Architecture analysis of Chin Woo Stadium

2. CONTENT
Introduction 03
Fast Facts 04-06
History 07-08
Architect 09
ARCHITECTURE STYLE 10-14
SHANGHAI INFLUENCED 11-13
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 14-22
BUILDING MATERIALS 23-29
ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS 30-35
Conclusion 47
References 48
02

3. Klang Valley beyond the boundaries of Kuala Lumpur, which is the largest city in Malaysia, which
was founded in 1857 at the confluence of the Gombak and Klang rivers. Klang Valley is a rich source
of architectural heritage dated from pre-colonial, colonial, post independence until present times.
The historical richness creates a very vibrant architectural fabric. The modern architecture emerges
rapidly from 1950’s to 1970’s as the economic growth spurs.
Stadium Chin Woo, which is located at Jalan Hang Jebat, Kuala Lumpur. . Jalan Hang Jebat, previ-
ously known as Davidson Road during British rule is the tree-lined in the heart of the capital, Kuala
Lumpur.
Introduction
The insights of Chin Woo Stadium
remains perched on the hill since its
opening on 1953. Older residents of
Kuala Lumpur will remember the
many sporting and entertainment
events held at the venue with the
giant spot sign on the roof. The sta-
dium was the first sports facility in
the country with an Olympic-sized
swimming pool that operated by the
Chin Woo Athletic Association Se-
langor.
01 Swimming pool in the Chin Woo
Stadium which providing swimming
class
02 Daytime view of Chin Woo Sta-
dium
03 Night view of Chin Woo Stadium
04 Interior of Chin Woo Stadium
01
02 03
04
03

4. The nearby landmarks are Balai Polis Tun HS Lee(A), Stadium Mederka(B),
Chinese Assembly Hall(C), Kampung Attap (D), High Street Traffic Police
Station (E), Stadium Negara (F), Chinatown Kuala Lumpur (G), Wisma
OCM (I), MABA Basketball Stadium (J), SMK Confucian Chinese School
(K), Church of St. Anthony (Q), Hentian Puduraya & Hotel Puduraya (P),
Plaza Rakyat(R), Tengkat Tong Shin (T), Pudu Jalil (U), Victoria Institu-
tion-VI School (V), Ibu Pejabat Polis Kontinjen Kuala Lumpur (W), Balai
Bomba & Penyelamat Jalan Hang Tuah (X).
Location of Chin Woo Stadium
Address:
Chin Woo Stadium, Jalan Hang Jebat, 50150 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia.
04

5. Wushu Activities
The major objectives:
To promote the interest to the public and members to take
up training and to popularized the Wushu Activities both in
Traditional Routines and the Competition Sets. And to Con-
duct Research studies, Seminars or Trainings for Advance
Wushu Classes
The role of Wushu Activity Bureau is to publicize and pro-
mote Chinwoo martial arts through two major intentions,
they are:
1. To Promote the Chinwoo Wushu and to Win the
Worldwide Recognition
2. To cultivate Wushu specialist to take the responsi-
bility to pass down the Wushu knowledge so that it won’t
vanquish
Martial Arts Section
Chinwoo Athletic Association Selangor and Kuala Lumpur
concentrates 3 education parts that physical education, intel-
lectual education and moral education. Intellectual education
is aimed to cultivate intact and perfect character. It can develop
the Chinese culture. Therefore, literary culture section has re-
sponding to extend Chinese culture and communicate knowl-
edge, literature, art culture and others. It has organizing forum
and academy competition in every year.
• Chinese Painting Class:
• Children Painting Class:
• Calligraphy Class:
• Chinese Chess Corps:
Literary Culture Section
01 & 02 Children and
adult can preactice Wushu
in stadium and also take
part competitions
03 Children painting class
in Chin Woo Stadium
04 Chinese painting class
is to promote Chinese
culture
05 Chinese chess corps
is to cultivate intact and
perfect character
06 Calligarphy class is to
promote Chinese cultur
and Chinese communica-
tion knowledge
01
02
03
04
05 06
05

6. Three Chin Woo’s virtues
WISDOM
Man of Wisdom cannot be mislead
BENEVOLANCE
Man of Benevolence has no worry
COURAGE
Man of Courage has no fear
SPIRIT OF CHIN WOO
The Chin Woo Association emblem has designed
to have a shield and three inner circles.
Shield protection
The three inner circles The three principles of
Chin Woo to be united under brotherhood
Red circle philosophy
Blue circle freedom
Gold outer boundary equality
Four top angles in the shield philosophy,
knowledge, deep thinking and judgment
Fifth bottom angle the previous four are reli-
ant on the fifth that stands for practice.
01 The Central of Chin Woo Record
which recorded the virtues and con-
pept of Chin Woo
02 Chin Woo School nearby the Chin
Woo Stadium
03 The Chin Woo Association em-
blem01
02
Chin Woo’s concepts
Man
To train physically, intellectually and morally to
achieve all around ability
Character
To be clean and respect others and self
Demeanour
To be honest and frank and to love and treat oth-
ers universally and equally
Words and deeds
To justify one’s behavior and manners with his
words and deeds
Trustworthiness
To honour every pledge and promise
Punctuality
To be punctual in appointment seek and no par-
don
Justice
To uphold justice impartially
Service
To serve and not to be served
Welfare
To give and not to take
Fraternity
To love others and self like brothers
03
06

7. History of Chin Woo Athletic Association
Selangor and Kuala Lumpur
(Chin Woo Athletic Association Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, n.d.)
1930
Chin Woo was formed as a long-term project mainly focus on intensive
expansion of the association. The project included:
(1) Establishing a New Building for Chin Woo School
(2) Establishing a Chin Woo Administrative Centre
(3) Building a Chin Woo multi-purpose stadium
(4) To Enhance Facilities for all Activities and Improve Effectiveness of
Training
(5) Formation of Malaysia-Singapore Chin Woo Federation
Unfortunately, the Association was force to stop functioning and these
projects were abandoned because of World War 2. The newly recognized
Association came back to function shortly after the war and had successful-
ly achieved the projects mentioned above.
1947
The land which the current Chin Woo located was bought after Chin Woo
raised enough capital and invested wisely in some landed properties when
they made benefit from the operation of lotteries and long term saving.
The Building Fund Committee Board was formed under the leadership of
Mr. Chen Tai Jie.
1950
New school building for Pasar Road Chin Woo School was completed. Officiated
by the past president, Mr. Zhang Yu Chai. Charity club was started and aimed to
provide more capable student. The school was renamed to Sekolah Jenis Kebang-
saan Cina Chin Woo under the aids of the Government.
1950-1953
Chin Woo Stadium which located at Jalan Hang Jebat was constructed.
This project was officiated by His Royal Highness Sultan Hishammudin Alam
Shah on 31th of August 1950.
Opening ceremony was honourably officiated by His Excellency, Sir. Mc Donald,
the High Commissioner of Great Britain and witnessed by the local leader on the
11th December 1953.
This was a remarkable date that worthwhile written in the history of Chin Woo
Association.
1929
Chin Woo School was formed.
07

8. 1954
Olympic sized swimming pool was completed and officiated by Tan Sri Lee
Guang Qian. The facility of the pool was considered as the best one in the
region of South East Asian at that time.
Late 50’s-1970
Chin Woo sold few properties to cover the increasing expenses. Some
activities were also forced to stop.
1972
Chin Woo was deregistered on 26th of December 1972 because the Asso-
ciation failed to submit Audited Reports for the years 1970 and 1971. The
properties were also taken over controlled by public Trustees/Assignees Dr.
Choon Thiam Tat and Zhou Rui Biao.
1977
The Association got back the Registration and reclaimed the properties on
25th of January 1977. Tan Sri Lee Yan Lian and the new committee then
successfully cleared the debts that accounted up over a million ringgit.
1992
Chin Woo signed up a Joint- Venture agreement with a contractor on 26th of
March 1992 to develop a land located at Jalan Kenanga, Kuala Lumpur and Chin
Woo gets a 13- storey building- the Chin Woo Court, which houses 154 units and
160 parking place with swimming pool and squash facilities. The rental derived
became the main source of income for Chin Woo.
1992
Chin Woo was officially renamed as Chin Woo Athletic Association Selangor and
Kuala Lumpur on 28th of June 1992. The Chin Woo Athletic Association Selan-
gor and Kuala Lumpur is the founder member for the formation of the Federation
of the World International Chin Woo Athletic Association, and established good
relationship among all Chin Woo Associations in the world.
08

9. ARCHITECT
Dato’ Y. T. Lee, also Lee Yoon Thim (1905-
1977) was a Malaysian Chinese architect
active in Kuala Lumpur in the 1950s and
1960s. He was one of those who helped
‘Build Merdeka’ after Malaysia indepen-
dence,1963.
He had proposed many landmarks building in Kuala Lumpur, such as:
Too House, Chin Woo Stadium, MBS, Sentul, UMNO building, Dewan
Pustaka, Federal Hotel, Kampung Baru Mosque, Chinese Maternity
Association KL. Ar-Rahman Mosque, East Asia building, and Sin Hoe
building. The significance of Lee’s work is that it is mainly influential
to the development of the country in its early years. Dato’ Y.T. Lee died
in 7/2/1977, by the age of 72, and was buried in the Chinese cemetery.
01 Federal Hotel
The Federal Hotel was built in 1957 to accommodate the declaration of
Merdeka, Malaya’s Independence Day. It was founded by Tan Sri Low
Yat.
02 Dewan Pustaka Dan Bahasa
The construction was completed on January 31, 1962. Its most promi-
nent feature is a 65 by 25 foot glazed mosaic mural, designed by Ismail
Mustam. The complex’s layout on the prominent site was likened to the
United Nations: there is a figural auditorium that faces the traffic circle,
and behind it lies the broad administrative block.
09

10. ARCHITECTURE STYLE
History of Art Deco 11-12
Chin Woo Stadium 13-14
Buffalo City Hall 15-16
Art Deco & Art Nouveau 17
Conclusion 18
BY YAP ZHONG LIN 0310557
10

11. HISTORY
Art Deco was originally called the Modernistic style, or Style Moderne.
However, by the 1970s the term “Art Deco” was widely used; it was coined
at the great Paris art exhibition of 1925 - the L' Exposition Internationale
des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes (Hillier 11). Also, Art Deco is
sometimes called depression moderne because many Art Deco buildings
were built during the Great Depression in the 1930s. (Benton, C. 2003)
Some art movements that had a major influence on Art Deco were:
• Cubism: Reduction of natural forms to their geometrical equivalents
• Expressionism: Forms derived from nature are distorted or exaggerated
and colors are intensified for emotive or expressive purposes
• Futurism: Forms derived chiefly from Cubism were used to represent
rapid movements and dynamic motion; showing hostility to traditional
forms of expression
• Vorticism : Using the concept of a vortex
01 Cubism - The Musician by Tamara de Lempicka (1929)
02 Expressionism - Metropolis by Fritz Lang (1927)
03 Futurism – Architecture by Antonio Sant’Elia (1914)
04 Vorticism – Sketch by Henri Gaudier-Brzeska
ART DECO STYLE (1925 – 1940)
01 02 03
04
11

12. The Paris Exhibition in 1925 focused primarily on the Art Deco movement in
France. However, the discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb in November of 1922
spawned a worldwide fascination with all things Egyptian, further contributing
to the evolving aesthetic of Art Deco. Egyptomania, as it came to be known,
spread throughout the globe like wild fire and influenced everything from ar-
chitecture to jewellery to furniture. Hence, we recognize the classic Egyptian
Ziggurat (staggered tier, zigzag and pyramid shape) as a classic Art Deco motif.
(Hillier, B., & Escritt S, 1997)
THE PARIS EXBITION (1925)
During the Depression, very few buildings (espe-
cially houses) were constructed. One exception was
New York City where rectangular skyscrapers next
to narrow sidewalks were being built, the result of
which was that very little light was reaching the pe-
destrian sidewalks.
Thus, in 1924, a “setback” ordinance was passed:
upper stories of a tall building were stepped back
from the lower stories to allow more light to reach
the street. Art Deco buildings in other cities imitat-
ed the setback feature to the extent that it became a
01: Poster of “The Paris Exhibition – 1925”
02: Djoser Pyramid - Sakkara, Egypt
03: Art Deco Courthouse, BolderCountry
04: New York Flying - High street
SETBACKS
01
02
03
04
12

13. MULTI-LEVEL FLAT ROOF
Art deco or streamline buildings usually have
a flat roof.
CHIN WOO STADIUM (ART MODERNE)
ROUNDED EDGES
Technology allowed for construc-
tion to be built with rounded cor-
ners in the 1930’s and 1940’s. The
design of ships influenced architec-
ture of Stadium Chin Woo. Round-
ed corners made buildings appear
aerodynamic, fast and sleek.
EYEBROWS
HORIZONTAL CANTILIVERED
Horizontal grooves or lines in wall
METAL CASEMENT WINDOWS
COLUMNS
VERTICAL TOWER
13

14. SUBDUED COLOURS
Interior base colours were typically off-
whites and trim colours were typically
darker colours which are light pink, light
green and light blue. (Or bright metals)
to contrast from the light base.
INTERIOR
FLOORING
PORTHOLE SHAPED
(AIR VENTILATION)
Inspired by the porthole windows in the
ship.
01 Ceramic Tiles
02 Terazzo
03 & 04 Parquet
01
03
02
04
14

15. BUFFALO CITY HALL, NEW YORK (CLASSICAL ART DECO)
INTENSE CO-
LOURS IN TER-
RA-COTTA
Shaped like min-
iature Art Deco
buildings
SCULPTURED
DECORATION
throughout the
interior and exte-
rior
PATTERNS OF
DIAMOND AND
ZIGZAGS
on the ceilings
form-ed by stone
beam
SETBACKS
Leaving soar-
ing central tower
flanked by two
wings
SYMBOLISMS
The individual
red triangles are
in the form of
Native American
masks.
STYLIZED VO-
LUTES
Art Deco reeded
columns meant to
represent strength
in unity
PARAPETS VERTICAL EMPHASIS
15

16. INTERIOR
COLOURS & MATERI-
ALS
Base: Green Granite
Main Body: Ohio Sandstone
Upper Floors:
Yellowish stone with poly-
chrome terra cotta tiles at the
top of the tower
Intricately patterned lobby
ceiling
Ornamental pilaster repre-
senting four civic virtues
MOSAIC TILES
The tile mosaic patterns on
the arched ceiling are sym-
bolic of the Iroquois Nation,
which shared the shores of
Lake Eerie and Ontario.
SUNBURST
Sunrise and floral patterns in
ornamentation
Stained Glass Ceiling
A very large art glass sun-
burst helps light the Common
Council Chamber
16

17. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLASSICAL ART DECO & ART MODERNE
CLASSICAL ART DECO ART MODERNE
• Early type of Art Deco
• Emerged in early 1920s after World
War I
• Setbacks
• Vertical Emphasis
• Ornate entranceways but austere
exterior
• Angular and geometric patterns in-
laid into facades:
~ Zigzags
~ Sunbursts
~ Chevrons
~ Sweeping curves
~ Egyptian, Floral & Bird mo tifs
• Ziggurats
• Symmetrical
• Gold accents
• Use of bold colours specifically
green, yellow turquoise and ruby
• Inlaid stained glass
• Liberal use of stainless steel, alu-
minium, marble & glass
• Late type of the Art Deco
• Emerged in the 1930s after World
War II
• Flat roof
• Aerodynamic
• Horizontal orientation
• Rounded edge
• Corner windows
• Porthole windows
• Metal window frames (Sash/ Case-
ment)
• Chrome Hardware
• Smooth exterior finishes
• Subdued colours
• Functionalism
• Constructivism
• First to incorporate electric light
into architectural structure.
• Widespread design for automobiles
Art Nouveau to Art Deco
Why there’s so much difference between early and late Art Deco? Early
Art Deco followed in Art Nouveau’s footsteps in that it also paid homage to
beauty, but it was a more ‘modern’ interpretation.
The Machine Age was well underway at this time and function became
an important requirement again. The rounded, scroll, naturalistic motifs of
Nouveau were replaced with geometric, angular and streamlined motifs like
zigzags and chevrons. Function was important, but not at the expense of beauty
and decoration.
Art Deco is both a functional AND decorative artistic style. In essence,
Art Deco is a modern interpretation of the art movement that preceded it, Art
Nouveau. So it may be helpful to structure the Art.
Art Nouveau Lamp Art Deco Lamp
17

18. What influenced the transition between EARLY and
LATE Art Deco Style?
With the stock market crash of 1929, the Great Depression began to
spread throughout the globe. Although it would be a couple more years before
the average family began to experience the effect of this economic downturn,
the optimism of the 20s was beginning to be replaced with a bleak sombreness.
Nevertheless, the Art Deco movement continued to flourish in the ear-
ly 1930s. Members of high society still favoured the works of Art Deco
artists and craftsmen. Less expensive materials were being co-mingled with
luxury materials which satisfied the less affluent consumer. People were still
able to purchase luxury products, albeit at a much more palatable price.
By the mid 1930s however, the world had been badly bruised and beat-
en by the Depression and Art Deco was an obscene, glittering reminder of a
future than never came. It came to be associated with an opulence and extrava-
gance that had no place in the stark reality of the day. Moreover, as the threat of
a second world war loomed closer and closer, Art Deco was looked upon ever
more vehemently. And with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Classical Art
Deco was dead.
Chin Woo Stadium is most suitable for Streamline/Art Moderne com-
pared to Classical Art Deco is because:
• The Streamline Moderne was both a reaction to Art Deco and a re-
flection of austere economic times; Sharp angles were replaced with simple,
aerodynamic curves. Exotic woods and stone were replaced with cement and
glass.
• Stadium focused more on functionality. Hence, Art Moderne style is
simplified from Classical Art Deco but still remains the aesthetic of a building.
In Chin Woo Stadium, unnecessary ornamental elements weren’t used.
• Early Art Deco style often used in large buildings such as Skyscrapers,
hotels and cinemas
The relationship between demanded quality and characteristics of an
Art Deco building show strong correlation between functionality, design and
customer preference for something new and unseen until its time in art and
architecture. The designing concept was the expression of the new age and
modernisms that was in opposition to the old values and traumas of the First
World War. The Art Deco buildings’ design huge success was copied in several
waves later in the 50-ies and 80-ies. Whereas Chin Woo Stadium was built
within the years 1950 to 1953.
CONCLUSION 18

19. SHANGHAI INFLUENCED
BY ONG YII SIANG 0302692
19
Architecture Influence 20-23
Conclusion 24

20. The Art Deco style of Chin Woo Stadium is large-
ly influenced by the architecture of Shanghai,
China, during the French Concession. Art Deco
is considered as the motif of Shanghai architec-
ture, distinguishing its most significant buildings.
As a result of the construction boom during the
1920s and 1930s in Shanghai, the city boasts one
of the world’s largest numbers of Art Deco build-
ings. Since Chin Woo Athletic Association has its
root in Shanghai, in the early 20th century, the
architecture style of Chin Woo Stadium is clearly
inspired by Shanghai’s Art Deco which flourished
during that period.
ARCHITECTURE
STYLE INFLUENCE
One of the most famous ar-
chitects working in Shanghai
was László Hudec, a Hungar-
ian-Slovak architect who lived
in the city between 1918 and
1947. Some of his most nota-
ble Art Deco buildings include
the Park Hotel and the Grand
Theater.Broadway Mansions, Shanghai
A map of Shanghai in 1935, showing
the French Concession in red.
Park Hotel,
Shanghai
Shanghai French Concession
The Shanghai French Conces-
sion was a foreign concession in
Shanghai, China from 1849 until
1946, which progressively expand-
ed in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries. The concession came
to an end in 1943 when the Vichy
French government signed it over
to the pro-Japanese puppet gov-
ernment in Nanking. For much of
the 20th century, the area covered
by the former French Concession
remained the premier residential
and retail district of Shanghai, and
was also the centre of Catholicism
in Shanghai.
20

21. 21
The curving form of Chin Woo Stadium with rounded edges expresses the
essence of late Art Deco. The stadium’s façade is distinguished by the typical
strong horizontal and vertical elements of Art Deco with a clock tower em-
phasising a corner. Flag poles can also be seen attached to the main entrance
canopy. Meanwhile, Capitol Theatre, a masterpiece of Art Deco in Shanghai
designed by Austrian architect GH Gonda, has the same characteristic of
horizontal and vertical elements, but with an Expressionist corner tower and
the absence of flag poles. In order to accentuate aerodynamic concepts of Art
Deco, horizontal banding which comes in group of three is incised on the
façade of Chin Woo Stadium. The curved façade of Capitol Theatre lacks this
simplified ornamentation, but is decorated with geometric motifs in place of
the horizontal bonding. The sweeping curves and towers of both buildings
are features of the nautical elements which can be occasionally found in late
Art Deco buildings.
Chin Woo Stadium
Capitol Theatre, Shanghai
Flag poles and hori-
zontal banding

22. 22
Influenced by Chinese architecture, the exterior of Chin Woo Stadi-
um is cladded with Shanghai plaster, a vintage decorative concrete
option which gives the appearance of sculpted stone. The building’s
main entrance is flanked by two flattened pilasters while sliced pilas-
ters are attached to the façade. Flattened pilasters are also attached to
the front doorway and facade of Capitol Theatre. However, the the-
atre’s façade is cladded with smooth stucco finish. In addition, the
façade of Chin Woo Stadium which is made of concrete and glass is
not load-bearing. This offers flexibility to the facade being curved all
the way round to form the perimeter of the building. Due to techno-
logical advancements of the time, the free façade also allows for vast
openings and long horizontal strips of metal casement windows to
stretch to greater lengths. Besides, the windows are possible to be
placed nearly full-height of the level, reducing the heaviness of con-
crete used. Likewise, the façade of the fan-shaped Capitol Theatre
shares the similarity of Chin Woo Stadium in this respect. The long
horizontal windows of both buildings represent the aerodynamic
pure-line concept of motion and speed established from scientific
thinking.
Pilasters on the façade of Chin
Woo Stadium.
Shanghai Plaster
Main entrance of Capitol Theater.

23. 23
Furthermore, Art Deco-inspired window grilles with Chinese lattice motifs can be
found on both Chin Woo Stadium and Capitol Theatre. Also, the polished surface
and brilliant colour of Chinese jade inspires the use of decorative materials such as
mosaic tile. Vivid and subdued coloured tiles can be seen applied to the floor, stair-
cases as well as interior columns of Chin Woo Stadium and Capitol Theatre. Inside
Chin Woo Stadium, the huge arches spanning from one end to the other at the ceiling
of the stadium does not only showcase technology but also allows for large empty
space beneath without the need of columns. The free and open plan provides huge
space for performance, events and seating places. Similarly, every seat in Capitol The-
atre has a clear view of the stage as there are no columns despite the large size of the
auditorium. This is made possible by the use of large reinforced concrete beams span-
ning the entire auditorium, carried by huge reinforced concrete columns in the side
walls, resting on a reinforced concrete foundation beam raft to prevent an unequal
settlement of the building.
Mosaic tiles
with different
colours and
geometric
shapes are
applied to col-
umns,
floors and
stairs.
Window grilles
decorated with
Chinese lattice
motifs.
Above: The auditorium of Capitol Theatre, Shanghai.
Below: The hall of Chin Woo Stadium, Kuala Lumpur

24. 24
In a nutshell, the Art Deco style is characterised by smooth lines, geometric
shapes, streamlined forms, bright and sometimes garish colours, reflecting
modern technology. The Art Deco style of Chin Woo Stadium is unique as
traditional Chinese design elements are incorporated into a basic Art Deco
palate. Since it is a building style that invokes symmetry, Art Deco works
particularly well with Feng Shui, making it popular with local Chinese.
CONCLUSION

25. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Construction of Chin Woo Stadium 26
Floor System 27
Beams and Columns 28
Wall System 29-30
Multi-level Flat Roof 31
Comparison 32-33
BY TOH CHEE CHENG 0311122
25

26. Curved Precast
Concrete Wall
Masonry
Multi- Level Flat Roof
Curved Beam
Column
Structural System
Chin Woo Stadium used a traditional steel superstructure with concrete caissons transferring build-
ing loads to bedrock which is one of the method been widely used in the Art Deco buildings. Con-
crete slab supported floor and roof gravity loads on composite steel deck, resting on wide flange
beams and girders and transferred to the foundation by wide-flange columns.
Introduction
Chin Woo Stadium was constructed on top of a hill at Jalan Hang Jebat, which took 3 years to
complete a stadium, including a badminton court, music room, martial arts court, restaurant,
dance hall and wash room. Chin Woo Stadium adopted the late Art Deco Style, which also
known as Art Moderne construction method including the design concept, massing, and ma-
terials selection.
Concrete Slab
The Construction of Chin Woo Stadium
26

27. Floor System
Chin Woo Stadium uses Concrete Waffle Raft Slab in the construction to achieve the same function as foundation on the ground as it needs to support live load
and dead load transferred from column and bearing wall. At first, the site is excavated to place the form work and prepare for the slab bedding. Steel reinforced
mesh was added to have a very high compressive strength to and prepare for the slab bedding. Steel reinforced mesh was added to have a very high compressive
strength to able to take load from the entire building and transmit the superimposed loads to support system. Reinforce Mesh was placed before mixing concrete
then pouring the slab. The concrete has been cut into 2cm groove into the slab for every 150cm to provide control joint that function to prevent crack. The flexi-
bility of the slab also allows different finishes to be apply on it, such as carpet, tiles and timber. (Various types of RCC Slabs , 2014)
Concrete Slab
Concrete Fill
Steel Mesh
Waffle Pod
Details of Floor Slab
01
02 03 04
05 06 07
01 Site Excavation
02 Formwork
03 Slab Bedding
04 Column Construction
05 Parquet Floorig
06 Cement Concrete Flooring with Paint
07 Tiles Flooring
27

28. Beams and Columns
Columns
Building loads are transferred to the foundation via wide-flange columns. Loads are transferred to
the foundation through base plates Base plate dimensions vary with column dimensions to allow
sufficient room around the column for the anchor bolts. The steel frame bears on precisely located
foundation elements that are incorporated into the existing building’s foundation system. The foun-
dation is a strategic design of cast-in-place concrete pads and strips supplemented with steel screw
piles and concrete micropiles.
Beams
14 Curve beams is used to provide supports to
the 3 layers of flat roof on top of it, and trans-
ferring the load to column and supports the lay-
ering roof. Curved beams are also used because
it needs to coordinate with the layering of roof.
Plan of Chin Woo Stadium
Base Plate
Wide Flange Column
01 02
03
01 Superstructure of Stadium
02 Construction of Column
03 Beams of Chin Woo Stadium
28

29. Wall System
Most of the walls in Chin Woo Stadium are load bearing walls. It bear some of the building’s weight such as, carry large windows area, as well as its own
weight. There are three types of building can be found in this building, they are, cast in situ Concrete Wall, Masonry Wall and Dry wall.
Cast in Situ Concrete Wall
Prepare timber formwork with steel reinforce-
ment mix into form bar, then pour concrete into
formwork. Then remove the formwork when it is
cure. The reinforce concrete wall is now complet-
ed, enable the design and appearance of the wall
to be manipulated through the use of formwork
admixtures and additives. , it is easier to curve
the wall due to the advance technology applied.
The wall pieces are joined together and filled with
in-situ concrete. The structural strength of this
material also allows the wall to bear load with
large window areas with better quality control.
The facades obscure much of the stadium bowl
and roof, making the building appear smaller as
you move closer. The finishes of the outermost
wall is Shanghai plaster. It is an exposed aggre-
gate (inert granular materials such as sand, grav-
el, or crushed stone) system that uses traditional
natural pebbles and marble chippings. Shanghai
plaster as a weatherproof material which gives the
appearance of sculpted stone.
The thrusting vertical element
is the belfry that attached to the
curved bowl.
Cantilevered window shades also
included in the building structure.
Eyebrows shade direct sunlight and
keep interior cool.
All doors and windows are framed
in yellow horizontal band adds a
nice finishing touch.
Bowl cast in situ concrete wall
There are also horizontal grooves
lines in wall to emphasize the
horizontality.
Facade of Chin Woo Stadium Showing Components
29

30. Wall System
Masonry Wall
Masonry walls can be found at the interior of Chin
Woo Stadium. Masonries are one of the oldest
material and most common material for the wall
construction in Malaysia. It offers great flexibil-
ity in form and appearance of the building, such
as, forming oval façade. It can bear load from the
windows and doors and transferring the load to the
floor slab.
Dry wall
Dry walls are used for some of the interior parts. Especially found on the podium to divide the spac-
es using wall tracks, metal studs and gypsum boards. (figure : shows the support system of gypsum
board). The interior of stadium are also surrounded by acoustic insulation wall to absorb and provide
better sound insulation.
Stud
Rock Wool ( absorb sound)
Plasterboard on Both Sides
Wall Track
Joints to be Staggered
Fasterner centres in
field of plasterboard
01 Masonry Wall
02 Partition Board
01
02 03 04
03 Partition Board
04 Acoustic Partition
30

31. Multi-Level Flat Roof
Retro Roofing has been used in Chin Woo Stadium. Using main purpose of using Retro
Roofing is it can enhance the thermal efficiency of Chin Woo Stadium by adding insu-
lation. This is exactly importantly as Chin Woo is situated on the highest land, which
exposed under sunlight all the time. But using Retro Roofing keeps the interior of Chin
Woo Stadium cools even it is in a hot weather about 34°C. The installation of the roof
starts with joining the roof trusses to the existing steel frame structure of the building.
Then it was built up step by step until the 3rd layer. Steel roofing solutions last three times
longer than built-up, membrane, shake or asphalt shingle roofs.
This design has limited the sun-
light to reach the interior of the
stadium.
The roof trusses are supported by
the stadium’s vertical concrete col-
umns and curve beams.
Plaster ceiling at the interior of
the stadium reduce the visual
impact of the large trusses which
support the roof.
01
02 03
01 Top View of Roof
02 Details of Roof
03 Interior Ceiling View
31

32. Comparison of Chin Woo Stadium (Late Art Deco) and Highbury Stadium (Early Art Deco)
Highbury Stadium was originally designed by Archibald Leitch as Arsenal Stadium as Early Art Deco Style and constructed in 1913. The football club, “Gun-
ners” moved to the new state of the art, iconic stadium- Emirates Stadium after remained home for 93 years until 2006. Almost immediately after the depar-
ture, work began on transforming the site into a large residential development –the first of a kind Europe. (Highbury Square Stadium, n.d.)
Similarity
The construction method of Chin Woo Stadium and Highbury Stadium are quite similar.
Both of the stadiums are made up of steel superstructure with concrete caissons transfer-
ring building loads to bedrock which is one of the method been widely used in the Art Deco
buildings. Highbury Square Stadium has 6 storey steel frame, while Chin Woo Stadium has 3
Storey steel frame. The steel frame can still be seen in the interior of Highbury Stadium while
Chin Woo hide the steel frame completely out of the sight of users.
Both of the stadiums cover the superstructures using masonries façade. However,
Chin Woo Stadium uses cast in situ concrete wall at the front bowl while Highbury
Stadium uses only concrete. The finishing of the walls are also much different. As
Chin Woo Stadium used Shanghai Plaster and Highbury Stadium used marble at
the entrance.
Both of the stadiums uses in situ concrete slabs as it is has high compressive strength to carry the
building load on ground.
01 02
03 04
05
01 Chin Woo Stadium Steel Superstructure
02 Highbury Stadium Steel Superstructure
03 Chin Woo Stadium Masonry Facade
04 Highbury Stadium Masonry Facade
05 In Situ Concrete Slab For Both Chin
Woo and Highbury Stadium
32

33. Comparison of Chin Woo Stadium (Late Art Deco) and Highbury Stadium (Early Art Deco)
Differences
However, there are still few differences can be found in Chin Woo Stadium and Highbury Stadium.
The construction of the roof of Highbury Stadium
will appear to be more complex because it needs to
suits all of the 4 climate in that country. The roof
will be more slanted to reduce the pressure of the
roof when snow accumulate above the roof. And
allow the snow be be slip off the roof. Flat roof in
Malaysia keeps the interior of the building cool by
using Retro Roofing.
The curvy façade of Chin Woo made the win-
dows look complex as people may think that
the windows are bent when look at it. The
window of Highbury building looks simpler.
01 Chin Woo Stadium Flat Roof
02 Highbury Stadium Roof
0201
03 04
03 Chin Woo Stadium Circular Bay Windows
04 Highbury Stadium Flat Windows
33

34. BUILDING MATERIALS
Concrete Block 35
Shanghai Plaster 36
Stucco 37
Terrazzo & Ceramic tiles 38
Art Deco colour & Interior Materials 39
Comparison 40
BY CHEW WOAN CHYIN 0310797
34

35. Chin Woo Stadium was mainly built by concrete block. Concrete
block is a compound material made from sand, gravel and ce-
ment. The cement is a mixture of various minerals which when
mixed with water, hydrate and rapidly become hard binding the
sand and gravel into a solid mass. With walls made from strong
concrete blocks, the limitations of traditional brick-and-mortar
construction could be disregarded.
Concrete Block
01 & 02 Examples of texture of concrete blocks
03 Wall in the progress by using concrete blocks
04 Porperties of the wall of concrete blocks
05 Chin Woo Stadium of concrete block wall
01
02
05
04
03
35

36. Shanghai Plaster
Chin Woo Stadium was a three- storey flat-roofed building with Shanghai plas-
ter. The walls were coated with a very shiny acrylic paint- Shanghai plaster.
Shanghai plaster was a way to seal walls from water damage.
Despite the European derivation of the Art Deco style, there was a China con-
nection. In Europe and America the monumentality often associated with Art
Deco called for construction, or at least cladding, in stone.
In Malaysia where stone was too inaccessible
and expensive, the substitute was ‘Shanghai
plaster’, a cheap, external surfacing material that
could easily be applied by skilled craftsmen and
worked onto the fine decorative detail, which
looked like stone. Both are technology and the
craftsmen came from China, where Shang-
hai was booming in the 1930s and becoming
a great Art Deco architecture and decoration.
Kuala Luampur’s Chinese character was there-
by reinforced. Christie, M. (1983)
01 Art Deco Shanghai plaster with cladding
stone used at the entry of Chin Woo Stadium
02 Shanghai plaster used at the exterior wall
03, 04 & 05 Examples of texture of the Shang-
hai plaster with cladding stone
02
03
04
05
01
36

37. Stucco, a material often used in Art Deco building which also
found in Chin Woo Stadium. Stucco is a mortar mixture used for
siding. Stucco can be made by mixing sand and lime with water
and various other ingredients, most often cement. The mixture is
applied directly to specially prepared masonry surfaces.
Beginning about 1890 and gaining momentum into the 1930’s
and 1940’s, stucco was associated with certain historic architec-
tural styles, including Art Deco, and Art Moderne. Stucco was as
a building material in the United States during this period, since it
clearly looked like adobe.
Stucco
The popularity of stucco as a cheap, and
readily available material meant that by
the 1920's, it was used for an increasing
variety of building types. Resort hotels,
apartment buildings, private mansions
and movie theaters, railroad stations, and
even gas stations and tourist courts took
advantage of the "romance" of period
styles, and adopted the stucco construc-
tion that had become synonymous with
these styles.
01 One of the ways of applying Stucco
02 Application of applying stucco on the concrete blocks
03, 04 & 05 Examples of texture of the stucco
06 Stucco applied on the belfry of Chin Woo Stadium, fully present the Art Deco style
01
02
03
04
05
06
37

38. Terrazzo
There are few types of terrazzo used in Chin Woo
Stadium. There were standard terrazzo and rustic ter-
razzo. Standard terrazzo that terrazzo is made from
relatively small stone chips and typically ground and
polished. It was used as the handrails of the stairs with
two different colour to bring out aesthetic feel.Rustic
terrazzo is a uniformly textured
finish where the binder is recessed
from the chips. It was used as steps
of the exterior stairs to prevent
slipping.
Ceramic tiles that are used as the steps of
stairs are mosaic ceramic tiles, usually less
than 35 cm2. Mosaic can be glazed or un-
glazed and made from porcelain, ceramic,
glass or natural stone.
Ceramic Tiles
01, 02 & 03 Examples of texture of the terrazzo
04 & 05 Examples of texture of the ceramic tiles
06 Staircase in Chin Woo Stadium with Art Deco materials, terrazzo and ceramic tiles
01
02 03
04 05
06
38

39. Chin Woo Stadium used neutrals colours scheme for the
exterior. Art Deco was all about a streamlined, modern
look and a neutral, monochromatic colour scheme easily
achieved this feel. Thus, this colour scheme is more clos-
er to the colour of concrete, Shanghai plaster and stucco
which were the materials used for furnishing of Stadium
Chin Woo.
While for the interior of Chin Woo Stadium was using bold
and bright colours. Colours used in Art Deco are striking
and bold with a lot of contrasts. The economy was boom-
ing in during the Roaring 20s and lively, energetic colors
began to symbolize the prosperity of the times. Art deco
colors can be described as being rich and cool. The interior
walls of Chin Woo Stadium were using pink to match the
green colour sitting zone and also the yellow brown colour
parquet flooring bring the bright and bold contrast effect.
Cranfield, I. (2004)
For the hall of Chin Woo Stadium partition board with in-
ternal filling with rockwool, wooden grooved acoustic panel
and polyester carpet are used as the function of soundproof.
The soundproof materials are needed to be used as Chin Woo
Stadium always held sport competitions, ceremony and wed-
ding dinner for public. While the flooring was used by parquet
wooden floor which is hard and suitable for sporting.
Art Deco Colour Schemes
01 Cremes, beiges, taupes and
medium browns became pop-
ular choices.
04 Hues like canary yellow,
emerald green, peacock blue,
royal purple and brilliant red
became all the rage.
Interior Materials
03, 04 & 05 Polyester carpet, wooden grooved acoustic panel
and partition board as soundproof material for stadium
06 Interior space of Chin Woo Stadium with Art Deco style
01
02
03 04 05
6
39

40. Cotton Bowl Stadium opened in 1930 and still
in use, known as Fair Park Stadium 1930-1936,
which belonged to Art Deco style.
Comparison with Cotton Bowl Stadium
Wrought iron used as decora-
tion
Cotton Bowl was also using wrought iron as
decoration which bent into flowers and sun-
rise shape that are characteristic of Art Deco.
Both stadiums were used in the handrails ofa
staircases.
Indoor vs Outdoor
Cotton Bowl Stadium is an open space stadium
which Chin Woo Stadium was indoor stadium.
For the interior of stadiums, Cotton Bowl Sta-
dium was using plastic and concrete for sitting
which were waterproof materials. While, Chin
Woo Stadium focused on the sound proof ma-
terials.
The time flies, Chin Woo Stadium is still the same condition
until now, while Cotton Bowl Stadium has lots of changes.
Chin Woo Stadium keeps the building as a historical spot.
Instead, Cotton Bowl renovates the stadium but still pre-
serves the Art Deco style. The design team said they plan to
preserve the original stadium entrances. Light Veil is an in-
tegrated façade for the Cotton Bowl Stadium at Fair Park to
replace the historic Art Deco façade. The stainless steel was
also the material used in Art Deco. So, the material used
for new Cotton Wood Stadium is still following Art Deco
but used and designed in modern way. Vertical ribbons of
stainless steel mesh surround the periphery of the stadium,
delicately linking the Art Deco stadium entries while cov-
ering exposed bleachers.
Why were they using concrete
block too?
The Exposition's architect, George Dahl, built
upon the ideas of the City Beautiful movement
Art Deco. Art deco design and concrete block
building materials were the tools of the time.
Dahl's Esplanade became the site's "architec-
tural focal point."
01 The Art Deco style entry
02 The wrought iron gate with decoration
03 The outdoor stadium with waterproof seats
04 Stainless steel used for revonation of
Cotton Wool Stadium which also as Art Deco
01
02
03 04
40

41. ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS
Flooring - Parquet 42
Stairs - Art Deco & Art Nouveau 43
Stairs - Chin Woo Stadium 44
Windows - Porthole Window 45
Windows - Cicular Bay Window 46
BY YAP ZHI JUN 0310738
41

42. Originating in the 1920s, the Art Deco movement was
a break away from tradition in the use of materials
and pattern. In contrast to the flowing lines of the Art
Nouveau period, Art Deco designers began to work
with more straight lines and geometric patterns, and
the materials they chose for their work had to be able
to mimic those lines in form and “feel”. The design of
parquet floors is geometric in shape, which gives re-
laxation to the eyes that will see it. If one follows its
pattern, relaxation is achieved as well as stimulation
to the mind because the design looks like a very big
puzzle. (Pickover, C. A. ,1995)
Chin Woo Stadium used parquet (Art Deco’s materi-
al) as the main finishing for flooring. Almost entire of
the floor in the hall were covered with parquet brings
out the Art Deco feel, emphasizing straight lines and
geometric. Chin Woo Stadium mainly use for sports
activities like badminton, Wushu and etc. Parquet acts
as insulating material helps to maintain the hall tem-
perature especially during activites going. Parquet also
can reduce noise using a simple principle: greater mass
means less vibration, it helps to reduce noise and bring
more peace in big fuctions in the hall. Besides, parquet
flooring is very durable and tough, it is very suitable to
use in Chin Woo Stadium as it is very stable and can
resist pressure created by sports activities.
01 The floor of the hall covered with parquet.
02 Finishes of stairs used parquet too.
03 Arrangment of parquet is ‘inlaid parquet’.
FLOORING - PARQUET
03
02
01
42

43. STAIRS
03 Art Deco
Hoover Building , UK.
Geometric shapes are one of the most
important features in Art Deco, which
could be proved by stremlined lines and
symmetric geometric patterns. Metallic
colours like silver, gold and bronze are
used. The stairs are covered with teraz-
zo and cast-iron railings. Lemme, A. v.
(1986)
Art Nouveau & Art Deco
Art nouveau combines geometric shapes with themes from nature like insects, plants, flowers,
trees and sometimes mythical fairies. The design is also often characterized by its organic, fluid,
asymmetrical curves. It emphasizes on the ‘new’ materials such as glass and iron.
Art deco utilizes geometric shapes too, they are more linear, streamlined, repetitive and sym-
metrical. Sunburst and zigzags are two common shapes featured in art deco designs. When
including natural forms, they tend to be more graphic and textural like the rough edges of a
plant’s leaves or a zebra’s hide.
04 Art Nouveau
Tassel House, Brussels.
The stair hall is an integrated harmo-
ny of linear rhythms, established in
the balustrades of ornamental iron, the
whiplash curves atop the capitals, the
arabesque design a form of buildings
without traditions, and its functions
lent themselves to an architecture that
emphasized openes and spatial flow as
wel as ornate decorative backgrounds.
01 Art nouveau is ornamental, “curvy” and asymmetrical.
02 Art deco is sleek, streamlined, linear and symmetrical.
01 02
04
03
43

44. In Chin Woo Stadium, the stairs are influenced by Art Nouveau and Art Deco.
01 This picture shows two straight stairs located at the side of the office area before enter the main hall which connected ground floor to upper floors.
02 This picture shows stairs are covered with ceramic tiles which started to use in Art Nouveau period. However the handrails are made of wood and terrazo,
materials which are used during Art Deco period. Stair is in Art Deco straight form not curvy like Art Nouveau.
03 This picture shows a stair connect to the seating area. Its handrails are more to Art Nouveau period because of the curvy flower design. The handrails are made
of wrought iron which material that start to use in Art Nouveau period. However, the stairs are covered with parquet, material that used during Art Deco period.
STAIRS INFLUENCED BY ART NOUVEAU & ART DECO
01
04 050302
04 Half circular stair connects
office area to the main hall. The
material use is Art Deco material
- caramic tiles.
05 Half circular stair connects of-
fice area to the exterior. The ma-
terial use is Art Deco material -
Terrazzo.
44

45. WINDOWS - PORTHOLE WINDOW
The Coca-Cola building is recognized by architects as a grand example of Streamline Moderne, a design style invoking speed and motion with long, flowing
lines. The style flourished in 1930s Southern California. As historians David Gebhard and Harriette Von Breton noted in their book, “Los Angeles in the Thir-
ties”: “Streamlining and the Moderne were perfect expressions of an automobile-oriented society. In an affirmation of faith in the future, the aesthetics of speed,
freedom and mobility were applied to buildings, ocean liners, aircraft, refrigerators, radios--anything.”
Derrah and Barbee, an avid yachtsman,
decided a ship motif would project the
attributes Coca-Cola sought to promote:
modernity, cleanliness and progress. Der-
rah’s ocean liner features two rows of port-
hole windows. The Coca-Cola sign atop
the building was built in the shape of a
ship’s bridge.
One aspect that makes porthole windows
unique compared to regular windows is
that they are always circular in shape rath-
er than rectangular or square.
Chin Woo Stadium is consider as
late Art Deco style which is close to
Streamline Moderne style. The exteri-
or form of this stadium also looks like
a ship. Porthole shape is use in Chin
Woo Stadium as ventilation but not as
window. There is one long row of port-
hole ventilation at the both side of the
stadium. The ventilation is important
in the hall to reduce carbon dioxied
produced during sport activities to en-
sure fresh air in the big hall.
45

46. WINDOWS - CIRCULAR BAY WINDOW
Greyhound is kind of Art Deco Modern archi-
tecture in Washington because of its architec-
tural achievements through long accentuated
lines giving the building a horizontal orienta-
tion, help create aerodynamic look and feeling
of speed that the Streamline Modern style seeks
to express. The rounded edges in the structure
and circular bay windows, joining a combina-
tion of windows together into a smooth circular
area. The roof of the building is concealed with
parapet and a emphatic vertical signboard is
placed at the centre of the building.
The exterior of Chin Woo Stadium
is in half circular shape, upper floor
is covered with a full row of vertical
circular bay window. Chin Woo Sta-
dium is located at the hill, the cir-
cular bay window is facing the view
of the town, enable people to have
a panaromic view. Through the pic-
ture, the roof is also concealed with
parapet (Art Deco Modern style),
but the difference is Chin Woo Sta-
dium has a long horizontal eyebrows
act as shade.
The windows of Chin Woo Stadium consist of
three as a set with two double hung windows at
the side, a deadlight in the middle and ventlight
on the top. The materials used are Art Deco’s
materials, wrought iron casement with plain
blue green stained glass.
46

47. CONCLUSION 47
Chin Woo Stadium is an Art Deco building constructed in year 1950 and
completed in 1953. Designed by Architect Y. T. Lee, it is located at Jalan
Hang Jebat, previously known as David Road. Activities such as Martial
Art and Literary Culture Section have been carried out at the stadium.
The three virtues of Chin Woo are Wisdom, Benevolence and Courage.
The stadium is equipped with an Olympic-sized swimming pool operated
by the Chin Woo Athletic Association Selangor. Embraced the technolo-
gy progression during 1930s, the architecture of Chin Woo Stadium em-
phasised curving form, long horizontal and vertical lines with a touch of
Shanghai’s Art Deco. As one of the early modern buildings in Malaysia,
Chin Woo Stadium is rich in culture, heritage and history.

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