[Slideshare] akhlaq-batch#5-(aug-2016-intake) - lesson#3 -about-the-nafs-(31-august-2016)

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OFINTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF
‘‘ILM AL-AKHLAQILM AL-AKHLAQ
“Verily! You (Muhammad) are upon the
most exalted (Khuluq) disposition.”
Using text & curriculum he has developed especially forUsing text & curriculum he has developed especially for
Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.
““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
UPDATED –UPDATED – 31 AUGUST 201631 AUGUST 2016
““INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDYINTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
OF ‘OF ‘ILM AL-AKHLAQILM AL-AKHLAQ ””
Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adults
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))
LESSON # 3 –LESSON # 3 –
ABOUT THE ‘NAFS’ (SELF)

““Guide us toGuide us to the straight paththe straight path -The path of those upon whom-The path of those upon whom
You have bestowed favour, not of those who have evokedYou have bestowed favour, not of those who have evoked
[Your] anger or of those who are astray.[Your] anger or of those who are astray.
((Qur’an: al-Fatihah: 1: 5-7Qur’an: al-Fatihah: 1: 5-7))

““ That is theThat is the Knower of the unseenKnower of the unseen andand the witnessedthe witnessed,,
thethe Exalted in MightExalted in Might, the, the Merciful,Merciful, Who perfectedWho perfected
everything which He created andeverything which He created and began the creationbegan the creation
of man from clay.of man from clay. Then He made his posterityThen He made his posterity out ofout of
the extract of a liquid disdainedthe extract of a liquid disdained. Then He. Then He proportionedproportioned
himhim andand breathed intobreathed into him (him (MIN RUUMIN RUUHHI-HII-HI) from) from HisHis
[created] soul[created] soul and made for youand made for you hearinghearing andand visionvision
andand heartshearts; little are you grateful.”; little are you grateful.”
((Qur’an: Sajda: 32: 6-9Qur’an: Sajda: 32: 6-9))

““And they ask you, [O Muhammad], about the soul (And they ask you, [O Muhammad], about the soul (RURUHH).).
Say, "The soul (Say, "The soul (RURUHH) is of the affair of my Lord. And mankind) is of the affair of my Lord. And mankind
have not been given of knowledge except a little.”have not been given of knowledge except a little.”
((Qur’an: al-Isra‘: 17: 85Qur’an: al-Isra‘: 17: 85))

““AND ON EARTH there are signs [of Allah’s exis-tence,AND ON EARTH there are signs [of Allah’s exis-tence,
visible] to all who are endowed with inner certainty, just asvisible] to all who are endowed with inner certainty, just as
[there are signs thereof] within your own selves ([there are signs thereof] within your own selves (FEE-FEE-
ANFUSIKUMANFUSIKUM) : can you not, then, see?) : can you not, then, see?
((Qur’an: Dzaariyat:51: 20-21Qur’an: Dzaariyat:51: 20-21))

““Consider the human self (Consider the human self (NAFSNAFS), and how it is), and how it is
formed in accordance with what it is meant to be,formed in accordance with what it is meant to be,
and how it is imbued with (and how it is imbued with (FU-JUU-ROHAFU-JUU-ROHA) moral) moral
failings as well as (failings as well as (TAQ-WAA-HA)TAQ-WAA-HA) withwith
consciousness of Allah!consciousness of Allah!
To a happy state shall indeed attain he who causesTo a happy state shall indeed attain he who causes
this [this [NAFSNAFS - self] to- self] to grow in puritygrow in purity, and truly lost is, and truly lost is
he who buries it [in darkness].”he who buries it [in darkness].”
((Qur’an: Shams: 91: 7-10Qur’an: Shams: 91: 7-10))

The teaching of Islam is not merely concerned about the
outward manifestation of one’s submission (although important and
indispensible).
Its perfection which is important and indispensible – perhaps
many may disregard - is the concept of IHSAN that requires the inner
dimension of a Muslim’s servitude and worship. Since the essence of
‘ibadat is the intention, residing in our spiritual heart/mind (QALB)
which requires sincerity (IKHLASw), knowledge on how to maintain
it’s purity and growth is vital.
Thus knowledge about the nature and state of our spiritual Self
(NAFS) is very important.

“He (Allah) it is who has sent unto the unlettered
people a messenger from among themselves, to convey
unto them His messages, and (YUZAK-KII-HIM) to
cause them to grow in purity, and to impart unto them
the divine writ as well as wisdom - whereas before that
they were indeed, most obviously, lost in error.”
(Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2)

Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. was sent as the educator of mankind
par excellence. The previous verse explains the manner of his
approach and most significant (important and indispensible) is the
stage of TAZKIYYATUN-NUFUS (Purification and growth of the spiritual
Selves) before his imparting or teaching them the Qur’an (al-Kitab) and
As-Sunnah (al-Hikmah).
And unlike secular education, what truly defines the essence of a
person in Islamic worldview is his soul or spiritual Self. Mere outward
transformation only is unacceptable without also a corresponding
inner change.

For in Islam, the success of our education is not merely in Muslims
being knowledgeable but requires that such knowledge must transform
their disposition (AKHLAQ) with noble virtues - the raison d'être of our
Prophet’s mission as in one of his sayings.
““Verily, I have not been sent (as Prophet) except toVerily, I have not been sent (as Prophet) except to
perfect the nobleperfect the noble AkhlaqAkhlaq (disposition of mankind).”(disposition of mankind).”
((Hadith reported by MalikHadith reported by Malik))

And “ AKHLAQ “, as asserted by Imam Hujwiri rahm.a. :
“are non-contrived praiseworthy actions not proceeding from
particular motives. Their outer form is in harmony with their
inner truth; they are actions devoid of pretension.”

““The state (The state (HAI-A-TUNHAI-A-TUN) , in the inner self () , in the inner self (LIN - NAFSILIN - NAFSI), rooted or), rooted or
stable (stable (RAA-SI-RAA-SI-KHKHATUNATUN), as a consequence of which actions in the), as a consequence of which actions in the
person are engendered (person are engendered (TAS-DURUU - ANHA - AL-AF-’ALTAS-DURUU - ANHA - AL-AF-’AL), with), with
ease (ease (BI YUS-RINBI YUS-RIN ) and facility () and facility (WA –SU-HUU-LATINWA –SU-HUU-LATIN), without the), without the
need for thoughts and effort (need for thoughts and effort (MIN – GHAYRI -HAA-JA - TIN – ILAA-MIN – GHAYRI -HAA-JA - TIN – ILAA-
FIK-RATIN – WA RAWIY-YAFIK-RATIN – WA RAWIY-YA)”)”
-- Imam Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali rhm.a.Imam Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali rhm.a.
Meaning ….From root :

“But as for those who strive hard (JAHIDU) in Our cause -We shall
most certainly guide them onto paths that lead unto Us: for,
behold, Allah is indeed with the doers of good (MUHSINEEN).”
(Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 69)

“O you who have attained to faith! (ISwBIRU) Be patient in
adversity, and (SwOBIRU) vie in patience with one another ;
and (ROBITwU) remain stationed (ever ready to do what is
right) and (be conscious and) fear Allah (TAQWALLAH); that
you may be successful.”
(Qur’an: Aali-’Imran: 3: 200)

““Consider the human self (Consider the human self (NAFSNAFS), and), and how it ishow it is
formed in accordance with what it is meant to beformed in accordance with what it is meant to be,”,”
((Qur’an: Shams: 91: 7-10Qur’an: Shams: 91: 7-10))

The first that a person is naturally aware of is – “himself /
herself”. This consciousness naturally develops and everything else
becomes identified relative to it.
As mankind is created in “the best conformation”, he is equipped
with capabilities. Inherent within him are faculties with great
potentials, if not properly nurtured may cause its growth to become
distorted or unbalanced.
Amongst the latent powers or faculties termed as “Quw-wah”,
some of which are also inherent in some other beings, yet it is
mankind that possess all of these.
Yet which of these powers uniquely distinguishes mankind as
human?

NON-LIVING PLANTS ANIMALS HUMANSNON-LIVING PLANTS ANIMALS HUMANS
Sustenance
Growth (Physical)
Procreation (sexual)
Movement at will
Thought & Speech
.
..
.
. .
.
.
..
.
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X

““THE MOST GRACIOUS has imparted this Qur’anTHE MOST GRACIOUS has imparted this Qur’an
[unto man]. He has created man: He has imparted[unto man]. He has created man: He has imparted
unto himunto him articulate thought and speecharticulate thought and speech ((AL-AL-
BAYANBAYAN).”).”
((Qur’an: Rahman: 55: 1-4Qur’an: Rahman: 55: 1-4))

“Whether you speak in secrecy or aloud, (it is all the same
to Allah). He even knows the secrets that lie hidden in the
breasts of people. Would He not know, He Who has
created, when He is All-Subtle, All-Aware?”
(Qur’an: Mulk: 67: 13-4)

LESSONS ON ISLAMIC
CONCEPT OF ADAB
By : Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj IsmailExtracted from:Extracted from:All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

Our Prophet’s upbringing s.a.a.w. contains much wisdom weOur Prophet’s upbringing s.a.a.w. contains much wisdom we
must learn from, amongst which was firstly his being given amust learn from, amongst which was firstly his being given a
good name. Naming in fact is the beginning of a child’sgood name. Naming in fact is the beginning of a child’s
cognitive and communicative education.cognitive and communicative education.
Then our Prophet s.a.w. was nurtured amongst the bedouinThen our Prophet s.a.w. was nurtured amongst the bedouin
tribe oftribe of Bani Sa’adah,Bani Sa’adah, which instilled in him the pure Arabicwhich instilled in him the pure Arabic
language and the noble mannerism.language and the noble mannerism.
Imam Muhammad Idris Ash-Shafi-’ieImam Muhammad Idris Ash-Shafi-’ie rhm.a. excelled in therhm.a. excelled in the
Arabic language and learning the bedouin ways, before heArabic language and learning the bedouin ways, before he
went on learning and mastering other Islamic sciences.went on learning and mastering other Islamic sciences.
LESSONS ON ISLAMIC
CONCEPT OF ADAB

The Malays cherish “The Malays cherish “Budi BahasaBudi Bahasa” as the noble traits in a” as the noble traits in a
person.person.
““BudiBudi” in my understanding is similar to Islamic concept of” in my understanding is similar to Islamic concept of
““muru-ahmuru-ah” (wholesome, being a human;) with “” (wholesome, being a human;) with “FutuwwaFutuwwa””
(chivalry), and(chivalry), and
as to “as to “BahasaBahasa” his/her excellence in speech and decorum.” his/her excellence in speech and decorum.
LESSONS ON ISLAMIC
CONCEPT OF ADAB

The most obvious beginning for a child’s education is theThe most obvious beginning for a child’s education is the
spoken words, or sound or even the noise which may impactspoken words, or sound or even the noise which may impact
their development.their development.
Thus theThus the SunnahSunnah – reciting Qur’an, the Adzan, story telling, as– reciting Qur’an, the Adzan, story telling, as
well as the traditional lullaby (‘well as the traditional lullaby (‘sha’irsha’ir ‘or ‘‘or ‘pantun nasihatpantun nasihat’’) or) or
of Islamicof Islamic nasheednasheed andand Du’aDu’a, etc.. cannot be under-estimated., etc.. cannot be under-estimated.
LESSONS ON ISLAMIC
CONCEPT OF ADAB

Speaking to a child should be done with clarity , in our dictionSpeaking to a child should be done with clarity , in our diction
or pronunciation, mindful of the message In our heart / mindor pronunciation, mindful of the message In our heart / mind
when we convey it without us lapsing into gibberish.when we convey it without us lapsing into gibberish.
It is important too that we are to guard our negativeIt is important too that we are to guard our negative
emotions, or the negativity of people with the ‘evil eye’, whichemotions, or the negativity of people with the ‘evil eye’, which
may affect the soul of the child.may affect the soul of the child.
LESSONS ON ISLAMIC
CONCEPT OF ADAB
I seek refuge ( with Allah by invoking His) Perfect Words from every
devil and poisonous pest, from every evil, harmful and envious eyes.”

Thus, exposure to the Qur’anic recitations would in actual fact notThus, exposure to the Qur’anic recitations would in actual fact not
only be exposing them to a “only be exposing them to a “perfected speech from Allahperfected speech from Allah”” but alsobut also
invoking blessings and other attending bestowals upon the child.invoking blessings and other attending bestowals upon the child.
LESSONS ON ISLAMIC
CONCEPT OF ADAB
“Educate (nurture with Adab – ‘addibu ’) your children upon three things:
To Love your Prophet (s.a.w.), and to love the Family members of his
household (Aali Muhammad), and (learn) to recite Al-Qur’an.”
(Hadith narrated by Tabrani)

Exposure to direct human voice must be preferred to sound (ofExposure to direct human voice must be preferred to sound (of
musical) inanimate machine or even television. Shelter themmusical) inanimate machine or even television. Shelter them
from those with uncouth trait and especially evil people. Do notfrom those with uncouth trait and especially evil people. Do not
ignore or take this advice lightly.ignore or take this advice lightly.
When speaking the volume or tone of our voice etc. ; theWhen speaking the volume or tone of our voice etc. ; the
courtesy inherent within the manner of our speech; thecourtesy inherent within the manner of our speech; the
accompanying emotions, feeling and our stress in moral valuesaccompanying emotions, feeling and our stress in moral values
etc. are very important to be considered as these wouldetc. are very important to be considered as these would
inevitably be absorbed by the child – even while they are in theirinevitably be absorbed by the child – even while they are in their
crib/cradle.crib/cradle.
LESSONS ON ISLAMIC
CONCEPT OF ADAB

Remember:Remember: The key to clarity in one’s thoughts depends veryThe key to clarity in one’s thoughts depends very
much upon the clarity of one’s language proficiency.much upon the clarity of one’s language proficiency.
And a young child can be taught several languages. They have aAnd a young child can be taught several languages. They have a
tremendous capacity and love to imitate (tremendous capacity and love to imitate (HUB-BUT-TAQ-LEEDHUB-BUT-TAQ-LEED).).
An Arabic saying : “An Arabic saying : “Memorising when young is like etching onMemorising when young is like etching on
stones, whereas memorising when one is old (in comparison) itstones, whereas memorising when one is old (in comparison) it
would be like writing on waterwould be like writing on water.”.”
Rote learning in a child’s education is very necessary, althoughRote learning in a child’s education is very necessary, although
we should be creative to ensure effectiveness.we should be creative to ensure effectiveness.
LESSONS ON ISLAMIC
CONCEPT OF ADAB

Through the teaching of language which utilizes stories andThrough the teaching of language which utilizes stories and
anecdotes, we transfer our cultural , historical , religious andanecdotes, we transfer our cultural , historical , religious and
moral values, connecting them to aspects or our ancestralmoral values, connecting them to aspects or our ancestral
heritage, instilling in them dignity and rootedness, which areheritage, instilling in them dignity and rootedness, which are
important to formation of an identity (important to formation of an identity (shakh-siyyahshakh-siyyah).).
If these are neglected –If these are neglected – na-’uudzu-billahna-’uudzu-billah – we would have lost– we would have lost
the opportunity and may even, by its omission, exposed the childthe opportunity and may even, by its omission, exposed the child
to defective factors in their formative upbringing that mayto defective factors in their formative upbringing that may
impede their future Islamic education.impede their future Islamic education.
LESSONS ON ISLAMIC
CONCEPT OF ADAB

BRIEF ORIENTATION
FOR MUSLIM EDUCATORS
Presentation by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
for ”Teachers of PPIS Kindergarten -2012”
Organized by PPIS
Extracted from:Extracted from:

BRIEF ORIENTATION
FOR MUSLIM EDUCATORS
Presentation by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
for ”Teachers of PPIS Kindergarten -2012”
Organized by PPIS
 In original Malay, each Pantun usually has four lines (stanzas), each consists of
only four words. First two stanzas usually serves as foreshadow of the actual
message in the next two stanzas, and both must share its rhymed endings.
 My translation may not fulfil the ‘four-words-per-line’ criteria, only the rhyme.

““Pulau pandan jauh ketengah,Pulau pandan jauh ketengah,
Gunung Daik bercabang tiga,Gunung Daik bercabang tiga,
Hancur badan dikandung tanah,Hancur badan dikandung tanah,
Budi baik dikenang juga”Budi baik dikenang juga”
““Island of Pandan glistens in the wave,Island of Pandan glistens in the wave,
Mountain of Daik with three peaks appeared,Mountain of Daik with three peaks appeared,
Though our body be destroyed completely in the grave,Though our body be destroyed completely in the grave,
But our deeds of kindness will forever be remembered”But our deeds of kindness will forever be remembered”
English translation

““Tinggi sungguh gunung Daik,Tinggi sungguh gunung Daik,
Mercunya nampak terang berkilau,Mercunya nampak terang berkilau,
Kalau asal benih yang baik,Kalau asal benih yang baik,
Jatuh ke laut menjadi pulau.”Jatuh ke laut menjadi pulau.”
““Majestic is mount Daik with awe and radiance,Majestic is mount Daik with awe and radiance,
With the sun atop its peak they appear to merge,With the sun atop its peak they appear to merge,
If a seed is truly derived from that of excellence,If a seed is truly derived from that of excellence,
When thrown in the sea an island will emerge”When thrown in the sea an island will emerge”
English translation

““Pisang emas bawa belayar,Pisang emas bawa belayar,
Masak sebiji di atas peti,Masak sebiji di atas peti,
Hutang emas boleh dibayar,Hutang emas boleh dibayar,
Hutang budi dibawa mati.”Hutang budi dibawa mati.”
““Golden banana for a journey is laid,Golden banana for a journey is laid,
One is ripen upon a crate aplenty ,One is ripen upon a crate aplenty ,
Debt in gold can certainly be repaid,Debt in gold can certainly be repaid,
But the debt of kindness is to be borne for eternity”But the debt of kindness is to be borne for eternity”
English translation

“Bunga melati bunga di darat,
Bunga seroja di tepi kali,
Hina besi kerana karat,
Hina manusia tidak berbudi.”
““Wide is the fragrance a jasmine cast,Wide is the fragrance a jasmine cast,
The lotus excel in its beauty and purity,The lotus excel in its beauty and purity,
Iron is despised because of its rust,Iron is despised because of its rust,
A person is despised for lacking in morality”A person is despised for lacking in morality”
English translation

““Halia ini tanam-tanaman,Halia ini tanam-tanaman,
Ke barat juga akan rebahnya,Ke barat juga akan rebahnya,
Dunia ini pinjam-pinjaman,Dunia ini pinjam-pinjaman,
Ke akhirat juga akan sudahnya”Ke akhirat juga akan sudahnya”
““Ginger is a plant that grows in clumps,Ginger is a plant that grows in clumps,
Towards the west it’s shoot will turn,Towards the west it’s shoot will turn,
Life in this world is but on borrowed times,Life in this world is but on borrowed times,
For the Hereafter is where all must eternally return”For the Hereafter is where all must eternally return”
English translation

““Berburu ke padang datar,Berburu ke padang datar,
Mendapat rusa belang kaki,Mendapat rusa belang kaki,
Berguru kepalang ajar,Berguru kepalang ajar,
Bagaikan bunga kembang tak jadi”Bagaikan bunga kembang tak jadi”
““To go hunting on the plains deserted,To go hunting on the plains deserted,
Tracking a deer till it meet its doom,Tracking a deer till it meet its doom,
If in learning one is lazy, dull and half-hearted,If in learning one is lazy, dull and half-hearted,
Like flower that wilted as bud, before it canLike flower that wilted as bud, before it can
ever bloom.”ever bloom.”
English translation

““Buah cempedak di luar pagar,Buah cempedak di luar pagar,
Ambilkan galah tolong jolokkanAmbilkan galah tolong jolokkan
Saya budak baru belajar,Saya budak baru belajar,
Kalau salah tolong tunjukkan”Kalau salah tolong tunjukkan”
““Out on the fence a jackfruit is leaning,Out on the fence a jackfruit is leaning,
To pull it with a pole the fruit can be harvested,To pull it with a pole the fruit can be harvested,
I am just a learner very new to this learning,I am just a learner very new to this learning,
Hoping to be corrected wherever I have erred.”Hoping to be corrected wherever I have erred.”
English translation

“Ke hulu memotong pagar,
Jangan terpotong batang durian,
Carilah guru tempat belajar,
Jangan menyesal dihari kemudian.”
““The fence needs cutting as well as cleaning,The fence needs cutting as well as cleaning,
But do not destroy the branch of the durian tree,But do not destroy the branch of the durian tree,
Seek out a teacher to guide you in your learning,Seek out a teacher to guide you in your learning,
Lest great is the regret, your future will be.”Lest great is the regret, your future will be.”
English translation

““Berakit-rakit ke-hulu,Berakit-rakit ke-hulu,
Berenang-renang ke-tepian,Berenang-renang ke-tepian,
Bersakit-sakit dahulu,Bersakit-sakit dahulu,
Bersenang-senang kemudian”Bersenang-senang kemudian”
““Rafting upriver to reach the forest trees,Rafting upriver to reach the forest trees,
Swimming to the beach to rest on the sand,Swimming to the beach to rest on the sand,
So patiently persevere all initial difficulties.So patiently persevere all initial difficulties.
To certainly attain the happiness in the end.”To certainly attain the happiness in the end.”
English translation

““Orang Daik memacu kuda,Orang Daik memacu kuda,
Kuda dipacu deras sekali,Kuda dipacu deras sekali,
Buat baik berpada-pada,Buat baik berpada-pada,
Buat jahat jangan sekali”Buat jahat jangan sekali”
““People of Daik on horses in a valley ,People of Daik on horses in a valley ,
Racing on their steed in rows of two,Racing on their steed in rows of two,
Spread you goodness with wisdom appropriately,Spread you goodness with wisdom appropriately,
Not a single deed of evil must you ever do.”Not a single deed of evil must you ever do.”
English translation

““Salam menghadap, hamba dan dayang,Salam menghadap, hamba dan dayang,
Raja bermalam di dendang teruja,Raja bermalam di dendang teruja,
Dalam kitab ada terlarang,Dalam kitab ada terlarang,
Perkara yang haram jangan dicuba.”Perkara yang haram jangan dicuba.”
““ With looks so dignified, all the servant and maiden,With looks so dignified, all the servant and maiden,
With manners and charm, before the resting king,With manners and charm, before the resting king,
The Book (Qur’an) has clarified all that is forbidden,The Book (Qur’an) has clarified all that is forbidden,
Whatever is ‘haram’ therefore, refrain yourself from doing”Whatever is ‘haram’ therefore, refrain yourself from doing”
English translation

“The wise statement is the lost property of the believer,
so wherever he finds it, then he is more worthy of it.”
(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi from Abu Hurayra)
Now, let us look at the
traditional Chinese and Indian
wisdomAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

ren zhi chu
People at birth

xing ben shan
Are naturally good

xing xiang jin
Their nature are similar

xi xiang yuan
Their habits become different

gou bu jiao
If negligently or foolishly, not taught,

xing nai qian
Their nature deteriorate/ differ
widely.

jiao zhi dao
The right way to teach,

gui yi zhuan
Is with absolute concentration/ thoroughness
(i.e. patient, determined and constant striving/ disciplining)

31. From virtue weal and wealth outflow
What greater good can mankind know?
32. Virtue enhances joy and gain
Forsaking it is fall and pain.
33. Perform good deeds as much you can
Always and everywhere, O man!
The power of virtue

34. In spotless mind virtue is found
And not in show and swelling sound.
35. Four ills eschew and virtue reach
Lust, anger, envy, evil-speech.
36. Do good enow; defer it not
A deathless aid in death if sought.
The power of virtue

37. Litter-bearer and rider say
Without a word, the fortune’s way.
38. Like stones that block rebirth and pain
Are doing good and good again.
39. Weal flows only from virtue done
The rest is rue and renown gone.
40. Worthy act is virtue done
Vice is what we ought to shun.
The power of virtue

““INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OFINTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF
FIQHFIQH ””
Intermediate Level Islamic course in English forIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for
AdultsAdults
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

“And We did not send any messenger except [speaking] in the
language of his people to state clearly for them, and Allah
sends astray [thereby] whom He wills and guides whom He
wills. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.”
(Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 4)

““We the prophets are commanded to place peopleWe the prophets are commanded to place people
according toaccording to their stationtheir station andand to speak unto themto speak unto them
in accordance with theirin accordance with their intellectual capacityintellectual capacity.”.”
((Hadith reported by Abu Dawud from A’isyah r.aHadith reported by Abu Dawud from A’isyah r.a.).)

““The best ones amongst you is the person who makes you remember AllahThe best ones amongst you is the person who makes you remember Allah
when youwhen you look upon himlook upon him; and; and whenever he speakswhenever he speaks it increases you yourit increases you your
knowledge (of the Deen), andknowledge (of the Deen), and with his deedswith his deeds it inspires (motivates) you toit inspires (motivates) you to
strive for your Hereafter.”strive for your Hereafter.”
((Hadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.aHadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.).)

““[At His behest] the sun and the moon run their[At His behest] the sun and the moon run their
appointed courses; [before Him] prostrate themappointed courses; [before Him] prostrate them
selves the stars and the trees. And the skies has Heselves the stars and the trees. And the skies has He
raised high, and has devised [for all things] araised high, and has devised [for all things] a
measure,measure, so that you [too, O men,] might neverso that you [too, O men,] might never
transgress the measure [of what is right]:weightransgress the measure [of what is right]:weigh,,
therefore, [your deeds] with equity (therefore, [your deeds] with equity (QISQISTwTw), and cut), and cut
not the measure short!”not the measure short!”
((Qur’an: arRahman: 55: 59Qur’an: arRahman: 55: 59))

““Alif. Lam. Ra. A DIVINE WRIT [this revelation]Alif. Lam. Ra. A DIVINE WRIT [this revelation]
which We have bestowed upon thee from on high inwhich We have bestowed upon thee from on high in
order that thou might bring forth all mankind, byorder that thou might bring forth all mankind, by
their Sustainer's leave,their Sustainer's leave, out of the depths ofout of the depths of
darkness into the light: onto the way that leads todarkness into the light: onto the way that leads to
the Almightythe Almighty, the One to whom all praise is due ”, the One to whom all praise is due ”
((Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 1Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 1))

“Verily we have honoured the children of Adam. We carry
them on the land and the sea, and have made provision of
good things for them, and have preferred them above many
of those whom We created with a marked preferment.”
(Qur’an: alIsra’: 17: 70)

“Verily We created Man from a drop of mingled sperm, in order
to try him: so We gave him (the gifts), of Hearing and Sight.
We showed him the Way: whether he be grateful or ungrateful
(rests on his will).”
(Qur’an: alInsan: 76:23)

“Verily never will Allah change the condition of a people until
they change it (BIANFUSIHIM) in themselves (within their own
souls/selves).”
(Qur’an: arRa’d: 13: 11)

“This, because Allah would never change the blessings (NI’MAH)
with which He has graced a people unless they change their
(ANFUSIHIM) inner selves: and [know] that Allah is allHearing,
allSeeing.”
(Qur’an: Al Anfal : 8:53)

“Many are the Jinns and men We have made for Hell:
they have hearts (QULUB)wherewith they understand
not, eyes (U’YUUN)wherewith they see not, and ears
(UDZUNUN) wherewith they hear not. They are like
cattle nay more misguided: for they are (they who are)
heedless (of warning – ALGHOFILUN.)”
(Qur’an: alA’raf: 7:179)

“But nay they who are bent on evildoing follow but their
own desires , without having any knowledge (of the truth).
And who could guide those whom Allah has [thus] let go
astray, and who (thereupon) have none to succour them?”
(Qur’an: Rum: 30: 29)

“AND SO, set thy face steadfastly towards the [one
evertrue] faith, turning away from all that is false,
in accordance with the natural disposition
(FITwRAH) which Allah has instilled into man: [for,]
not to allow any change to corrupt what Allah has
thus created (LIKHOLQILLAAH) this is the
[purpose of the one] evertrue faith; but most
people know it not.”
(Qur’an: Rum: 30: 30)

““VERILY, in the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad) you have aVERILY, in the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad) you have a
good example (USWATUN good example (USWATUN HHASANAH)ASANAH) for everyone whofor everyone who
looks forward [with hope and awe] to Allah and the Lastlooks forward [with hope and awe] to Allah and the Last
Day, and remembers Allah unceasingly.Day, and remembers Allah unceasingly.””
((Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 21Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 21))

““Verily, I have not been sent (as Prophet) except toVerily, I have not been sent (as Prophet) except to
perfect the nobleperfect the noble AkhlaqAkhlaq (disposition of mankind).”(disposition of mankind).”
((Hadith reported by MalikHadith reported by Malik))

““And you (Q Muhammad, stands) on anAnd you (Q Muhammad, stands) on an exalted standardexalted standard
of character (disposition).”of character (disposition).”
((Qur’an: Qalam: 68: 4Qur’an: Qalam: 68: 4))

“Say: Our life takes its colour from Allah! And who could give a
better colour (to life) than Allah? And it is He (alone) Whom we
worship.”
(Qur’an: alBaqarah: 2: 138)

““Verily, WeVerily, We create man in the best conformationcreate man in the best conformation; and thereafter; and thereafter
We reduce him to the lowest of lowWe reduce him to the lowest of low exceptingexcepting only such as attain toonly such as attain to
faith and do good works: and theirs shall be a reward unending! ”faith and do good works: and theirs shall be a reward unending! ”
((Qur’an: Tin: 95: 16Qur’an: Tin: 95: 16))

ANGELSANGELS
JINN (spirits)JINN (spirits)
MANKINDMANKIND
ANIMALSANIMALS
PLANTSPLANTS
Elevated to theElevated to the
highest, evenhighest, even
higher thanhigher than
AngelsAngels
Debased to beDebased to be
the lowest of thethe lowest of the
low.low.
IN THE CENTRE
EXTRACTS FROM PREVIOUS MODULE
“BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON ISLAM”All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

AngelicAngelic
SatanicSatanic
AdamicAdamic
AnimalisticAnimalistic
VegetativeVegetative
WITHIN MAN, HE SHARES MANY POWERS AS IN OTHER SPECIESWITHIN MAN, HE SHARES MANY POWERS AS IN OTHER SPECIES
MANKIND CREATED IN THE BEST OF MOULDMANKIND CREATED IN THE BEST OF MOULD
‘‘AQLIYYAHAQLIYYAH
WAHM/KHAYALIWAHM/KHAYALI
FITRAH SALIMAFITRAH SALIMA
BAHIMIYAHBAHIMIYAH
NABATIYYAHNABATIYYAH

AL-‘AQLIYYAHAL-‘AQLIYYAH
Power of intelligencePower of intelligence
AL- WAHMIYYAH /AL- WAHMIYYAH /
KHAYALIYYAHKHAYALIYYAH
Power of abstraction / imaginationPower of abstraction / imagination

AL-GHADABIYYAHAL-GHADABIYYAH
Power of angerPower of anger
AL-SHAHWIYYAHAL-SHAHWIYYAH
Power of desiresPower of desires

The function and value of every one of these powers or facultiesThe function and value of every one of these powers or faculties
of the “of the “nafsnafs” is commonly well understood. If man did not have the” is commonly well understood. If man did not have the
power of reason (intelligence), it would have been impossible forpower of reason (intelligence), it would have been impossible for
him to distinguish between good and evil, right and wrong, true andhim to distinguish between good and evil, right and wrong, true and
false.false.
If he did not possess the faculty of anger, he could not defendIf he did not possess the faculty of anger, he could not defend
himself against attack and aggression.himself against attack and aggression.

If force of sexual attraction and desire did not exist in man, theIf force of sexual attraction and desire did not exist in man, the
continued existence of the human species would be endangered.continued existence of the human species would be endangered.
And finally if man lacked the power of imagination, he could notAnd finally if man lacked the power of imagination, he could not
visualise universals or particulars, and he would be unable to makevisualise universals or particulars, and he would be unable to make
any inference based on them.any inference based on them.

As in all things which Allah has created, the principle of moderationAs in all things which Allah has created, the principle of moderation
and balance is applicable. The principle also applies to these facultiesand balance is applicable. The principle also applies to these faculties
which are to be developed in man.which are to be developed in man.
The means to attain to this is Islamic principle of “The means to attain to this is Islamic principle of “justice; excellence;justice; excellence;
balance or equilibriumbalance or equilibrium” in the Qur’anic terms” in the Qur’anic terms ofof ‘ADALA, I‘ADALA, IHHSAN, QISSAN, QISTwTw
etc. manifesting these in ourselves as witnesses toetc. manifesting these in ourselves as witnesses to TAUTAUHHEEDEED --
attestation to Oneness of Allah.attestation to Oneness of Allah.
The golden rule is moderation -The golden rule is moderation - WAWASSAATwTw - neither lacking in nor too- neither lacking in nor too
much (excessive) use of these inherent powers - it will produce certainmuch (excessive) use of these inherent powers - it will produce certain
traits or disposition (traits or disposition (AAKHKHLAQLAQ) in man. The following chart may explain:) in man. The following chart may explain:

““ QuwwahQuwwah ””
((Faculty or PowerFaculty or Power))
 IntelligenceIntelligence
 AngerAnger
 DesireDesire
 Imagination /Imagination /
abstractionabstraction
DEFICIENTDEFICIENT
 StupidityStupidity
 CowardiceCowardice
 LethargyLethargy
 SubmissiveSubmissive
EXCESSIVEEXCESSIVE
SlynessSlyness
FoolhardinessFoolhardiness
RapaciousRapacious
TyrannyTyranny
MODERATIONMODERATION
WisdomWisdom
CourageCourage
Chaste/modestyChaste/modesty
JusticeJustice

“Have you seen the one who takes as his god his own desire?
Then would you be responsible for him? Or do you think that
most of them hear or reason? They are not except like
livestock. Rather, they are [even] more astray in [their] way.”
(Qur’an:Furqan: 35: 43-44)

““And We gave them clear proofs of the matter [of religion].And We gave them clear proofs of the matter [of religion]. AndAnd
they did not differ except after knowledge had come to them - outthey did not differ except after knowledge had come to them - out
of jealous animosity between themselves.of jealous animosity between themselves. Indeed, your Lord willIndeed, your Lord will
judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning thatjudge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that
over which they used to differ.”over which they used to differ.”
((Qur’an: Jatsiyah: 45: 17Qur’an: Jatsiyah: 45: 17))

“Then We put you, [O Muhammad], on an ordained way concerning the
matter [of religion – SHARI’AH]; so follow it and do not follow the
inclinations of those who do not know. Indeed, they will never avail you
against Allah at all. And indeed, the wrongdoers are allies of one
another; but Allah is the protector of the righteous.”
(Qur’an: Jatsiyah: 45: 18)

“Fair in the eyes of men isFair in the eyes of men is the love of things they covetthe love of things they covet: women: women
and sons; heaped-up hoards of gold and silver; horses brandedand sons; heaped-up hoards of gold and silver; horses branded
(for blood and excellence); and (wealth of) cattle and well-tilled(for blood and excellence); and (wealth of) cattle and well-tilled
land. Such are the possessions of this world's life;land. Such are the possessions of this world's life; but inbut in
nearness to Allah is the best of the goalsnearness to Allah is the best of the goals (to return to).”(to return to).”
((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3:14Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3:14))

"But seek, with the (wealth) which Allah has bestowed on"But seek, with the (wealth) which Allah has bestowed on
thee, the Home of the Hereafter, nor forget thy portion inthee, the Home of the Hereafter, nor forget thy portion in
this world: butthis world: but do thou good, as Allah has been good todo thou good, as Allah has been good to
theethee, and seek not (occasions for) mischief in the land: for, and seek not (occasions for) mischief in the land: for
Allah loves not those who do mischief."Allah loves not those who do mischief."
((Qur’an: Qasas: 28: 77Qur’an: Qasas: 28: 77))

"Be not deceived by the [uninhibited] movement of the
disbelievers throughout the land. [It is but] a small
enjoyment; then their [final] refuge is Hell, and wretched is
the resting place."
(Qur’an: Aasli ‘Imran: 3: 196-197)

““Behold, Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and theBehold, Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and the
giving (i.e. generosity) to kith and kin (i.e. fellow man), and Hegiving (i.e. generosity) to kith and kin (i.e. fellow man), and He
forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: Heforbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He
instructs you, that ye may receive admonition.”instructs you, that ye may receive admonition.”
((Qur’an: an-Nahlu: 16 : 90Qur’an: an-Nahlu: 16 : 90))
TO BE CONTINUED -TO BE CONTINUED -

““O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true and grant us theO Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true and grant us the
ability to follow it.ability to follow it.
And make us see Falsehood to be false and grant us theAnd make us see Falsehood to be false and grant us the
ability to reject it.”ability to reject it.”

"O Allah! I ask Your Blessings and peace be upon Muhammad"O Allah! I ask Your Blessings and peace be upon Muhammad
and his Household and companions.”and his Household and companions.”

O Allah, Thou art the All-Eternal the everO Allah, Thou art the All-Eternal the ever
Existing the Source of every great Bestowals.Existing the Source of every great Bestowals.
And thanks to Thy great mercy and graceAnd thanks to Thy great mercy and grace
which is the source of everything happening.which is the source of everything happening.

This new year we beseech You (O Allah) to acceptThis new year we beseech You (O Allah) to accept
our supplication seeking (Your) protection for usour supplication seeking (Your) protection for us
all from satan, and from his allies and from hisall from satan, and from his allies and from his
armies.armies.

And help us to overcome our commanding SelfAnd help us to overcome our commanding Self
((NAFS -AL-AMARAHNAFS -AL-AMARAH) which inclines towards evil) which inclines towards evil
and wrong.and wrong.
Make it (our Self –Make it (our Self – NAFSNAFS) to always be engaged) to always be engaged
and busy in matters that will bring us closer to You.and busy in matters that will bring us closer to You.

““O Allah! Verily I beg of You for aO Allah! Verily I beg of You for a NAFSNAFS (self-soul) that is in(self-soul) that is in
tranquillitytranquillity with You, awith You, a NAFSNAFS (a self-soul) that is(a self-soul) that is certain andcertain and
believesbelieves in meeting with You, (a self-soul that is always)in meeting with You, (a self-soul that is always) pleasedpleased
with whatever You have decreed for me, andwith whatever You have decreed for me, and satisfiedsatisfied with all thatwith all that
You have given me.”You have given me.”

O You Who is the Possessor of Honour and Majesty.O You Who is the Possessor of Honour and Majesty.
O You Who is the Most Merciful of those who showO You Who is the Most Merciful of those who show
Mercy.Mercy.

"Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and anything we may"Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and anything we may
have done that transgressed our duty; establish ourhave done that transgressed our duty; establish our
feet firmly and help us against those that resistfeet firmly and help us against those that resist
Faith."Faith."

"Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have"Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have
forgotten or erred.forgotten or erred.
Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that whichOur Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which
You laid upon those before us.You laid upon those before us.
Our Lord, and burden us not with that which we have noOur Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no
ability to bear.ability to bear.
And pardon us; and forgive us; and have mercy upon us.And pardon us; and forgive us; and have mercy upon us.
You are our protector, so give us victory over theYou are our protector, so give us victory over the
disbelieving people."disbelieving people."

““Our Lord! we believe; then do Thou forgiveOur Lord! we believe; then do Thou forgive
us, and have mercy upon us: for Thou art theus, and have mercy upon us: for Thou art the
Best of those Who show mercy!”Best of those Who show mercy!”

"Our Lord! Grant unto us wives/husbands and"Our Lord! Grant unto us wives/husbands and
offspring who will be the comfort of our eyesoffspring who will be the comfort of our eyes
and give us (the grace) to lead the righteous."and give us (the grace) to lead the righteous."

"Our Lord! Bestow on us Mercy from Thyself, and"Our Lord! Bestow on us Mercy from Thyself, and
dispose of our affair for us in the right way! “dispose of our affair for us in the right way! “

““Our Lord! we have wronged our own souls:Our Lord! we have wronged our own souls:
if Thou forgive us not and bestow not uponif Thou forgive us not and bestow not upon
us Thy Mercy we shall certainly be lost."us Thy Mercy we shall certainly be lost."

"O our Lord! cover (us) with Thy Forgiveness―"O our Lord! cover (us) with Thy Forgiveness―
me, my parents, and (all) Believers, on the Dayme, my parents, and (all) Believers, on the Day
that the Reckoning will be established!"that the Reckoning will be established!"

"Our Lord! Forgive us, and our brethren who"Our Lord! Forgive us, and our brethren who
came before us into the Faith and leave not in ourcame before us into the Faith and leave not in our
hearts, rancour (or sense of injury) against thosehearts, rancour (or sense of injury) against those
who have believed Our Lord! Thou art indeed Fullwho have believed Our Lord! Thou art indeed Full
of Kindness, Most Merciful.“of Kindness, Most Merciful.“

“Our Lord! Give us good in this world and
good in the Hereafter and save us from the
torment of the fire!"

And salutations of Allah and Peace be upon ourAnd salutations of Allah and Peace be upon our
Leader Muhammad, and upon His householdLeader Muhammad, and upon His household
and Companions .and Companions .

And all the Praises belongs to Allah,And all the Praises belongs to Allah,
Lord Sustainer of all the worldLord Sustainer of all the world

http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/
http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/
http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/
http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/
http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/
http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/
http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/
http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/
All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:
118All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

[Slideshare] akhlaq-batch#5-(aug-2016-intake) - lesson#3 -about-the-nafs-(31-august-2016)

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