1. Juan Minter

2. • Nacionalidades
• Stem Changing Verbs
• Para
• Indirect Object Pronouns
• Pronoun placement
• Gustar
• Affirmative and Negative Words
• Superlatives
• Reflexives
• Affirmative tu commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement
• Negative tu commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement
• Sequencing Events

4. When a verb corresponds to a particular
subject, it needs to be conjugated
appropriately, ex: 1st, 2nd and 3rd person and
their plural counterparts
o-ue e-i e-ie u-
Ex: costar Ex: pedir Ex: pensar ue
Ex: jugar
Cuesto Costamo Pedimo Piens Pensam Jugamo
s
Pido os
Jueg
Yo s o s
Nosotros o
Cuesta Costáis
Pides Pedís Piens Pensá
s Vosotro Juega Jugáis
Tú s as is
s
Cuest Cuesta Pide Piden
a n Piens Piens
Ellos, a an Juega Juega
El, Boot Boot Boot
Ellas, n
Ella,
Uds.
Ud.
0-UE (ex): El vaso cuesta viente pesos.
E-IE (ex): Yo pienso la fiesta de mi hermano.
E-I (ex): ¿Pido un postre y lo compartimos?
U-UE (ex): Yo juego el baloncesto y béisbol.

5. • Means for or in order to
• It is used to indicate when you want to include for in a
sentence to emphasize possesion or belonging in most
cases.
• Ex: Yo preparo la fiesta para mi hermano.
• This means I prepare the party for my brother.
• Ex: Quisiera un bicileta para dos.
• This means I want a bicycle intended for two people to ride
(tandem).
• Vive para comer
• This means he/she lives to eat.

6. Me Nos
Te Vos
le Les
• Indirect object pronouns are placed after direct object
pronouns to indicate to whom or for whom the action is being
specified.
Indirect object before it is
• Tú escribas las cartas a Anna. turned into a pronoun
A Anna is changed to le because the DO
• Tú le escribas las cartas.
is directed toward Anna and so it is le.
These are the IOP pronouns.
The IOP’s can be placed in 3 places which include in between
the verb and subject, attached to an infinitive, and before the
DOP.
Ex (between verb and subject): Tú le escribas las cartas.
Ex (attached to an infinitive): Ellos va a comprarte los flores.
Ex (before the DOP): Yo te lo compro.

7. Ejemplos Attach the
• Me afeito. pronoun to
a
• Yo te escribo las cartas a ti. progressive
tense
Attach the
pronoun
to the
infinitive
Place the Attach the
pronoun pronoun to
before the an
conjugated affirmative
verb command

8. • Gustar is used to show that someone likes something
because Gustar literally means, in the infinitive, to like.
• The Pronouns that are associated with gustar are the
same as IOPs.
Me Nos
Te Vos
Le Les
• Ex: Me gusta los chicharones.
• This means I like chicharones.
• Ex: Me gustas tú.
• This means I like you.

9. • Affirmatives and negatives are used to give something a
negative or affirmative connotation.
Affirmativos Negativos
Algo- something Nada- nothing
Alguien- someone Nadie- no one
Algún/ Alguno- some Ningún/ Ninguno- none, not
any
Siempre- always
Nunca- never
También- also
Tampoco- neither, either
• Quisiera algo de tomar.
• This means I would like something to drink.
• Quisiera nada de tomar.
• Obivously, this is negated from the former sentence
and becomes I would like nothing to drink.
• Las chicas quieren ningún postre.
• This means the girls would not like any desert.

10. • When you express adjectives in an exaggerated way, you have to drop
the final vowel and add the ending of –ísimo(a). Then you have to make
it agree with gender and number to the specific noun it modifies.
• Ex: ¡El monstruo es feoísimo! Male and singular
• Ex: ¡Las ideas de Rosa son intersantísimas! Feminine and plural
• When the last consonant is a C, G, or Z, spelling changes have to take
place.
• C  QU
• Rico(a)  riquísimo(a)
• Ex: El postre es riquísimo.
• G  GU
• Largo(a)  larguísimo(a)
• Los pantalones son larguísimo.
• ZC
• Feliz  felicísimo(a)
• La fiesta es felicísima.

11. • Reflexives are used when you refer back to yourself like I wash my
self or to dry one’s hair; basically it is an action that you perform to
yourself.
• They need to be properly formatted; this is done by taking the se off
the back end of the reflexive verb. Once you Me this, you can then
do Nos
place it in front of the verb with one of these pronouns 
Te Os
• Reflexives only end in se Se Se
• So, (acostarse)
• Step 1: conjugate  (yo) acuesto
• Step 2: add appropriate reflexive pronoun
• Where can you put them?
• In front of a conjugated verb
• Attached to a gerund
• Attached to infinitive
• Attached to an affirmative command

12. Affirmative Tú Simply drop the Can attach DOP
Affirmative Tú command ‘S’ to ending
• ¡Come!
• This means, eat! It is an affirmative command put in tú form the s dropped.
• ¡Habla!
• ¡Roba!
• ¡Estudia!
• Irregulares  Di, Haz, Ve, Pon, Sal, Sé, Ten, Ven
• Di  Decir  say or tell
• Haz  Hacer  make or do
• Ve  Ir  go Pronnoun Placement
• Pon  Poner  put • Attach to infintive
• Sal  Salir  leave • Gerund
• Sé  Ser  be • Before a conjugated verb
• Ten  Tener  have • Affirmative Command
• Ven  Venir  come

13. • Negativos Change to the
opposite vowel
Negative Tú Put in ‘yo’ form Add an ‘S’
command Ar  e
Er, ir  a
• These are used to indicate something is not.
• TV DISHES
• Tener  No tengas Pronoun Placement
• Venir  No Vengas • Infinitive
• Dar/ Decir  No des/ digas • Gerund
• Ir  No vegas • Before conjugated verb
• Ser  No Seas • Affirmative command
• Hacer  No hagas
• Estar  No estes
• Saber  No Sepas

14. • There are many sequencing words used to indicate time
and place. They include primero, entonces, luego/
después, por fin, antes de/ después de, por la mañana/
tarde/ noche, los lunes
• Ex: Primero, Alberto se afeita por la mañana.
• Después de se ducha, se acuesta.
• Antes de me pongo la ropa, me maquillo.
• Luego, se duerme.
• Por fin, me duerme.