This document provides an outline on natural language processing and machine vision. It begins with an introduction to different levels of natural language analysis, including phonetic, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic analysis. Phonetic analysis constructs words from phonemes using frequency spectrograms. Syntactic analysis builds a structural description of sentences through parsing. Semantic analysis generates a partial meaning representation from syntax, while pragmatic analysis uses context. The document also introduces machine vision as a technology using optical sensors and cameras for industrial quality control through detection of faults. It operates through sensing images, processing/analyzing images, and various applications.

1. Prepared By:
Yogendra Tamang
BEX-066-448

2. OUTLINES

Introduction

Level of Analysis
 Phonetic
 Syntactic
 Semantic
 Pragmatic

Introduction to Machine Vision

3. “The man who knows no foreign language knows
nothing of his mother tongue”
-Johan Wolfang Von Geothe(1749-1932)
German Poet, Playwright and Philosopher

4. What is Language???
Representing
your understanding

5. language spoken by people, e.g.
English, Nepali, Spanish, as
opposed to artificial languages,
like C++, Java, etc.

6. Background
-Understanding????
Process of mapping from input form
into a more useful form….
-Language????
A pair(source language, target
representation) together with a
mapping between elements of each
other

7. Natural Language Processing
1.What
does the written/spoken sentence
mean?(Natural Language Understanding)
2.What is to be represented and how to express
it in natural language(Natural Language
Generation)

8. Natural Language Understanding
Raw Speech Signal
Sequence of Word Spoken
Speech Recognition(phonetic)
Structure of Sentence
Syntactic Analysis
Partial Representation of meaning of sentence
Semantic Analysis
Final Representation of meaning of sentence
Pragmatic Analysis

9. Phonetic Analysis
Input
Analog signal
Frequency
Spectrogram
time

10. Phonetic Analysis
Constructing words from Phonemes through
frequency spectrogram
Eg. th+i+ng=thing
Phoneme Database is used

11. Syntactic Analysis
i. Exploits result of Phonetic Analysis
ii. Builds Structural description of Sentence.
iii. Flat input sequence is converted into hierarchical
structure(parsing).

12. Syntactic Analysis
1. Grammar:
2. Parser:
A declarative Representation
A procedure

13. Syntactic Analysis
“Krishna ate the apple”
sentence
noun_phrase
proper_noun
verb_phrase
verb
noun_phrase
determiner
“Krishna”
“ate”
“the”
noun
“apple”

14. Semantic Analysis
Generates
partial meaning/representation from
its syntactic structure

15. Semantic Analysis
“plant” = industrial plant
“plant” = living organism
Importance of semantics?????

16. Semantic Analysis
The
sea is at the home for billions
factories and animals
The sea is home to million of plants
and animals

17. Pragmatic Analysis
Uses context of utterance
Where, by who, to whom, why, when it was said
Intentions: inform, request, promise, criticize, …
Handling Pronouns
“Kusum eats apples. She likes them.”
She=“Kusum”, them=“apples”.

18. Machine Vision
worldwide industrial quality control and
supervision technology.

19. Machine Vision
-- Consists of optical sensors, cameras for
detection of faults
-- Being used for industries for last 20 years

21. Machine Vision
3 Systems
1. Sensing and Digitizing image data
2. Image processing and analyzing
3. Applications

22. References:

Rich, Knight, Nair, ”Artificial Intelligence, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill Education

http://www.site.uottawa.ca

Machinevision.co.uk

www.ussvision.com

23. !!!!!Thank You!!!!!!!!!