2. Accidents and their Prevention
How accidents are caused?
Approaches to Reduce accidents
Safe Work environment
Basic Safety Programming
Promotion of health and safety.
3. Health & Safety At Workplaces
Factories
Mines
Constructions
4. Health & Safety at Factories
Health Safety
To keep clean and free from To prohibit employment of
effluvia women and children near cotton
To maintain adequate ventilation openers
and reasonable temperature To protect workers from repairing
To ensure proper standards of machinery in motion
humidification where humidity in To protect workers from
the air is artificially increased dangerous fumes, inflammable
To provide sufficient and suitable dust, gas etc.
natural or artificial lighting To prohibit any person from
To provide for a sufficient number carrying or moving any load so
of spitoons and maintain them in heavy as to be likely to cause him
a clean and hygenic condition. injury
To maintain all chains, hoists and
lifts in good conditions, of sound
material to work on safe mode.
5. Health & Safety At Mines
Drinking water
Machinery
Slips and falls of persons
Sanitation
Medical Appliances
First –aid & Rescue
6. Construction
The term construction referes to the building and civil
engineering activites.
Buildings and civil engineering may be divided into 4
main parts:
1. Work above grounds
2. Works in open excavation
3. Underground work
4. Under water work
7. Characteristic of Construction
Large number of small firm involved
A chain of contractors ranging from the principal
contractor to sub-contractors and petty contractors
Competitive tendering
High turnover of contract labour
Seasonal and migrant labour
Unorganised labour
Low level of awarness and poverty resulting in their
exploitation
Working in the open and all weather conditions
Difficulties in the absorption of imported technology
8. Causes of accidents in civil
engineering
Person falling
Person being struck or trapped by object in motion
Person stepping on or striking against objects
Person handling objects in such a way so as to cause injury
Person using hand tools
9. Construction hazards
Exposure to asbestos dust in demolition and construction
Exposure to harmful ground treatment chemical, or
potentially harmful chemical used on construction sites at
waste tips
Exposure to radiation
Fire
Collapse of uncompleted structure
Exposure to excessive noise
Air or gas pressure in underwater or underground work
10. Cause of Accidents in construction
Defects in technical planning
Tiredness is a major cause of accidents
Assigning work to incompetent contractors
Insufficient or defective supervision of the work
Lack of cooperation between different trades
Construction defect
Use of unsuitable materials
Lack of equipment
Lack of safety device and measures
Inadequate examination of equipment
11. Prevention of accidents in
construction
Mechanical Maintenance
Electrical Installation
Housekeeping and Fire Protection
Checklist
12. Safety Management
Design Safety
Construction Safety
Safety while executing/constructing
Fire safety
Safety against natural calamities
13. Job Safety Analysis
Job safety analysis is an accident prevention technique that should be used
with safety instruction, safety system of work and job safety training. This
technique are used known as – SREDIM
Select ( work to be studied)
Record ( how work is done)
Examine ( the total situation)
Develop ( best method for doing work)
Install ( this method into the company’s operational)
Maintain ( this defined and measured method)
14. Safety which should also be taken
care-
Clients and contractor compliance with their agreed
safety plan
Level of clients supervision
Clients & contractor safety management structures
Construction safety audits
Construction safety requirements
On the job safety training
Duty of care to general public
