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Rotor dynamics in ANSYS
zhangyunfeng@gmail.com
2010-11-4
Application
• Rotating machinery
Catastrophic failure due to excessive vibrations
• Torque to load through rotational speed
• Rotor vibration modes as side effects of
dynamic process of energy transfer from the
source to work.
Rotor dynamics Equation
• M·x’’ + Cs·x’ + K·x = F
• M·x’’ + [Cs+G+Cf]·x’ + [K+Kf]·x = F
• G·x’ = Coriolis force, proportional to velocity
• G – 陀螺矩阵,反对称。
• 转子回转效应,产生科氏力
• Cb, Kb – 轴承支承、密封、流体作用等的阻尼、
刚度矩阵,非对称。
• 以上 各个矩阵往往是转速ω的函数
Coriolis force 科氏力
陀螺力矩 gyroscopic moment
ω
theta
自转角速度Ω
转轴振动频率ω
转轴与中心夹角theat
极转动惯量 Jp
圆盘对质心o’的动量矩 H = Jp Ω
与轴线夹角同样为theta
由于进动,H不断改变方向,产生惯性力矩
Mg = - (ω X H) = H X ω = Jp Ω X ω
方向与平面o’AB垂直,大小为
Mg = Jp Ω ω sin(theta) ~ Jp Ω ω *theta
A
B
Whirl 涡动
• 轴心轨迹:转子轴心o’相对于固定中心o的运动轨迹
• 正向涡动:轴心运动的方向和旋转方向相同 Forward Whirl
• 同步正进动:正向涡动速度和转动速度大小相同
• 反向涡动:轴心运动的方向和旋转方向相反 Backward
Whril
• 同步反进动:反向涡动速度和转动速度大小相同
轴心轨迹
• 转子轴心运动轨迹在平面内的投影
稳定性 stability
失稳 unstable
稳定 stable
转子的定常运动稳定性:
1. 受干扰后,仍能够恢复定常运
动,称为稳定的定常运动。
2. 受干扰后,偏离定常运动,振
动越来越大,这种定常运动史
不稳定的。这种运动称为失稳
运动
材料内阻,部件间摩擦,滑动
轴承油膜力等提供了一个位于
轴心轨迹平面内,和轴心向径
垂直,而且与速度同向的侧向
力,是周向速度增加,向径增
大,偏离定常运动。
由于非线性存在,失稳后振动不会无限增大,
会出现闭环运动(limit cycle oscillation 极限环)
Campbell Diagram 坎贝尔图
转速832rpm下的各阶共振频率
1x
临界转速 critical speed
一般指同步正向涡动
情况
静频
动频
陀螺力矩对临界转速的影响:正进动时,提高临界转速;反进动时,降低临界转速
支撑刚度对临界转速的 影响:刚度增大,临界转速上升;刚度减小,临界转速下降
瀑布图 Waterfall Plot
转速
频率
幅值
• 刚性转子:工作转速<临界转速
• 柔性转子:工作转速>临界转速
• 过临界 – 快速通过临界转速
转子动力学研究的问题
• 临界转速 critical speed
• 不平衡响应 unbalance response
• 稳定性,失稳转速(考虑内阻、轴承、密
封等非线性因素)stability
• 转子现场平衡balancing:动平衡,静平衡
Rotor Dynamics in ANSYS
• Elements support
Coriolis effect
– Mass 21
– Beam 188, 189
– Pipe 288, 289
– Shell 181, 281
– Solid 185, 186, 187
– Solid 272, 273
• Bearing modeling
– Combin14
– Combin214
– Matrix27
– Mpc184
APDL in ANSYS
• Coriolis
– 激活Coriolis效应
• CAMPBELL
– 对预应力结构激活后续的坎
贝尔图分析
• CMOMEGA
– 设定部件转速,支持不同转
速同时存在
• OMEGA
– 设定总体转速
• SYNCHRO
– 设定同步/非同步运动或激励
• PLCAMP
– 画坎贝尔图
• PRCAMP
– 打印坎贝尔图上确定的各阶
临界转速
• PLORB
– 画轴心轨迹,只支持梁、管、
质量单元
• PRORB
– 打印轴心轨迹特性,比如轴
心各点的振幅、相位
• ANHARM
– 动画
Analysis in ANSYS
• Modal analysis – given rotational speed
– Modal frequency, shape
– Eigensolver: QRDAMP, DAMP
• Multiple modal analysis – given series
rotational speed
– Campbell diagram
Analysis in ANSYS
• Harmonic analysis
– Synchronize force 同步载荷
• Unbalance excitation 不平衡质量引起的载荷 1x
• 倍频载荷(例如2x, 3x, 1/2x, 1/3x)
– Non-synchronize force 非同步载荷
• Transient Analysis
– Start-stop
– Disturbance, stability
Examples

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Rotor dynamics in ANSYS

  • 1. Rotor dynamics in ANSYS zhangyunfeng@gmail.com 2010-11-4
  • 3. Catastrophic failure due to excessive vibrations
  • 4. • Torque to load through rotational speed
  • 5. • Rotor vibration modes as side effects of dynamic process of energy transfer from the source to work.
  • 6. Rotor dynamics Equation • M·x’’ + Cs·x’ + K·x = F • M·x’’ + [Cs+G+Cf]·x’ + [K+Kf]·x = F • G·x’ = Coriolis force, proportional to velocity • G – 陀螺矩阵,反对称。 • 转子回转效应,产生科氏力 • Cb, Kb – 轴承支承、密封、流体作用等的阻尼、 刚度矩阵,非对称。 • 以上 各个矩阵往往是转速ω的函数
  • 7. Coriolis force 科氏力 陀螺力矩 gyroscopic moment ω theta 自转角速度Ω 转轴振动频率ω 转轴与中心夹角theat 极转动惯量 Jp 圆盘对质心o’的动量矩 H = Jp Ω 与轴线夹角同样为theta 由于进动,H不断改变方向,产生惯性力矩 Mg = - (ω X H) = H X ω = Jp Ω X ω 方向与平面o’AB垂直,大小为 Mg = Jp Ω ω sin(theta) ~ Jp Ω ω *theta A B
  • 8. Whirl 涡动 • 轴心轨迹:转子轴心o’相对于固定中心o的运动轨迹 • 正向涡动:轴心运动的方向和旋转方向相同 Forward Whirl • 同步正进动:正向涡动速度和转动速度大小相同 • 反向涡动:轴心运动的方向和旋转方向相反 Backward Whril • 同步反进动:反向涡动速度和转动速度大小相同
  • 10. 稳定性 stability 失稳 unstable 稳定 stable 转子的定常运动稳定性: 1. 受干扰后,仍能够恢复定常运 动,称为稳定的定常运动。 2. 受干扰后,偏离定常运动,振 动越来越大,这种定常运动史 不稳定的。这种运动称为失稳 运动 材料内阻,部件间摩擦,滑动 轴承油膜力等提供了一个位于 轴心轨迹平面内,和轴心向径 垂直,而且与速度同向的侧向 力,是周向速度增加,向径增 大,偏离定常运动。 由于非线性存在,失稳后振动不会无限增大, 会出现闭环运动(limit cycle oscillation 极限环)
  • 11. Campbell Diagram 坎贝尔图 转速832rpm下的各阶共振频率 1x 临界转速 critical speed 一般指同步正向涡动 情况 静频 动频 陀螺力矩对临界转速的影响:正进动时,提高临界转速;反进动时,降低临界转速 支撑刚度对临界转速的 影响:刚度增大,临界转速上升;刚度减小,临界转速下降
  • 14. 转子动力学研究的问题 • 临界转速 critical speed • 不平衡响应 unbalance response • 稳定性,失稳转速(考虑内阻、轴承、密 封等非线性因素)stability • 转子现场平衡balancing:动平衡,静平衡
  • 15. Rotor Dynamics in ANSYS • Elements support Coriolis effect – Mass 21 – Beam 188, 189 – Pipe 288, 289 – Shell 181, 281 – Solid 185, 186, 187 – Solid 272, 273 • Bearing modeling – Combin14 – Combin214 – Matrix27 – Mpc184
  • 16. APDL in ANSYS • Coriolis – 激活Coriolis效应 • CAMPBELL – 对预应力结构激活后续的坎 贝尔图分析 • CMOMEGA – 设定部件转速,支持不同转 速同时存在 • OMEGA – 设定总体转速 • SYNCHRO – 设定同步/非同步运动或激励 • PLCAMP – 画坎贝尔图 • PRCAMP – 打印坎贝尔图上确定的各阶 临界转速 • PLORB – 画轴心轨迹,只支持梁、管、 质量单元 • PRORB – 打印轴心轨迹特性,比如轴 心各点的振幅、相位 • ANHARM – 动画
  • 17. Analysis in ANSYS • Modal analysis – given rotational speed – Modal frequency, shape – Eigensolver: QRDAMP, DAMP • Multiple modal analysis – given series rotational speed – Campbell diagram
  • 18. Analysis in ANSYS • Harmonic analysis – Synchronize force 同步载荷 • Unbalance excitation 不平衡质量引起的载荷 1x • 倍频载荷(例如2x, 3x, 1/2x, 1/3x) – Non-synchronize force 非同步载荷 • Transient Analysis – Start-stop – Disturbance, stability