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13.
Alexander Fleming was the Scotsman who in 1928 discovered the antiseptic
properties of penicillin mould. The production of pure penicillin was achieved by
Ernest Chain and Howard Florey in 1940. In 1942, Fleming demonstrated that
penicillin could cure meningitis and the British government urged its mass
production. Fleming was knighted in 1944 and shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine
with Chain and Florey in 1945. This photograph was taken when Suschitzky was
making a documentary film on penicillin for the Ministry of Information in 1944.
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Sir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians that ever lived. He was born in England on
December 25, 1643. He was born the same year that Galileo died. He lived for 85 years. Isaac Newton was raised by his
grandmother. He attended Free Grammar School and then went on to Trinity College Cambridge. Newton worked his way
through college. While at college he became interested in math, physics, and astronomy. Newton received both a bachelors
and masters degree.
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While Newton was in college he was writing his ideas in a journal. Newton had new ideas about motion, which he called his
three laws of motion. He also had ideas about gravity, the diffraction of light, and forces. Newton's ideas were so good that
Queen Anne knighted him in 1705. His accomplishments laid the foundations for modern science and revolutionized the
world. Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727.
In this lesson you will develop an understanding of each of Newton's Three Laws of Motion.

16.
Benjamin Franklin, born in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 17, 1706, may by his life alone be the most profound statement of
what an American strives to be.
With no formal education beyond the age of 10 years, Franklin was celebrated throughout Europe, welcomed in any Royal Court,
sought out by every prestigious society. Simply said, Franklin was worshipped wherever he went, because of his intellect and
genius. He was known as a scientist, inventor, politician, author, diplomat and social activist. Ben Franklin was also elected to
the continental congress, where he played a crucial role in the fight for American independence. Through his writings of America,
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he is seen as an optimistic person that was hopeful about the American lifestyle and culture.

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