Situation Dänemark

The State Archives consist of 6 institutions found here www.sa.dkODA – Organization of Danish Archives consist of abt 50 – 60 including ”theme archives”. Many ofthe ODA-archives are public archives run by a municipality.Denmark also has a large number of private, local archicves often run by volunteersIn general – archival institutions – especially the larger city- and municipality archives areincreasingly getting a broader view on what ”being an archive” means. In 2008, we had a large”Heritage 2.0” conference http://arkivformidling.wordpress.com/20-og-kulturarven/ and a ”23-things”-course have been conducted i 2010. It did not have 23 – only 10 ”things” though.Right now we´re seing a lot of interesting projects. There are projects for schools and for otherspecific target groups. Projects, that are heritage projects and could just as well have been done by amuseumMobile and AR are emerging – and one of the interestning archives to check out would be Køge CityArchives at http://koegearkiverne.dk/. They have been experimenting for long e.g. with geo-caching,and recently launched the first archival-AR-project for schools, http://kanonenitelefonen.dk/. Thecontent is very closely connected with the national curriculum. •3

About 27 archives have a prescence on social networking sites at the present.This may not be much out of an archival landscape with about 50 – 60 larger or medium sizedarchives, so there is room for further development.Most archives have only one prescence – Facebook, and most of the archives also have less than500 likes.Using social networking sites is uninteresting, if it is not social. We need contacts (”likers”,”followers” etc.) – but we also need content, that is of mutual interest. With inspiration from thereport ”Let´s get Real” from Culture24 (http://weareculture24.org.uk/projects/action-research/), Ihave tried to measure IPM of Danish archives on Facebook, using the free Danish tool http://page-analyzer.dk/, that will give insight one month back. Another recommendable tool ishttp://www.museum-analytics.org/ which also accept archives.Being on Facebook, and posting content is not enough, we have to evaluate and measure, if anyonecares what we post. Is it liked, commented or shared? If not - there is room for improvement in thequality of content, the frequency of posting, activities carried out etc. •5

The ”marketing approach” doesn´t work that well for us ☺What do work is talk about out digital services and sharing original content •6

It´s not, that we´re doing everything right at The State Archives (none of us are) – but l will sharethis – our most popular post ever.It is a church record, a young man who ”died from masturbation, from which he could not obstain,allthough all remedies were used”.Why was this post popular? Apart from the fact, that something to do with sex may allways beinteresting.- The users became engaged (they helped each other read, and interpret the post)- The content was interesting from a cultural point of view- The content gave a very clear and and concrete example of moral in the 19th. Century- It was an example on ”how to find more” in a type of record, that many users use frequently- It describes – with a few scentences – a sad fate of a real person all can feel connected to- The post acknowledged and hightlighted the find of a real-life user. (i.e. the post was not found bythe archives) •7

Some Danish archives use Flickr at the moment.None are yet on Flickr Commons, and a common charachteristic is, that most have their itemscopyrighted.There is an ongoing debate in Denmark at the moment about copyright. One element is, that archivalmaterial may contain photos etc. that are ”works of art” or the like, and therefore subject tocopyright on behalf of the original producer.Another discussion is wheter or not an institution can or should claim a ”copyright” for something,which could also be argued to be in Public Domain. Is it fair to try and claim a ”copyright”, if we scana record, which is eg.180 years old, or more? There are two strong positions, one for an openattitude and one for a more traditional view on the issue. The latter also partly based on the wish tosell copies of pictures etc.So, right now, not many archives uses CC licensingFor now, State Archives use Attribution, Non Commercial, Share Alike as main license. •8

Just as with Facebook, it is necessary to monitor and keep track of acitivities related to our Flickr-precenses.Let me again share an example from the Danish State Archives. Our most viewed pictures – apartfrom old maps - either have a root in something newsworthy (such as images from the Titanic, inapril 2012) or they are part of an activity, such as the set on inventions, to which a new photo wasadded each Wednesday, as part of an activity on Facebook and Twitter.In general, there is much room for improvement when using Flickr, both for us and other institutions.Most archives do not tag their pictures or submit them to relevant groups. Both are crucial aspects ofusing the social photosite. •9

As is seen on the slide, several archives also use Twitter – but very much on-and-off, and most noton a regular basis. However, Danish archives do participate in various Twitter-events, such as”askarchivists day” and the like. A number of archives got started on Twitter in order to participate inevents of this kind.The content on YouTube is at the present scarce, with the archives in Køge and State Archives asexceptions. There is probably no doubt, that there is room for much more in this field: film onspecific topics, films used for guidance (e.g. for other to embed too) as well as ”news-films” andsimilar.Apart from the services mentioned, individual archives use and try various platforms, that they findappealing and useful. Aalborg City Archives, which besides Køge Archives is also worth watching, is –as the only archive up to now - trying out Instagram http://web.stagram.com/n/aalborg_stadsarkiv/.The State Archives has launched a livestreaming channel on bambuserhttp://bambuser.com/channel/Statens+Arkiver and is also trying issuu for anual reports etc.http://issuu.com/statens_arkiver/docs/aarsberetning_for_statens_arkiver_2011 •10

So – in short, this could sum up the topic ”Archives and social” at the present in Denmark.Usage of social networking sites is mostly Facebook, the number of likers are around 500, and weoften tend to focus a lot on the institution. Either by trying to market physical activites and products,or by promoting examples from the collections. But there are other ways of using the ressources. Forinstance, Aalborg City Archives – picking up on a popular trend - created a FB-page with the title”You can only call yourself a true aalborgian, when you know that…”. What people where supposed toknow was pieces of local history trivia, posted by both the archive and the users of the page. Thepage (which is no longer in regular use) gained about twice as many likers as the page, focused onthe institution (https://www.facebook.com/pages/Man-kan-kun-kalde-sig-en-%C3%A6gte-aalborgenser-n%C3%A5r-man-ved-at/120102034679274?fref=ts )And interesting aspect is however to recognize, that there may be a lot of other groups, pages etc.that deal with the topics people use archives for: genealogy, old photos, local history etc. Why dowe not participate much more here, or try to establish prescences around topics, that people findrelevant?A thought: Are we i fact using the ”social web” to build new silo´s for the institutions more than weuse it to become more social? •11

Sharing is an other trend, that is important among Danish heritage institutions right now. Manyarchives have databeses etc. available on the web. For instance, one of the online-services from TheState Archives is a large site with more than 18 milllion documents online, free to search and use.However, this is not the kind of service, I mean by ”sharing”.We are used to think, that when we make records digitally available, the user in the other end ishuman. This is changing rapidly, and the user, can just as well be a, application – a machine – withits own endusers. This is a situation, which heritage institutions must be preparing for. In october2012 the first Danish hackathon on cultural heritage was hosted by the Danish Heritage Agency, TheRoyal Library, The Danish State Archives and The National Museum of Denmark. After a line ofignite-talks about creative commons, wikipedia, free online ressources for schools, crowdsourcing etc.the actual hacking took place over 2 days. The institutions presented datasets, that were ”hackable”,and a number of developers created new services and presentations from the content. The tumblr ofthe event has much more information http://hack4dk.tumblr.com/ as does the team Code United,who won the hackathon, using data from the Danish Heritage Agency.http://kulturognaturreise.wordpress.com/2012/11/12/winning-a-hackathon-whats-next/We have to set our content much more free – and provide open API´s and webservices to whateverstuff we publish.´This may be a particular challenge for archives, because many of us werefrontrunners in getting stuff ”on the internet”. So we have databases and ressources build foranother generation, where genuine sharing hadn´t really been invented yet. In order to makecontent both finable, shareable and nerdfriendly for reuse, there is a large task ahead. •12

Danish archives are no strangers to crowdsourcing. In fact, archives have been crowdsourcing on alarge scale for several years, in most types of institutions. The picture shows the recent 20ieth”birthday” of the project, that has resulted in Danish Demographical Database -http://www.ddd.dda.dk/More pictures from the event – which among other things involved a huge birthdaycake with candlesa census imprinted on it – can be found at the State Archives´ Flickrhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/statensarkiver/sets/72157631961168962/with/8166807867/DDD is a free, online database, which contains more than 15 million usergenerated posts. At therecent reception the two ”supercrowsourcers” were congratulated - Lotte keyed in all 1.044.280posts, where as Erik proofread 1.172.256 posts. An awsome – but far from being the only - exampleof collaboration between archives and their users. •13

Many archives have activities in community- or crowdsourcing, and more are on their way.These are just examples of recent, or ongoing projects. •14

One of the archives who have conducted major projects with more that 1. mio posts, is theCopenhagen City Archives.The ”Politiets Registerblade” at http://www.politietsregisterblade.dk/ was inititated by a group ofgenealogical societies, and started as collaboration between the societies and the archives.The goal was to digitize, index (and transscribe) a registration of copenhageners, carried out by thepolice fra 1893 – 1923, when social security index was established.For the first time, an archive also did a survey and a report to investigate, what motivates peoplewho participate in a crowdsourcing project. A slide fra the presentation of the full report is athttp://www.slideshare.net/politietsregisterblade/christa-brnd-manto-evaluering-af-politietsregisterbladedk-ved-etnolog-christa-brnd? . Interesting findings were, amon other tings, thatit is the topic or the project, that motivates. Not the chance to ”help” a public institution, such as anarchive. The volunteers like to use the archives (mostly for genealogy) and are very motivated by thechance to help others with an interest, that is similar to their own.So, in crowdsourcing, we need to stand on common ground with the users, respect and acknowledgemotivations and approach for each other. We need to collaborate and facilitate. •15

a) This goes for most heritage institutions We are not at all good enough at creating a connection between online/onsite, and especially not at doing it in realtimeb) There ate still lots of things to be tested, when it comes to guidance. For instance - no danish archives are using or testing technologies like chat, skype or hangouts yetc) Crowdsourcing is becoming more and more of a strategy for making records more accesible – indexed, transcribed etc. But it is also becomming the basis of a new – much more equal – relationship between archives and their users. This challenges the way, we ususally percieve ourselves as institutions.d) The nerdfriendliness may be about to become a mantra for heritage institutions – not only archives. There is a strong focus on the need of open API´s and webservicese) Not many archives have mobile offers, and when they do, it is often ifo-apps like ”Document of the Day etc”. It is necessary to combine mobile and social in new ways – for instance concering scanning, photos, transcribing and thus bringing on and offline together. Another element is, that archival services need to be responsive, so that users are able to access them via a larger variety of devices. •16

Thanks a lot for your attentionSorry it´s not in German ☺ •17

Situation Dänemark

von Charlotte S H Jensen am 25. November 2012

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