Presented by Philippe Lemperiere (IWMI) at the LIVES Research Planning Workshop, Addis Ababa, 26-28 March 2013

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Irrigated agriculture: Areas of research for
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development
Philippe Lemperiere (IWMI)
LIVES Research Planning Workshop
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 26-28 March 2013

2. Research areas
1. Participatory rapid diagnosis and action planning
(PRDA)
2. Water productivity and water use efficiency
3. Market-oriented cropping systems and livestock
integration
4. Comparative institutional analysis – WUAs
5. Value chains analysis

3. 1. PRDA
Why
To test a method / tool for demand-led extension service
Activities (action research – extension approach)
1. Action training of extension staffs
2. Participatory performance assessment – comparison –
constraints characterization
3. Constraints identification and characterization
4. Design and implementation of interventions
5. M & E of interventions – CBA
Output
Extension staffs trained to PRDA and more aware of factors
influencing irrigation performance / PRDA manual
Outcome
Increased capacity of extension services, dissemination of PRDA

4. 2. Water productivity & water use efficiency
Why
How good/bad is WP ? How to increase WP for crops and
livestock?
Diagnosis research
1. Assessment of WP, comparison across irrigated areas
Action research
1. Design and test water conservation and water allocation
interventions
2. M&E, CBA.
Outputs
1. Better knowledge on WP, constraints and opportunities
2. Interventions to increase WP are validated / discarded
Outcomes : documentation and dissemination of outputs

5. 2. Water productivity & water use efficiency
Examples of action-research activities
Water conservation
• Maintenance, upgrading of canals (reduce conveyance
losses)
• Modernization: water control and partition structures,
• On-farm water management, drip & sprinkler irrigation
• Use of crop residues for livestock
• On-farm water storage + pumps
• Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater + pumps
Water allocation
• Irrigation scheduling – equity issues
• Introduction of fodder – livestock integration
• Water management at watershed level
• Multiple use of water

6. 3. Market-oriented cropping systems &
crops / livestock integration
Why
How to improve farmers technologies and practices to better
respond to market taking into account agronomic and
environmental constraints & opportunities?
Activities (action – research)
1. Assessment of constraints/opportunities of market-oriented
2. Test promising improved practices and technologies
3. M&E – CBA
Outputs
1. Improved technologies & practices tested and validated
2. Leaflets, manuals
Outcomes
Dissemination within and beyond LIVES zones

7. 3. Market-oriented cropping systems &
crops / livestock integration
Examples of research-action activities
• Diversification and specialization, staggered planting :
market opportunities and mitigation strategy
• Test of new varieties
• Leguminous and forage: relay cropping, intercropping
• Organic fertilization, timing and quantity of fertilizers
application
• Planting hays, insect traps, pheromones ? Biological control ?
• Timing and quantity of pesticides application
• On-farm or group-based production of insecticides
• Equipments for grading (potato, tomato)
• Equipments for weeding

8. 4. Comparative analysis of institutions - WUAs
Why
Which type(s) organization are best suited for irrigation and
watershed management and recover irrigation cost?
Activities (action research)
1. Review of international experience WUAs & IMT
2. Comparative assessment of challenges and achievements
3. Design, test and support to organizational innovations
4. M&E: social, technical, financial sustainability
Outputs
1. Policy guidelines for establishment and operation of WUAs
2. Guidelines for monitoring and CB of WUAs, plan interventions
3. Guidelines on cost recovery; capacity & willingness to pay
Outcomes
Dissemination and use of guidelines

9. 4. Comparative analysis of institutions - WUAs
Examples of diagnosis and research action-activities
• Membership issues (compulsory vs voluntary, criteria, rate)
• Linkages of WUAs with coops or marketing groups
• Water rights and negotiation process
• By-laws, internal rules and regulations; enforcement
• Conflict resolution mechanisms
• Mechanisms for assessing and collection the ISF
• Cost recovery issues and farmers’ capacity to pay
• Farmers’ willingness to pay
• Effectiveness of water distribution and maintenance work
• Budgeting, book keeping, record keeping

10. 5. Value chains analysis
Why
How does value chains of fruits and vegetables look like?
How the value is added and shared along the VC links ?
What are the rules and procedures, behaviors, level of
information of VC actors?
Activities (action and impact research)
Mapping VCs of selected commodities beginning of project
Create linkages, strengthening coop and marketing groups
Mapping VCs at the end of project
Outcomes
Comparative assessments of VCs
Impact assessment of LIVES interventions
Outputs: dissemination of lessons learnt

11. 6. Impact assessment
Why
To measure impacts of LIVES interventions
Activities (impact research
1. Collect complementary / specific baseline data
2. Participatory impact assessment and measure impacts
against indicators
Outcomes
Impact assessment of LIVES interventions
Policy recommendations
Outputs
Dissemination of lessons learnt.

12. Commodities by zones
Vegetables Fruits
Amhara
N. Gonder x x Garlic / banana
S. Wollo x x Onion, tomato, pepper / mango
W. Gojam x Potato, onion, pepper
Tigray
Eastern xx Onion, tomato, potato,garlic, pepper, cabbage
Central xx x Same veg as Eastern / orange
Oromia
W. Shoa x x Potato / banana
E. Shoa xx Tomato, onion
Jimma x Potato
SNNPR
Gamo Gofa xx bananas, mango
Sidama

13. Thank you