3. Agenda
• What is public perception of the IOT ?
• Public perception
• High level overview of IOT example
• Issues with the IOT
• Washing machine example
• Headline issues
• What Industrialises the IOT ?
• Need for systems of systems approach to develop IOT architectures
• Need for a service based approach
• Intro to the IIC
• IIC framework
• Mapping to UPDM (Autonomous city driving)
• How can IBM help
• UPDM to do high level architecture and business motivation
• SysML tools to capture IOT specifications
• Implementation technologies
– IOT work bench to simulate and test out IOT architectures at the thing level
– Blue Mix and Node Red to simulate IOT architectures at the cloud level
– Rhapsody to generate code for the “Things”
2
4. Common perception of the Internet of Things
3
Source: IDC’s 2014 Internet of Things Survey
Large
Collection bulk
of info
Digital
Information
Security
Households
connect to the
internet
Collections of
things
RFID
Connect to
the cloud
Everything to
do with the
internet
All
communications
5. What the IOT really is ?
Connected car example
4
Constituent
Devices
Constituent
Devices (Agents/Things)
IoT Cloud
Predictive Analytics
Communication
infrastructure
• Designing and
connecting devices
• Adding intelligence at
the appropriate levels
• Design the back end
systems
• Analytics
• Decision Making
• Optimize the overall
systems architecture
• Understanding and
using the information
gathered
Monetizing the information that you have gathered
6. Example “Connected Washing Machine”
Perspective of white goods manufacturer
• Reduce energy costs by connecting your washing machine to the
internet
• Let your washing machine decided when to go through its cycle
based upon cheapest energy tariff !
5
• Works for a few devices but not scaleable
• Think of a city of 20 Million People (Seoul)
• Applications like this can have powerful socio-economic effects
• Go from Consumer to Industrial/Commercial domain
External
Power
Companies
Local Power
Companies
7. “Connected Washing Machine” realistic example
6
1-Millions
Washing
Machines
White Goods
companies
• Much more complex
architecture
• No single owner or
beneficiary of the
application
• Complex set of
partnership
agreements
• Highly federated and
distributed
• Need for the system to
be engineered
8. 11 Unique challenges for the IIOT
7
• 1. Ownership - No one owns "all of it" ...
• 2. Social, Pervasive and has to add value - no one is going to pay
for a subscription to a service if it doesn’t
• work very well,
• offer value, or
• fit into their lives without them having to really think about it
• 3. Complexity and dependency magnified
• 4. Security, safety and industry standards magnified
• 5. Impact on development and implementation and testing –
• Working with other partners to deliver complete solution.
• Increases burden on development of (devices, infrastructure and
services, etc).
• Device, services, etc need to be upgradable (needs to service based).
• Work either connected or not connected, be up 24/7, never fail, have
redundancy (when safety implications), etc ...
• 6. Time to market.
9. 11 Unique challenges for the IIOT
• 7. Always on, always connected, has to always work without user
interaction,
• Consumers, users, and buyers of such systems will demand it
... e.g. turn the 311,000 traffic signals in the USA into smart traffic lights. We
don’t want to have to manually maintain these?
• 8. Highly diverse use cases
• We can only begin to imagine what’s possible
• 9. Traditional development practices don’t scale to these types of systems
• 10. Foray of new business relationships -- that will need to be properly
managed
• 11. Volume of data that will need to be;
• Managed
• Analyzed,
• Processed, etc.
8
10. What Industrialises the IOT ?
• Use IOT technology to improve the way that social (health/local
government), manufacturing and industrial organisations do business
• Not directly about the consumer or customer but more about the
business itself
• Beneficaries are internal
• Numerous examples
• Break and repair to fault monitoring and predictive maintenance
(Oil and Gas)
– Improve oil-gas field producitvity
– Reduce down time
• GPS guided driving to Smart Cities route allocation to improve
health
– Reduce emissions in town
– Improve health
• Schedule vehicle servicing and issues raising to remote fault
monitoring of vehicles and automated issue generation
– Prevent defect propagation
– Improve customer safety
9
11. The Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC)
• Group of companies founded by IBM, GE, CISCO, Intel and AT&T
• 1 year old, approx 120 member companies
– HW companies
– SW companies
– Security
– Cognition etc.
• The intent is to provide forum to discuss
• Industrial IoT technology and applications
• Develop practical use cases and implement them as examples on
test beds
• Develop a Framework and Reference Architecture that can be used
to describe the IIOT
• The framework and reference architecture provide a way to think
about Systems Engineering
• Understand, Design and Develop these systems.
10
12. IIC Framework
11
Biz decision makers
System Engineers
Product Managers
System Engineers
Product Managers
System Architects
Architects
Engineers
Developers
Integrators
Deployment
Operations
Biz View
A Model
Another
Model
Usage View
A
Model
Functional View
Implementation View
Implementation Viewpoint
Functional Viewpoint
Usage Viewpoint
Business Viewpoint
biz values, objectives
& capabilities
usage
scenario/activiti
es
Functional decomp & structure
Interfaces & interactions
functional entities to
technologies mapping
13. What tools do we have
• Business View
• Enterprise Architecture
• Systems of systems modelling
• Usage and Functional View
• Systems engineering
• Implementation View
• Analytics
• Software development
– Embedded Software
– Services
• Cloud
12
14. Business View
• UPDM and Rational Rhapsody
• IIC Framework is simplified framework to allow people to think
about developing IOT applications using Systems of Systems
thinking
• Layers and key concepts map to the Unified Profile for DoDAF
and MODAF
• Soon to be called the Unified Architecture Framework
• OMG standard implemented in many tool
• Business View maps to Capability or Strategic Views
• Providing rationale and identify key capabilities
• Usage View maps to Operational
• What the system will be used for and the organisations involved
in its usage
• Functional and Implementation map to Systems View
• How the system needs to do and how it can be implemented
13
15. Business Views
• Capability Taxonomy
• Sets the context for
the architecture
• Lets you think about
what you are trying to
achieve
• Can be used to
capture reqs and
desired effects
(MoEs)
• Capability Dependencies
• Widen the scope
• Helps Identify
commonly used
capabilities
– Reuse
implementation
16. Usage Views
• Operational Activity Model,
Behavioral model that shows
high level behaviour that helps
realise the capability
• Initiating the log on of the
vehicle
• Capturing initial position
• Destination
• Route planning ect.
• Operation Resource Flows
• Structural Model that shows
how Performers interact
• Shows interfaces between
Traffic, Traffic Analysis and
Traffic Control
– Where flows cross swimlanes
• Trace operational Activities to
Capabilities
17. Functional View
• Putting more detail into the analysis
• Allocated to
– Navigation
– EngineControls
– Traffic and PedestrianManagement
– AutonomousRouteFollowing
• Traceability back to the higher level
18. Systems Implementation
Systems Interfaces Description
Logical communication
between system level
resources
Resource interactions and data
exchanges (not shown)
System equivalent of
Operational Resource Flow
Resource Flow Description
Physical architectures shows
things like
Communication networks
Communication Protocols
(types of standards)
Reality is you need to think of
Systems as a Service
Technology will change quickly
Need flexibility
Extendability
19. Detailed Implementation
• Use Continuous Engineering
to develop Embedded IoT
applications using Rhapsody
• Small targets for “Things”
• Use simulation to verify
correctness of solutions
• Software can be ported to
target
• Raspberry PI
• Arduino etc.
28. Notices and Disclaimers (con’t)
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publication and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, compatibility or any other claims related to non-IBM
products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products.
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interoperate with IBM’s products. IBM EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
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