärmeregler
Schweiß
Funktion im Stoffwechsel
Oxidationswasser
Wasserhaushalt
Wasserbilanz
Durchschnittliche Wasserzufuhr Durchschnittliche
Wasserausscheidung
Getränke 1,40 l Nieren 1,40 l
Speisen 0,90 l Darm 0,16 l
Oxidationswasser 0,30 l Haut 0,54 l
Lunge 0,50 l
Gesamt 2,60 l Gesamt 2,60 l
Wasserhaushalt
Regulation
Durstgefühl –
Flüssigkeitsaufnahme
Regulation –
hauptsächlich Nieren
Steuerung durch
Hormone
Mind. 700 ml/Tag
Störungen
Zunahme von
Körperflüssigkeit
Verminderung von
Körperflüssigkeit
Bluteindickung
Kreislaufversagen
Bedarf und Bedarfsdeckung
Erwachsene – täglich ca. 2,6 l
Beeinflussung des Wasserbedarfs
Alter, körperliche Tätigkeit, Klima, Gesundheitszustand,
Zusammensetzung der Nahrung
Bedarf und Bedarfsdeckung
Empfehlung:
Säuglinge
Ältere Menschen
Bei körperlicher
Anstrengung
Bei trockenem, heißen
Klima
Bei Durchfall und
Erbrechen
Bei Fieber
Erhöhte Kochsalzzufuhr
Bedarf und Bedarfsdeckung
Deckung des Flüssigkeitsbedarfs:
Mind. 1,4 l durch Getränke
Zu empfehlen - Wasser, ungesüßte Kräuter- und
Früchtetees, stark verdünnte Fruchtsäfte
Natriumarme, kalziumreiche, kohlensäurearme
Mineralwasser
Verzicht alkoholischer Getränke

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