Tube Frame Structures:An overview
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Tube Frame Structures:An overview
- 2. TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES SUBMITTED BY ZAFRIN MOHAMED ROLL.NO:77 S7 CE B GUIDED BY Mrs. VARNA K THANKAPPAN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IIET,NELLIKUZI
- 3. CONTENTS • Introduction • Need for high rise buildings • Different configurations • Advantages • Disadvantages • Brief explanation of shear lag • Conclusion • References 1/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI
- 4. INTRODUCTION • Introduced by Fazalur Khan,Dhaka Bangladesh • Hollow cantilever perpendicular to the ground • Buildings in excess of 40 stories • A 43-story Khan-designed De-Witt Chestnut Apartment in Chicago • Steel, concrete, or composite construction TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 2/26
- 5. 3/26CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES De-Witt Chestnut Apartment, Chicago
- 6. Need for tall structure • Increase in building height • Slenderness • Building weight reduction • Limited availability of land • Rapid increase in cost of land 4/26CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES
- 7. CONCEPT OF TUBULAR SYSTEM • Design of strength, rigid and stable structures • Largely economic solution • Building designed for resisting lateral loads • Hollow cantilever perpendicular to ground • Incarnation of the tubes • Exterior-Columns and beams forms a rigid frame • Interior-simply framed for gravity loads • 50% of windows on exterior wall surface 5/26 CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES
- 8. Defining tube frame • Predict the structural behavior • Replace 3D system by equivalent plane frame • Analysed by conventional methods • Comparison of results- 15 story Perspex model of the building • Deciding the type of configuration 6/26CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES
- 9. CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 7/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES Configuration of Tubes • Framed or box tube • Braced tube • Tube in tube • Bundled tube
- 10. The Framed Tube • The frames consist of closely spaced columns, 2 - 4 m between centers, joined by deep girder . • Act as perforated chimney or stack • Lateral resistance is by the stiff moment resisting frames • Gravity load shared by interior and exterior columns • Appropriate for buildings having 40-100 storeys CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 8/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES
- 11. Tube frame structures CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 9/26 Cont.. • Grid like facade structures and is repetious • Use of prefabrication possible • Larger distance of exterior column from NA resists bending moment • Economically attractive and possess torsional rigidity • Greater flexibility in space planning • A well known example-World Trade Centre
- 12. CASE STUDY OF WORLD TRADE CENTRE CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 10/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES • Architect:-Minoru Yamasaki • 110 story tower • 415m in height • 50,000 employees and 80,000 visitors daily • Twin tower in diagonal juxtaposition
- 13. Cont… • vertical extrusions of square plans • The framed tube consist of 56 box steel columns joint by moment resisting connections • The overall dimensions of framed tube column are constant • Wall thickness increases from top to bottom to increse response to loads CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 11/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES
- 14. CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 12/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES Braced Tube Structures • Further improvement of framed tube • Cross bracing frame with x braces over many stories-(fig) • First used in John Hancock building, Chicago-(fig) • Diagonals of a braced tube connect columns at each intersections • Shear lag is virtually eliminated • Spacing for columns are increased • Depth of girders are small
- 15. 13/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI John Hancock Building, Chicago
- 16. Cont… • Large sized windows are allowed • Braces transfer axial load from highly stressed column to low stressed column • Hence eliminates difference between load stress • Large scope of architecture .uses a structural-architectural concept CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 14/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES
- 17. Tube-in Tube Structures • Consist of outer framed tube together with an internal elevator and a service core • Inner tube would be braced frames • Outer tube has greater structural depth, so plays dominant role • Outer tube-hull (fig) • Inner tube –core • Inner tube holds elevator and other services • Another tube around the exterior 15/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES
- 18. Cont… • 780 third avanue,Metro Manhattan office space is the first work • Concrete shear wall for bracing in the hull(fig) • Off centre core allowing column free interiors • Accuracy,reliability and simplicity are verified CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 16/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES
- 19. CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 17/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES core hull
- 20. CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 18/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES Metro Manhattan Office Space
- 21. Bundled Tube • Consists of multiple tubes instead of 1. • Several tubes tied up to resist lateral forces • Interior columns on the parameters of the tube (fig) • Willis Tower, Burj Khalifa are best examples CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 19/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES
- 22. Cont.. • Highly efficient in economic terms • Bundled together in different sorts of grouping • Not necesserily box shaped CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES 20/26
- 23. Willis Tower CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES 21/26 Burj Khalifa
- 24. Advantages of TFS • Allows greater flexibility in planning of interior space • Regularity in the column schedule allows off-site fabrication and welding • maximum advantage is taken of the total width of the building to resist overturning moment • Identical framing for all floors • When well designed, tubular forms uses same amount of material as in a half large structure CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 22/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES
- 25. Criticism of TFS • Reduces the size of the opening in the building . • At greater heights,view of outer world is obstructed • Shear lag • Linear distribution of axial forces across flange and web varies • closely spaced columns are not encouraged and undesirable CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES 23/26
- 26. Shear lag • Occurrence of non uniform axial stress distribution Features:- • Positive shear lag • Negative shear lag • Negative shear lag-buckling on the compression side &cracking on tension side. CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES 24/26
- 27. Conclusion • The provision of adequate, stiffness, particularly lateral stiffness is a major consideration In the design of a tall building hence TFS are engineers favorite • But structural cost of the TFS may be high with respect to conventional shear wall structure • so necessary to do research for cost comparison between TFS and conventional shear wall CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES 25/26
- 28. References 1. Er. Nahant Rana,et.al.” Structural Forms Systems for Tall Building Structures,SSRJ”, International Journal Of Civil Engineering (SSRG IJCE), September 2014volume issued4 2. Hardin J. Patel,et,al. “Braced Tube Structural System: A review” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, December-2015, , Volume 6, Issue 12. 3. R. Mahjoub,et,al, “Simple Analysis of Tube Frame System of Tall Building by Using Deformation Functions”. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, February 2011. [324-332] 4. Reza Mahjoub,et.al“Analysis of Tube Frame System of Tall Building by Using of Deformation Functions”. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(8): 1475-1482, 2011. 5. Sharadrao Patil,et.al, “Shear Lag in Tube Structures”. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, March (2015), Vol. 2 Issue 3, CIVIL DEPT.IIET NELLIKUZHI 26/26 TUBE FRAME STRUCTURES