Our Porosity & permeability analysis product is based on the unique advantages of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique. Using permanent magnetic fields and electromagnetic energy of specific frequency, the hydrogen nuclei of the formation fluids are excited. Their response provides a lithology-independent measurement of the total porosity and the pore size distribution of the rock or sediment.
Learn more in our product sheet
1. Useful resources, case studies and whitepapers on
Lithium Exploration
Brinefield Services
Porosity & Permeability Insights
1
2. Zelandez - Who are we?
We are an Brinefield services provider
specializing in subsurface characterization.
We combine advanced geophysical
technologies with experienced geoscience
experts and advanced data processing and
interpretation workflows to deliver insights
and solutions that bring immediate value to
exploration and development.
Zelandez is made up of
engineers and geoscience
experts specialized in
geology, hydrogeology,
geochemistry,
geotechnical and
petrophysics.
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3. “Illuminating the Underground Picture”
What is Borehole Geophysical Logging?
Collecting geologic and hydrologic information of wells by lowering and raising probes on an electric
Wireline.
● More representative of actual subsurface conditions
● Measure a much larger volume and have higher spatial
sampling
● Much more efficient to acquire and fully analyze (faster and
requires fewer personnel)
● Continuous data along the entire borehole, unlike drill
samples, which complements other information sources
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➔ We gain significant understanding when we
combine logs of different measurements
Compared to physical sampling, the advantage of in-situ,
non-invasive measurements:
4. “Illuminating the Underground Picture”
Measurement Scale and Resolution - How well logs fit in
● Become the link between different scales
and techniques.
● Does not replace but complement other
techniques to complete the dataset needed
for characterization.
● Offers in-situ, fast, continuous and
systematic property measurements
(limitation to overcome in modern modeling
and prediction).
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Well logging designed for:
6. Some logging tools to measure porosity
Neutron Porosity
■ Based on formation Hydrogen index measurement (full hydrogen index). It requires matrix/fluid
information.
Sonic Porosity
■ Based on compressional wave velocity. It requires matrix/fluid information.
Density Porosity
■ Based on electronic density measurement. Primary porosity. It requires matrix/fluid density information.
Magnetic Resonance Porosity
■ Lithology independent and sensitive to fluids only
■ Widespread use in the oil and gas industry since the 1990’s
■ Oilfield tools prohibitively expensive and designed for large boreholes
7. 7
BMR
A lithology-independent measure of
Total Porosity and pore size
distribution. The measurement is
high-resolution, fast, precise, accurate
and free of chemical radiation sources.
Borehole Magnetic Resonance
BMR has been run in a wide variety of logging environments
Measured Parameters Computed Parameter
Total porosity Permeability & Hydraulic Conductivity
Pore size distribution Dry weight density (need bulk density)
Free water porosity (Specific Yield) Adsorbed and free gas content of coals
Clay-bound & Capillary-bound Porosity Specific Retention
Moisture content (vadose zone)
8. The BMR Tool
Electronics
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Magnets and coil
➔ A short length, light and easy to handle tool.
➔ Tool is run centralized. Centralizers needed.
➔ Volume of investigation: a 360º ring of fixed
diameter.
➔ One antenna working as transmitter/receiver.
➔ Run on a standard 4 core wireline cable and
winch.
➔ Minimum surface equipment needed.
9. 9
■ T2
distribution = Pore Size Distribution
■ Sum of amplitudes = Total Porosity
■ Total Porosity can be divided into Bound (BFV)
and Free Water (FFV) → Specific Retention &
Specific Yield
■ Permeability computation following two models.
■ Hydraulic Conductivity estimation
(computation).
Echo spacing (TE)
■ Time between successive NMR echoes/RF
pulses
time
porosity × HI
amplitude
NMR Amplitude Decay for a single depth
BMR signal processing
Sum of amplitudes = porosity × HI
BFV FFV
NMR T2
Distribution for a single depth
T2
Amplitude
Amplitude decay is recorded in the time domain
and inverted to produce a T2
distribution:
10. 10
kTIM
BMR Permeability & Hydraulic Conductivity
PERMEABILITY
:
g = gravity
ω = density of water
HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
µ = dynamic viscosity
k = permeability (BMR)
kSDR
Computations from BMR data:
11. Job Planning
Field Data
Acquisition
(Real-Time QC)
Pass?
Data Transmission
& Loading
(Second level QC)
No
Preliminary Data
Interpretation
Yes
Preliminary
Data Delivery Final Data
Interpretation
Final Report
Presentation
Data Support
Well Composites
ASCII files Result integration in client
workflows
Objectives
Well Logging Design & Program
Yes
Pass?
No
Zelandez Insights Workflow
The Zelandez Insights and Solutions products comprise a full service
of field data acquisition, data processing, interpretation and delivery..
Data outputs can include::
❏ Well composites in PDF format. Typical vertical scales are
1:20, 1:40, 1:100 or 1:200.
❏ Files in ASCII or DLIS formats to be loaded in other softwares
(logs, images)
❏ Final report per well in PDF format
Zelandez also offers support to fully understand each and every data
output including data management and incorporation to existing
workflows.
We promote close collaboration with the client. To enhance both,
data display and interpretation, we are open to integrate other client
data into the final deliverables (e.g. unit markers, core data, etc).
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12. Our value proposition to you in Black and White
We Employ
Advanced geophysical technologies, expert data processing and
interpretation from the latest methodologies in subsurface evaluation
To Provide
Significantly improved subsurface characterization and optimization
throughout the exploration and development stages, facilitating
improved and more timely decision making
with
Impacts on NPV, deposit understanding, asset
management and risk management
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13. Zelandez Offices
13
Argentina
Salta – Balcarce 2370 CP4400
T: +54 9 387 457 0165 Geosciences
T: +54 9 387 457 0182 Operations
Bolivia
Santa Cruz - Rene Moreno 514
T: +591 3 331343
More information at zelandez.com or email
us at info@zelandez.com
