Frankfurt Zoological Society conducted alternative routes connecting Northern Tanzania - two southern routes vs crossing through Serengeti in the north. The data show the advantages of surrounding Serengeti National Park via a southern route instead crossing.

1. Connecting Northern Tanzania
A socio-economic comparison of the
alternative routes for a highway from Arusha
to Musoma
by Frankfurt Zoological Society
J. Grant C. Hopcraft (May, 2011)

2. Tanzania’s Road Network & New Alternative Routes

3. Three Alternative Routes

4. Three Alternative Routes

5. Three Alternative Routes

6. Elevation and Distance: North Route

7. Elevation and Distance: North Route
Total distance: 548 km
Elevation change: 1537 m

8. Elevation and Distance: Eyasi Route

9. Elevation and Distance: Eyasi Route
Total distance: 628 km
Elevation change: 674 m

10. Elevation and Distance: Mbulu Route

11. Elevation and Distance: Mbulu Route
Total distance: 692 km
Elevation change: 1099 m

12. Elevation and Distance: Summary

13. Elevation and Distance: Summary
• shortest distance
• greatest elevation
1537 m 548 km gain
• too steep for oil /
gas pipelines or
railways
674 m 628 km • least elevation
gain
• longest distance
1099 m 692 km

14. Current Conditions

15. Current Conditions North Route is shortest, but requires the
most amount of new pavement (i.e. most
expensive)
Proposed Total Km Km Km Km Km of new
Route Currently Currently Currently pavement
Paved All‐Seasonal Seasonal required
Murum Tracks or No
Road
North
Route 547.8 119.5 219.7 208.6 428.2
South
Eyasi 628.3 296.0 83.1 249.3 332.4
South
Mbulu 691.5 288.5 132.2 270.8 402.9

16. Estimated Travel Times

17. Estimated Travel Times North Route is shorter distance, but would
be longer travel time
Total Km inside Total Km outside Total
Proposed
Total Km Protected Areas (50 Protected Areas (80 Travel
Route
km/hr speed limit) km/hr speed limit) Time
North 7.9
Route 547.8 151.1 396.6
hours
South 7.8
Eyasi 628.3 0 628.3
hours
South 8.6
Mbulu 691.5 0 691.5
hours

18. Human Density

19. Human Density
• fewest number of
people
• connects very few
high human density
areas (ie red bars)

20. Voter Population

21. Voter Population
• fewest number of
voters

22. Economic Activity

23. Economic Activity
• fewest number of
economically active
people
• connects the least
number of economic
hubs (red bars)

24. Total Number of Unemployed

25. Total Number of Unemployed
• largest unemployment
in the south
• number of unemployed
people on South Mbulu
route is almost equal to
total number of people on
North route

26. School Aged Children (5-19 years old)

27. School Aged Children (5-19 years old)
• greatest number of
school aged children in
the south
• many centres with
large numbers of
school aged children
(red bars)

28. Access to Agriculture

29. Access to Agriculture
• twice as much agriculture / km2
• mainly herbaceous crops sold at
local markets (and some cash crops)
Area under agriculture per km of road
50
45 Tree / Shrub Crops
40 Herbaceous Crops
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
South Mbulu South Eyasi North Route

30. Livestock Density

31. Livestock Density
• three times as many livestock than
northern route
70000
Total number of Livestock within 20km of route
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
South Mbulu South Eyasi North Route

32. Future Agriculture: Rainfall

33. Future Agriculture: Rainfall
• highest annual rainfall

34. Future Agriculture: Soil Quality

35. Future Agriculture: Soil Quality
• high average soil fertility
but low rainfall

36. Biodiversity & Conservation Issues

37. Wildebeest Migration: Wet Season

38. Wildebeest Migration: Wet to Dry Transition

39. Wildebeest Migration: Dry Season

40. Threatened Species: Rhino and Wild dog

41. Letter from Tanzania’s Ministry of Natural
Resources and Tourism (22, June 2011)
1) The proposed road will not dissect the
Serengeti National Park
2) TANAPA will maintain jurisdiction of all
roads in the Serengeti for tourism and
administration only (not commercial traffic)
3) New paved roads to address the socio-
economic needs of rural communities will not
be adjacent to the park (122 km of
ecologically sensitive area between Loliondo
and Mugumu will be left)
4) The Government of Tanzania is
considering the construction of a route south
of the park (many donors including the
World Bank and the German Government
have already offered support)

42. Sources of Data
Elevation: NASA SRTM Digital Elevation Model
Human demography: Tanzania Bureau of Statistics
Livestock: FAO Gridded Livestock of the World 2007
Agriculture, Crops & Rainfall: FAO AfriCover
Soil: World Harmonized Soil Data base
Maps: Frankfurt Zoological Society and Tanzania National Parks

43. THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM
Telegrams: "MALIASILI" P.O. Box 9372
DAR ES SALAAM DAR ES SALAAM
Telephone: 255 22 21 11063
Fax: 255 22 2123158
On reply please quote:
Ref. NO. EA.297?593/01/20 22"d June 201 1
Director,
World Heritage Centre,
7, Place de Fontenoy
75352 Paris 07 SP,
FRANCE
Re: STATE OF CONSERVATION OF SERENGETI NATIONAL PARK
The United Republic of Tanzania is honored to take this opportunity to clarify on the proposed
tarmac road in northern Tanzania.
The proposed road will be constructed in two sections:
(i) The eastern stretch of 214 km tarmac road which will be constructed from Mto wa Mbu to
Loliondo,
(ii) The western stretch tarmac road that will be constructed from Makutano-Natta-Mugumu, a
distance of 117 km. The stretch of 12 km from Mugumu to the Serengeti National Park western
border plus a corresponding stretch of 57.6 km from Loliondo to Serengeti National Park
eastern border will not be tannac. The 53 km section traversing Serengeti National Park will
remain gravel road and continue to be managed by TANAPA mainly for tourism and
administrative purposes as it is currently.
In view of this intended plan of constsuction, the State Party confirms that the proposed road will
not dissect the Serengeti National Park and therefore will not affect the migration and
conservation values of the Property. The ongoing ESIA will take into consideration these
developments and will be submitted to WHC accordingly.
This decision has been reached in order to address the increasing socio-economic needs of the
rural communities in Northern Tanzania while safeguarding the Outstanding Universal Value
(OUV) of Serengeti National Park. The Government of United Republic of Tanzania is also
seriously considering the constsuction of a road from Mugumu to Arusha running south of
Ngorongoro Conservation Area and Serengeti National Park.
EZEKIEL MAIGE
MINISTER FOR NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM