Vision for a Renewable Scotland: Are We All Better Together? | Iain Staffell
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Animal Husbandry | Colin Burton
1. Greenhouse gas emissions
in animal husbandry
Colin BURTON
ICARB Agricultural Workshop
Glasgow Caledonian University
7th June 2011
2. • Impacts from the management of wastes
• Treatment options and abatement techniques
• Measuring emissions
• The way forward : whole farm strategies
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3. Livestock production in Europe
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4. Potential environmental impact
Ozone Global warming
depletion pathogens
ammonia Acidification
nitrous oxide
odours methane
BOD
phosphorus
nitrates Nutrient overload
Disease
Soil contamination
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5. The main gases from animal manure
• Methane G
• Nitrous oxide G O
• Carbon dioxide G
• Ammonia A
G Greenhouse gas (global warming)
A Linked to acid rain
O Depletion of ozone in stratosphere
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7. Livestock agriculture and pollution
82% 29% 7%
Ammonia Methane Dust (PM10)
52% 18%
Nitrous oxide Water pollution
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8. • Treatment options and abatement techniques
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9. Sources of emission
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10. Spreading strategies
Location Weather
N P
Quantities Timing and season
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11. Aerobic treatment of liquid effluent
• Removal of up to 100% of the organic
matter as BOD5
• (Pig slurry) Removal of up to 40% of
organic matter as COD
• Removal of offensive odours;
stabilisation for 2 to 3 months
• Removal of up to 100% of the
ammoniacal nitrogen
• Temperatures up to 70oC; some removal
of pathogens
• Improved and quicker settlement of
suspended matter
Biological process
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12. N2O emissions during aerobic treatment
2 jours
20 jours
• Residence time : 2 et 20 jours
• Dosing cycle : every hour
• Systeme : CSTR (continous stirred tank reactor
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13. Anaerobic digestion
• Removal of up to 100% of the BOD5
organic matter as methane & CO2
• Some reduction in offensive odours;
some stabilisation
• No change in the level of ammoniacal
nitrogen
• Some reduction of some pathogens
• Up to 80% of the bio-gas produced may
be required for slurry heating
• Fugitive emissions of methane
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14. What can AD achieve?
• Biogas production
• Lower demand for fossil fuel
• Avoid subsequent CH4 production
• Odour abatement
• Reduction of organic load
• Reduction in some disease
organisms
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15. What AD can’t achieve?
• Effect the nitrogen content
• Effect the phosphorous content
• Sterilisation of the manure
• Removal of heavy metals
• Effluent safe for release to the
river
• To pay for itself without external
help
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16. Treatment of emissions to air
Filters
Adsorption
Cyclones
Ozone UV
Biofilters Incineration Scrubbing
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17. • Measuring emissions
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21. • The way forward : whole farm strategies
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22. Which technology to cut emissions?
NH
N2O 3
NH3
NH3
NO3
-
Importance of the « whole farm » approach
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23. Mass balance concepts
Emissions to air
CH4, N2O, N2, CO2, H2O, SO2 etc.
A B
C
Wastes and effluents Any manure treatment system
from farm
Bio-gas for heat
or electricity
E
Accumulation within system D
Exported
F manure products
E1 Composts, dried
E2
Land-spreading solids, sludges etc..
Discharge to
Crop products surface water
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24. Any questions ?
After 4 hours of wandering, some began to wonder if the
project leader really did know the way to the restaurant
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