Punctuation marks and capitalization

1. Punctuation Marks
&
Capitalization
M I S S Z Y N I C A M A R C O S O

2. Punctuation marks and capitalization help readers understand what they
are reading. They make text clearer and easier to understand. Aside from
that, they are used to:
• Change the tone and meaning of what you write.
• Show emphasis on specific part of a sentence.
• Indicate a pause in a sentence.
• Signal the end of the sentence.
• Prevent misreading.
• Make things clearer.

4. Usage of Capitalization Example
1. To begin a sentence. Here is my new number.
2. To indicate proper nouns Manila, Samsung, Lina
3. For days, week, and months Monday, Sunday
4. For historical events,
documents
Independence Day, New Year
5. In the first word of salutation
and complimentary close.
Dear Pedro,
Respectfully yours,
6. In naming a direction She went to the South
7. In the first word of a direct
quotation.
The witness said, “It was the
driver’s fault.”

5. Usage of Capitalization Example
8.In the first and all-important words in a
tittle (nouns, adjectives, verbs, and
adverbs), including the first letter in the
first word.
The Most Beautiful Tourists’ Spot in the
Philippines.
9. In titles, when they refer to a particular
official, or family relationships when they
refer to a specific person.
General Matobato, Cousin Abby
10. The pronoun (I) / and interjection
(O).
I will join you.
O ghost don’t chase me.
11. For initials and abbreviations. Jose A . Santiago, M.D. (Doctor of
Medicine)
PTS (Parent-Teacher Association)

6. Punctuation Symbol Usage Example
1. Ampersand & • Used in names of
companies or in trade
names
• Used in informal writing
• P&G
• Mel & Kate’s Wedding
2. Apostrophe
‘
• Used to show possession
• Used to indicate
contractions of work.
• Used to abbreviate years.
• Ben’s car
• Don’t, let’s, they’re
• Batch ‘13
3. Bracket
[] or {}
• Used to add missing letters
and words in quotations.
• The hostage said, Help
me (please)!

7. Punctuation Symbol Usage Example
4. Colon : • Used after a salutation of a
business letter
• Used in a series
• Used to introduce quotation
• Used to separate main titles
from subtitles, hour from the
minutes, chapter from verse,
or numbers to indicate ratio
• Dear Maám:
• Here are the ingredients:
milk, salt, and cream
• According to the
investigation: ”We found
some evidence in the
crime scene.”
 Emiliana: The Story
Untold
 9:00 am
 John 3:16
 1:2

8. Punctuation Symbol Usage Example
5. Comma , • Used to separate three or
more items in a series.
• Used after salutation in
friendly letters, in
addresses, in large
numbers, in dates, and
between a name and a title.
• Used to separate beginning
word, phrase, or clause
• Used to separate
independent clauses in
compound sentences
• I will buy pencils, papers
and crayons.
• Dear Jeff,
Block1, Lot 23, Josefina
Subdivision
2,657 volunteers
February 18, 2020
James Martin, Ph. D.
• Yes, I will get it for you.
• I cannot carry these
boxes, so I need someone
to help me.

9. Punctuation Symbol Usage Example
5. Comma , • Used in intervening words
• Used in appositives
• Jane, as well as her sister,
loves to dance.
• Jane, a famous dancer, will
conduct free dance lessons
next week.
6. Dash ~ • Used to break up a thought
or to start out an idea of
lesser or greater idea within
a sentence.
• The second room-and no
other room-is up for
renovation.
7.Ellipsis … • Used to show something is
omitted
• Used to mean “etc.” or “so
forth”
• Tom explained… but Sarah
did not believe him.
• The station are North,
Cubao, Ortigas…

10. Punctuation Symbol Usage Example
8. Exclamation
Point
! • Used for interjection,
exclamatory, and strong
imperative sentences.
• It’s burning!
9. Hyphen - • Used to separate compound
words and numbers.
• Used after a prefix that is
followed by a proper noun or
adjective.
• Editor-in-chief, twenty-one
• Mid-year, self-sufficient,
governor-elect
10. Parenthesis () • Used to separate a part of a
sentence or explanation that
is not important
• Used to put numbers letters,
signs, and dates in a
sentence.
• Brig some reading
materials (Magazines,
books, newspaper)
tomorrow.
• Print the third chapter
(pages 55-56)

11. Punctuation Symbol Usage Example
11. Period . • Used after an abbreviation
• Used after numbers or
letters or outlines
• Used after a declarative
sentence, an imperative or
an indirect question.
• G.S.P.
• 1. a.
2. b.
• They will join the game.
Clean the room.
I just asked you why you are
late.
12. Question
Mark
? • Used to end a question
• Used to end a statement
intended as a question
• Did you read the essay
• They joined the team?
13. Quotation
Marks (double)
“ ” • Used in direct quotation
• Used to enclose a title
• “I will bring home the
bacon”
• I like the poem “Trees” by
Joyce Kilmer

12. Punctuation Symbol Usage Example
14. Semicolon ; • Used to separate numbers
• Used to join independent
clauses
• 13;14;35 and 18
• I can paint; Joe can play the
guitar
15. Slash / • Used to replace the word per
• Used to present an option
• 30/kilo
• Small/medium size