Syntax (Part 1)

By the end of this chapter….,[object Object]

Think ?????,[object Object],What is that enables us to ,[object Object],produce and understand an,[object Object],infinite number of,[object Object],sentences?,[object Object]

Syntax: the structure and function of phrases and sentences,[object Object],[object Object],This is the question we will be concerned with as we consider syntax, the study of the,[object Object],structure of phrases and sentences.,[object Object]

Syntax: the structure and function of phrases and sentences,[object Object],Definition,[object Object],The study of syntax addresses the structure of sentences and their structural and functional relationships to one another.,[object Object],Functional perspective:,[object Object],From the functional perspective point of view, the sentence has a daughter or bought an answering machine are predicates. From a grammatical point of view, these are verb phrases.,[object Object]

Constituency and tree diagrams,[object Object],[object Object],Consider the following example:,[object Object],Harry saw a ghost.,[object Object],What is it made up of?,[object Object],We could say it is made up of sounds like /g/, /o/, /s/ and /t/ in ghost, or made up of words like Harry and saw.,[object Object]

syntax,[object Object],But this analysis misses the point?,[object Object],This analysis is similar to describing a shopping mall…Why?,[object Object],The point in any analysis is to identify the structural units that are relevant to some purpose or level of organization.,[object Object],In analyzing sentences, those structural units are called CONSTITUENTS.,[object Object]

linear order and hierarchical structure.,[object Object],In this chapter, we will consider two basic principles of sentence organization: linear order and hierarchical structure.,[object Object],1.1 Linear order,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

For example, consider the sentence in (4).,[object Object],(4) Many executives eat at really fancy restaurants.,[object Object],We can easily distinguish a number of meaningful groups of words in this sentence: many executives and eat at really fancy restaurants, for instance, clearly have meanings of their own, and each makes a coherent contribution to the meaning of (4) as a whole. For these reasons, they are constituents of this sentence. On the other hand, some groups of words in sentence (4) do not,[object Object],naturally form meaningful units; executives eat at and eat at really, for example, don't clearly have meanings of their own. Thus, these groups of words are not constituents of (4).,[object Object]

Tree diagram,[object Object],One way of representing syntactic relationship is with TREE DIAGRAMS.,[object Object], S,[object Object],N V N ,[object Object], Harry liked Sonya,[object Object]

Syntax (Part 1)

Syntax (Part 1)

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Syntax (Part 1)