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Björn Brembs
Universität Regensburg
http://brembs.net
“operant”

“classical”
Press

Lever

Tone

Food

Food
Eric Kandel
US
p

UR

a

CS

CS/US convergence

UR
Before:

After:

US

CS

UR

pre-synapse
post-synapse

AP Broadening:
a pre-synaptic mechanism
UR

US
AP-Broadening

CS

Molecular CS/US
convergence point
(coincidence
detection)
Press

Lever

Food
Behavioral variability in a constant stimulus situation:
Actions, not responses
Generate spontaneous actions (trying out)
Shape behavior by evaluating sensory feedbac
Action – Outcome Evaluation
Torque

operant
self
Colors

classical
world

Heat
Aplysia
(Mollusks)

Nt

rutabaga
cAMP

Drosophila
(Arthropods)

Mouse
(Chordates)

Longterm
memory

PKA

CREB
> 530 Mya

DNA
CRE

Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Modified from: "Comparative psychology: Evolution and
development of behavior" (2nd Edition, Psychology Press, 2008)
rut-AC dependent
Synaptic Plasticity

Protein
Kinase C

Torque

Colors

Heat

world
rut2080 wtb

HS noHS
PKCi PKCi

Torque

self
Heat
rut2080 wtb
Brembs & Plendl (2008)

HS noHS
PKCi PKCi
Torque

Heat
Jack Byrne

Romuald Nargeot
Generate spontaneous actions (trying out)
Nargeot &
Simmers, 2012
Shape behavior by evaluating sensory feedbac
Nargeot R and Simmers J (2012) Functional organization and adaptability of a decision-making
network in Aplysia. Front. Neurosci. 6:113. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00113
Brembs et al. (2002)
Brembs et al. (2002)
Brembs et al. (2002)
Brembs et al. (2002)
Lorenzetti et al. (2008)
Nargeot &
Simmers, 2012
Nargeot R and Simmers J (2012) Functional organization and adaptability of a decision-making
network in Aplysia. Front. Neurosci. 6:113. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00113
Nargeot R and Simmers J (2012) Functional organization and adaptability of a decision-making
network in Aplysia. Front. Neurosci. 6:113. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00113
AFTER BEFORE

Nargeot &
Simmers, 2012
Nargeot &
Simmers, 2012
PKC involved in self-motion
learning
Rochefort C, Arabo A, André M, Poucet B, Save E, Rondi-Reig L. (2011) Science
334(6054):385-389
Aplysia
(Mollusks)

Drosophila
(Arthropods)

Mouse
(Chordates)

> 530 Mya
Generate spontaneous actions (trying out)
Shape behavior by evaluating sensory feedbac
FoxP2

Action – Outcome Evaluation
Torque

self
Colors

Heat

world

Torque

self
Heat

WT

FoxP

RNAi

ctrl.
(to E.O. Wilson in 1987)

“The only genetic
contribution providing
a behavioral disposition
is bringing the vocal
musculature under
operant control”
E.O. Wilson and B.F. Skinner: A Dialogue Between Sociobiology and Radical Behaviorism (Developments in Primatology:
Progress and Prospects), Springer, 2009, Paul Naour
Nt
Type II cyclase

PKC

Humans/mice/birds
(Chordates)

Drosophila
(Arthropods)

cAMP

PKA
FoxP
DNA

???
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

> 530 Mya

Aplysia
(Mollusks)
Why have more than one
learning system?
Training

Test

turning

composite:
turning + color
Training

Test
Self-Learning Test

WT

composite:
turning + color

MB

Impaired
turning

WT
16min
OK

OK
Training

Test
Self-Learning Test

WT

WT
16min

MB

Impaired

OK

OK

turning

World-Learning Test

WT

WT
16min

OK

Impaire Impaire
d
d

composite:
turning + color

color

MB
Training

Test
Self-Learning Test

WT 8min
Impaired

WT
16min

OK

habit formation

turning

MB

OK

World-Learning Test

WT 8min
composite:
turning + color

OK
color

WT
16min

MB

Impaire
Impaired
d
Training

Test
Self-Learning Test

WT 8min
Impaired

WT

FoxP

16min

16min

OK

Impaired

turning

World-Learning Test

WT 8min
composite:
turning + color

OK
color

WT
16min

MB

Impaire
Impaired
d
Training

Test
Self-Learning Test

WT 8min
Impaired

WT
16min

MB 8min

OK

OK

turning

World-Learning Test

WT 8min
composite:
turning + color

OK
Brembs, 2009

WT
16min

MB 8min

Impaired Impaired
MB247 or 17D
driving TNT

color
Brembs (2009) Curr Biol
Colomb & Brembs (2010) Commun Integr
Biol
Brembs (2010) Proc Roy Soc
Brembs (2011) Behav Proc
FoxP PCR: Ezequiel Mendoza and Constance Scharff (FU Berlin).
FoxP mutants: Troy Zars, University of Missouri-Columbia.
16 minutes training

2 minutes test
Modified from: Lorenzetti FD, Baxter DA,
Byrne JH (2008): Molecular mechanisms
underlying a cellular analog of operant
reward learning. Neuron 59(5):815-28.

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Pavlovian and Skinnerian Processes are Genetically Separable