IGCSE/ O-Level CIE

1. Topic
INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS:
Dr. Zafar Iqbal

4. Negative Factors: Pakistan & USSR
1. USSR failed to give Congratulation to Pakistan well in
time.
2. Anti-Islamic Ideology of USSR or Russian ideology
3. Anti-Democratic system of USSR or Communism
4. USSR supported India on the issue of Kashmir and
provided military aid to India in 1948
5. Anti-Communist pacts : SEATO ( South East Asian treaty
Organization) Manila Pact 1954 and CENTO( Central Asia
Treaty organization Baghdad pact 1955
6. Pakistan provided Air basis to America against Russia
7. Economic and Technical support to India made the
relations worse
8. Russia supported PAKHTOONISTAN MOVEMENT in
Pakistan to make KPK and FATA as independent state in
1955

5. Negative Factors: Pakistan & USSR
 U2-Spy Scandal broke the relation
 Pro-Indian policies of Russia
 Military Aids to India
 Russia supported India during Indo-Pak Wars 1965 & 1971
 Pakistan refused to accept the Russian aids in 1956
 Russia did not like Pakistan to receive aids from China and USA.
 Russia did VETO the UN resolution over East Pakistan in 1970
 Pakistan fought proxy war of America against Russia from 1979-
1986
 Russia is unhappy with the Nuclear program of Pakistan.

8. Positive Factors: Pak-USSR Relation
 USSR helped Pakistan in oil Exploration in 1961
 11 Million pounds loan was given to Pakistan in
1963
 Ayub Khan visits USSR in 1965 and understanding
improved
 USSR hold PEACE CONFERENCE between Pakistan
and India in 1966
 Soviet arms supplied to Pakistan from 1968
 Bhutto visited USSR in 1972 and relations improved
 USSR supported for building a STEEL MILL in
Pakistan

9. Assignment
 Why have USSR and Pakistan failed to build good
relations?
 What steps have been taken to improve the relations
with USSR? Explain

10. Assignment
 Why have USSR and Pakistan failed to build good
relations?
 What steps have been taken to improve the relations
with USSR? Explain