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Biodiesel 101  & Technical Overview   National Biodiesel Board Technician Outreach Program  February 2010
After today’s session, you will be able to do the following: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel Driving Forces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why People Want Biodiesel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],National Biodiesel Board
Why make biodiesel? Diesel fuel injectors are not designed for viscous fuels like vegetable oil Glycerin (thick) Biodiesel
Biodiesel Defined ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Beware of  Biodiesel Imposters! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is Biodiesel?? Ethanol—NO! Raw Veg Oil—NO! “ Bio-Willie” Yes, but not from marijuana oil!
Ethanol is not Biodiesel!!! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel Raw Materials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Potential New Sources National Biodiesel Board Brown Grease Etc. Brassica Juncea Low Ricin Castor Algae Seashore Mallow Jatropha
Transesterification  (the biodiesel reaction) Fatty Acid Chain Glycerol Methanol  (or Ethanol) One triglyceride molecule is converted into three mono alkyl ester (biodiesel) molecules Biodiesel Triglyceride
Biodiesel Reaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Biodiesel (100 lbs.) + Glycerin (10 lbs.) In the presence of a catalyst Combining Yields
Important Biodiesel Parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Biodiesel Infrastructure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel Pump Labeling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel Production Locations Represent ~ 80% of biodiesel production volume in U.S.
B100--Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel  Performance Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Enhanced Lubricity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1-2% 66% Improvement
Cleaner emissions * http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/npbf/pdfs/38296.pdf Emission Type B100 B20 B2 Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20% -2.2% Carbon Monoxide -48% -12% -1.3% Particulate Matter -47% -12% -1.3% Oxides of Nitrogen (NO X ) +10% +/-2%* +.2%
B100 Blending    Component Specification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],D6751-08 Requirements McCormick, R.L, Westbrook, S.R.  “Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends”  Standardization News , page 28, April 2007
ASTM Biodiesel Specs Now Approved ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BQ 9000 Quality Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ASTM D 6751 is CRITICAL BQ 9000 is becoming a given
Spec Grade B20 and Lower ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Going over B20 requires caution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cold Flow Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
In specification B100
Out of spec B100:  High raw oil
Biodiesel Handling and Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Engine to Fuel System  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Operational issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel and Exhaust  After-Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
New Diesel Technology -2010
DPF:  Balance Point Temp -  Regeneration Rate Results BPT ULSD 360 ºC B20 320ºC B100 250ºC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
B20 vs. Diesel:  In the shop ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What could I see in a Diesel Fuel Filter? Diesel Oxidation or Aphaltenes Diesel Fuel Paraffin wax
What could I see in a Diesel Fuel Filter? Water saturated filter paper Other contaminants like water and sediment or microbial contamination
What could I see that’s different than normal Diesel Fuel Filters? Partial reaction products  from off specification biodiesel or imposter biodiesel
Filter Biodiesel plant Filter Filter Oil Filter Filter Filtration
OEM Support for Biodiesel Blends
OEM Warranty Statements and Biodiesel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OEMs Supporting B20
Other OEM Biodiesel Positions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OEM Biodiesel Blend Approvals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Truck Market ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legislative Incentives for Biodiesel:  RFS-2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
State Biodiesel Legislation: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NBB Resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Technical overview of biodiesel

  • 1. Biodiesel 101 & Technical Overview National Biodiesel Board Technician Outreach Program February 2010
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Why make biodiesel? Diesel fuel injectors are not designed for viscous fuels like vegetable oil Glycerin (thick) Biodiesel
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. What is Biodiesel?? Ethanol—NO! Raw Veg Oil—NO! “ Bio-Willie” Yes, but not from marijuana oil!
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Potential New Sources National Biodiesel Board Brown Grease Etc. Brassica Juncea Low Ricin Castor Algae Seashore Mallow Jatropha
  • 12. Transesterification (the biodiesel reaction) Fatty Acid Chain Glycerol Methanol (or Ethanol) One triglyceride molecule is converted into three mono alkyl ester (biodiesel) molecules Biodiesel Triglyceride
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.  
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Biodiesel Production Locations Represent ~ 80% of biodiesel production volume in U.S.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. Cleaner emissions * http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/npbf/pdfs/38296.pdf Emission Type B100 B20 B2 Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20% -2.2% Carbon Monoxide -48% -12% -1.3% Particulate Matter -47% -12% -1.3% Oxides of Nitrogen (NO X ) +10% +/-2%* +.2%
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. ASTM D 6751 is CRITICAL BQ 9000 is becoming a given
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 31. Out of spec B100: High raw oil
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39. What could I see in a Diesel Fuel Filter? Diesel Oxidation or Aphaltenes Diesel Fuel Paraffin wax
  • 40. What could I see in a Diesel Fuel Filter? Water saturated filter paper Other contaminants like water and sediment or microbial contamination
  • 41. What could I see that’s different than normal Diesel Fuel Filters? Partial reaction products from off specification biodiesel or imposter biodiesel
  • 42. Filter Biodiesel plant Filter Filter Oil Filter Filter Filtration
  • 43. OEM Support for Biodiesel Blends
  • 44.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. So what is biodiesel? It is not your hillbilly in Kentucky with a still (that’s ethanol, not biodiesel). It’s not pouring Mazola into your engine (that’s raw vegetable oil which has a much higher viscosity and will cause a variety of engine problems). It IS “Bio-Willie”. I’m sure you’ve heard of Willie Nelson and Neil Young (pictured), and what they do is biodiesel, as long as its not from marijuana oil….at least until marijuana is legalized!
  2. One thing that should be emphasized throughout this training, is the difference between ethanol and biodiesel. Ethanol is NOT biodiesel. Ethanol is made from fermenting the whole corn kernel to ethanol. It is only intended for spark-ignited or gasoline applications since ethanol has good octane, but poor cetane and zero lubricity. A term that some people are using in the industry regarding ethanol is “drink the best and burn the rest”!. Raw ethanol in diesel fuel can severely damage diesel engines due to its poor lubricity and lack of blending with diesel fuel. So—ethanol is NOT biodiesel. When you are thinking about biodiesel, put ethanol out of your mind. This is one of the points we would like to bring across with this training.
  3. Note 2006 and 2007 Quality Surveys