The research focuses on the practical aspects of building a vertical greening structure, and looks at case studies of built green walls around the world.
3. inspiration, systems and integration
Why study vertical greening systems?
Rise of Vegitecture
Gwanggyo Green Power Center by MVRDV
Proposal for Dreer Award
Planning the Trip
4. What got me into studying vertical greening systems?
5. Rise of Vegitecture
Madison Tower by Daniel Liebskind Chonqing Tower by Ken Yeang
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama
6. Karst Mountains, China
‘Gwanggyo Green Power Center’ by MVRDV
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama
7. Karst Mountains, China
‘Gwanggyo Green Power Center’ by MVRDV
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama
8. Planning the Trip: Visa, flights, accomodation, food, finances, etc.
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama
9. inspiration, systems and integration
TYPES OF VERTICAL GREENING
GREEN WALLS The Patrick Blanc Phenomena, Paris
Green Fortune, Stockholm
Grünewand, Germany
Verticalis, Switzerland
The Greenwall Company, Sydney
Fytowall, Melbourne
Modular Green Wall Products - International
GREEN FACADE Hotel Naumi, Singapore
Green Tapestry, Singapore
MFO Park, Zurich
Fünf Höfe, Munich
10. green wall green facade
vs
Planted walls at Quai Branly. Paris Climbing structures at MFO Park, Zurich
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama
11. green wall green facade
vs
Planted walls at Quai Branly. Paris Climbing structures at MFO Park, Zurich
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama
15. Fabric-thin substrate
Constant drip irrigation = 60 liters/sqm/day*
Water is recycled at the park’s fish pond
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama Parc Floral by Patrick Blanc
60. vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama Elmich green wall modules stacked to form curved surface
61. vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama Elmich green wall modules stacked to form curved surface and make a collumn!
62. inspiration, systems and integration
TYPES OF VERTICAL GREENING
GREEN WALLS The Patrick Blanc Phenomena, Paris
Green Fortune, Stockholm
Grünewand, Germany
Verticalis, Switzerland
The Greenwall Company, Sydney
Fytowall, Melbourne
Modular Green Wall Products - International
GREEN FACADE Hotel Naumi, Singapore
Green Tapestry, Singapore
MFO Park, Zurich
Fünf Höfe, Munich
80. Irrigated planters at the top level
Climbers at the ground level
MFO Park by Burckhardt + Partner and Raderschall Landschaftsarchitekten
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama
88. inspiration, systems and integration
Plant selection
Lighting
Irrigation
Maintenance
Failed wall
Urban heat island effects
Psychological benefits
LEED
Cost
Pro & Cons
89. Monstera deliciosa Nephrolepis exaltata Streptocarpus caulescens and Begonia sp.
grows so well that you will need to prune is one of the best selection when it comes to are the few flowering plants that thrives in
its roots to avoid it from attacking other ferns. This semi-invasive plant is virtually pest and indoor vertical greening systems that is generally
plants. It has a characteristic large leaves disease free, but will need to be pruned regularly of low light conditions.
that’s a favorite with the office crowds. to avoid it overtaking other plants. Ferns are
generally great to plant on the bottom of green
walls because it tolerates low light environment.
Other ferns to look out for include Asplenium
bulbiforum and Adiantum fragrans.
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama plants to like
90. Soleirolia Solerolii Succulents Strawberries
has fine texture and looks really cute when it are great for green roofs, but not for green walls. and other edible herbs are short lived and
achieves full cover. However it is an ephemeral Because its heavy ‘leaves’ are filled with water, it needs frequent replacement. Above is the
pioneer plant and is frequently found dead tends to droop and sometimes drop at maturity. It ‘Strawberry wall’ for Melbourne Flower
within six months of planting... on client’s walls. is also a favorite food for large pests such as snails Show 2009, at 6 months old. The fruits are
and possums (in Australia). aslo not as sweet as soil grown ones.
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama plants to avoid
91. Why green wall planting designs tend to streak vertically?
- plants, especially ferns, propagates downward
- when plants are attacked by pests, the pest would need to
‘jump’ several species of plant before it spreads
- so that when large plants are used, onle a narrow portion
of smaller plants below gets overshadowed.
Planting design by Patrick Blanc
planting plan
Planting design by myself, for Fytogreen
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama
93. How much water does it take to run the vertical greens?
- Backyard gardens need 12 liters/sqm/day (0.3 gallon/sq ft/day)
- In summer outdoor greenwalls evaporate up to 4-6 liters/sqm/day (0.15 gallon/sq ft/day)
- Indoor greenealls evaporate up to 2-4 liters/sqm/day
- If green wall runs with constant irrigation, like Patrick Blanc’s, it will need 60 liters/sqm/day. Let’s
hope they recycle the water! (1 gallon/sq ft/day)
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama irrigation
94. mealy bugs
scales
Indoor conditions are ideal for pests because
it has warm room temperature and low air
circulation. Frequent check and maintenance by
cleaning out yellowing/rotting leaves is essential
to keep the green walls healthy.
maintenance
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama + pest management
96. Shimizu studies states that their Parabienta
green wall system can reduce UHI from 40
to 30 Celcius (104 to 86 Farenheit)
But with exposed substrate and constant
drip irrigation, the Shimizu system is
virtually an evaporating sponge of water!
Photo from Hortpark’s vertical greening
experiment in Singapore
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama urban heat island ?
97. RESEARCH STATISTICS
Plants can...
...Reduce stress by absorbing, diffracting, or reflecting background
noise, and increase attentiveness (up to 12%)
... Creates ideal humidity levels (30-60%)
... Reduce symptoms that lead to absenteeism reduced by 23%.
Presence of green area reduces complaints of colds and flu from
dry air, and correlates with 8.5% fewer days in hospital
... Cleanses the air of emissions from office equipment by
efficiently removing toxic volatile organic compound (VOC) such
as benzene, toluene, TCE, and a-pinene. This result in reduction of
headaches and eye irritation in the workplace
...Positive place/brand identity
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama Plants make you happy
98. Vertical Greeneries can qualify for LEED credit for:
- Non-roof heat island reduction (1pt)
- Stormwater quantity control (1pt)
Positively affects LEED category of:
- Water effecient landscaping
- Energy effecient performance
- Reduction of particulates in air distribution
- Occupant comfort
- Innovation in operations
AUSTRALIA : Green Star rating
SINGAPORE : Annual award recognizing new buildings with
‘Skyrise Greeneries’
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama LEED
99. Estimated Average Cost:
- USD 1500 - 2000/sqm* (10.7 sq ft)
- Maintenance contract (usually at 8-10% of construction cost, per year)
Other consideration:
- 9-24 months lead time to pre-grow the plants
- Additional +100kg/sqm live load to building structure.
- If indoors: increase in electricity cost to power metal hallide lamps
*Pre-tax. Usually excludes plumbing, lighting and electricity work which
is done by the contractor.
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama $$$
100. Expensive Aesthetically pleasing
High-maintenance Does not take a lot of space
High electricity usage Psychologically beneficial
High water usage Reduce UHI
Not sustainable Gives ‘green’ image
vertical greening systems | stephanie gautama Is it worth it?
102. GREEN WALL SUPPLIERS AROUND THE WORLD
Other names: Living wall, Bio Wall, Vertical Gardens, Vertical greenery
System Name Developed by Website
Bioecture BioTecture, Sussex, UK http://www.biotecture.uk.com/index.html
Consis Consis Engineering, Singapore N/A*
Edible wall project Green Living Technologies, USA http://www.urbanfarming.org/foodchain2.htm
VGM Green Wall Elmich, Australia www.kdb-fassaden.de
ELT Living walls Elevated Landscape Technologies http://www.eltlivingwalls.com/
Fytowall Fytowall, Somerville, Australia http://www.fytogreen.com.au/Fytowall/default.htm
G-Sky G-Sky, Vancouver, Canada http://www.g-sky.com/GreenWallPanels.aspx
Green Fortune Green Fortune AB, Stockholm, SE http://greenfortune.com/
Green Living Walls Green Living Technologies, USA http://www.agreenroof.com/
Greenwall Greenwall company, Sydney, Australia http://www.greenwall.com.au/Default.aspx
Greenwall Australia Green wall Australia, Sydney, Australia http://www.greenwallaustralia.com.au/
Grunewand l company http://www.indoorlandscaping.de/
Junglefy Junglefy, Sydney, AUS http://www.junglefy.com/
Livewall (retention wall) Hercules Engineering, Missouri, USA http://www.hortech.com/live_wall.php
Living Walls University of Guelph, Canada http://www.naturaire.com/index.php
Midorie Suntory Midorie, Japan http://www.suntorymidorie.com/ , http://tokyogreenspace.wordpress.com/2009/08/1
Mur Vegetal Patrick Blanc http://www.verticalgardenpatrickblanc.com/
Naturewall Naturewall, Bologna, Italy http://www.naturewall.eu/ENG/E_index.htm
Nparks CUGE, National Parks, Singapore N/A*
Quadrovivo Quadrovivo, Sao Paulo, Brazil http://www.quadrovivo.com/
Reviwall Reviplant, Moncalieri, Italy http://www.reviplant.it/prod_inn.php
Shimizu Parabienta Shimizu Corporation, Japan comm
Takenaka (Unamed) Takenaka, Japan http://www.takenaka.co.jp/takenaka_e/news_e/pr0908/m0908_01.html
Verde 360 Verde 360, Mexico http://www.verde360.net/
Verde Verticale Poliflor, Faenza, Italy http://www.takenaka.co.jp/takenaka_e/news_e/pr0908/m0908_01.html
Vertical Gardens Vertical Garden Design, Stockholm, SE http://www.verticalgardendesign.com/flashtrue.php?w=1440&h=900
Verticalis Zurich University of Applied Sciences http://www.iunr.zhaw.ch/de/science/iunr/fe-dienstleistungen/verticalis.html
Wonderwall Copjin, Utrecht, Netherlands http://www.copijn.nl/index.php?page=wonderwall
Zinco Vertigreenz Zinco Singapore N/A*
*Website cannot be found; prototype of this system can be seen at http://research.cuge.com.sg/images/stories/Papers/vgs.pdf
103. note
This pdf is a compressed version of the “Vertical Greening Systems” Dreer Award 2009-10
presentation that was given on 5th April 2010 in Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, for
distribution in the Cornell community. Almost all of the drawing and photographs shown
here are of my own, with some exeption which are press-release images of the relevant
companies. You are welcome to use it for studio (class) projects, but please let me know
if you want to use them for commercial projects or proposal.
Added to this document is a useful contact list of vertical greening (in particular, green
wall) suppliers and their websites. If you have more questions or want to learn more,
you’re most welcome to contact me at: sg356@cornell.edu
Stephanie Gautama
104. thank you!
Ithaca, NY, USA : DREER COMMITTEE : Nina Bassuk, Jeremy Foster, and Marvin Pritts
Ithaca, NY, USA : CORNELL UNIVERSITY : Peter Trowbridge, Kathy Gleason, Dept. of Landscape Architecture
Wädenswil, Zurich, Switzerland : ZHAW : Philipp Stauffer, Wanda Keller and Simone Gruber
Stockholm, Sweden : GREEN FORTUNE : Johan Svenson, Hans Andersson, Louise Dahl and Anna Karlin
Munich, Germany : INDOORLANDSCAPING : Andreas Schmidt and Simone Egger
Sydney, Australia : THE GREENWALL COMPANY : Mark Paul and Carolyn Hurst
Sydney, Australia : JUNGLEFY : Alistair Scott -Young
Melbourne, Australia : FYTOWALL : Geoff Heard, Jane Heard, Matthew Hazenwinkel, Erik van Zuilekom and Daisy
Melbourne, Australia : AECOM : Blake Sandborn, Simone Bussier, and Michaela Prescott
Singapore : NParks : Kelly Chiang
... and most of all, thank you to my family and friends who has supported me throughout the journey!