1. Geographic characteristics of Portugal !
• In 1095 Portugal almost separated from the kingdom of Galicia.
• Portugal’s territories consisting largely of mountains, moorland and forest
were bounded on the north by the Minho, on the south by the Mondego.
• Portugal’s land based borders have been notably stated, the border with
Spain have remained unchanged since the 13th century.
• Navigation curiosity in exploration together with some hi-tech developments
in navigation made Portugal’s growth probable and led to great advance in
geographic, mathematical, scientific knowledge, technology, and naval
technology.