1. IFAD in PR China Country Program Review1997-2010 Thomas Rath, Country Program Manager IFAD-international Fund for Agricultural Development Rome 15 July 2011

2. Why a country program review?

4. China’s pathway to growth and wealth – Are all on board ? Population: 1.3 billion (55% rural residents) Extraordinary economic growths since 1975: per capita income grew at 8.3 % (1981 –2005) China became world’s 2nd largest trading nation GNI per capita: USD 3,650 (in 2009) HDI: 0.541 (1980) to 0.772 (2007; rank 92) Poverty fell from 652 mill. to 135 mill. (1981-2004)Poverty fell from 65 % to 10 % of the population Inequality has increased: urban – rural ; east – west

5. China Pic of Beijing Pic of an IFAD village or Farm

6. - IFAD in China – 30 Years of rural development history

9. Key Points – IFAD’s Country program

10. Overall Rating of the Portfolio

11. Effectiveness Physical & financial delivery consistently high Targets have been met or exceeded Strong leadership of prov. PMOs Example: Outreach to women training on adult literacy School drop outs for girls Technical skills training Improved access to water and energy => more time for training & IGA Long-term impact on women’s status Figure: Proportion of Women in Agricultural Training Activities Source: Cumulative Data, Project Monitoring and evaluation systems.

12. Benchmarking Project Efficiency

13. Rural Poverty Impact Domains: 1. Household income and assets 2. Food security and Agric. Productivity 3. Human & social capital & empowerment 4. Natural resources & environment 5. Institutions & policies

14. Household Income & assets Poverty reduced from 84% (1995) to 7 % (2001) in Jiangxi Increase in income by 36.8 % in SW Anhui Investments in rural infrastructure (e.g. feeder roads, irrigation,drinking water, biogas) Rural Finance: resources in the hands of the poor farmers & women

15. Food security Grain availability: 256 to 500 kg per capita(Hubei - Qingling Mountains ) Food security: 95% in Guangxi (food sufficiency for > 12 months) Challenges: Some malnutrition among children in marginal areas (20 – 30 %)

16. Agricultural productivity Partnerships with local AgBureaus + New products (niche products, fruits), technologies (extension, terracing, irrigation) = Impact Example: W-Guangxi PAP 95% of HH increased crop production 78 % HH increased livestock production 55 % HH increased fruit tree production Gansu, Inner Mongolia & Ningxia: Cropping index increased by 200-300% to greenhouses Challenges: Variable market demand O&M in less organised villages

17. Human/Social Capital and Empowerment Empowered communities: VIG & VDP (Village Development Plan) Representation of farmers and women Dialogue with township governors Women empowerment: Literacy & health awareness Women sign their credit contracts Women specific training Women taking on their IGAs Ethnic minorities Poverty is frequent in ethnic minority areas Projects adapted measures to the needs of people (e.g. training in ethnic language)

18. Innovations, replications & scaling up GoC (2006) : “Innovation through introduction of useful new international experience is the most valuable role of IFAD in China” Participation of men & women Project Management : modular approach Extension: on-farm demonstration with poor farmers; Technical envoy - TE Agriculture: intercropping Rural energy: Biogas Market access: farmer cooperative Rural Finance: new lending products, Weather index insurance

19. Innovations in Agriculture Continuous work on introduction of new products, technologies and approaches 2 Examples: intercropping of cowpea and potatoes: - Increased land use efficiency - Soil fertility Technical envoy: extension service model based on demand

22. COSOP 1999 Centered on an integrated multi-sector approach for rural development VAM helped targeting the main poverty pockets (12 provinces) Partnership with WFP (5 loans) was effective: FFW & FFT Key decision: Microfinance was introduced through formal rural banks (RCC) to support agriculture & women IGA Working through dedicated VIG – for participation, targeting and gender

23. COSOP 2005 2 thrusts: Access and innovations Strong relevance Innovations: Modular approach, TE and organic farming Strong: reinforcement of gender focus Modest : organics, market access, NRM Modest achievements in institutional building and policy reform Innovation thrust has not gained much traction Systematic approach to KM to capture innovations was missing

24. Reducing poverty in China - summary Strong government commitment & resources & policies Targeting Participation of the poor – VIG Women at the centre Focus on diversified agriculture Combination of sectors (ag-rf-social-infrastructure) Innovation & KM

25. The way forward COSOP 2011 IFAD’s comparative advantage in China (MIC) Targeting approach Identifying and disseminating innovation is key Improve the “E” in M&E KM & South-South cooperation Coherent partnerships (government, NGO and private sector) Increase role of country presence

26. THANK YOU 谢谢