Research about relief sculpture : Types of relief sculpture : Sample work of relief sculpture : Materials in relief sculpture : Techniques in relief sculpture

1. RELIEF SCULPTURE

2. WHAT IS RELIEF SCULPTURE?
relief, also called relievo, (from
Italian relievare, “to raise”), in
sculpture.
"sculpture that projects in vary
degrees from a two-dimensional
background.“
among the oldest forms of sculpted
art.

3. TYPE OF RELIEF SCULPTURE:
Bas-relief
Alto-relief
Sunken relief

4. BAS-RELIEF
Has a very low degree of relief from the
base.
the design projects only slightly from the
ground and there is little or no
undercutting of outlines.
This technique retains natural contours
of the figures, and allows the work to be
viewed from many angles without
distortion of the figures themselves.
(overall flat) background.

5. BAS RELIEF
Creation of Adam and
Eve, Lorenzo Ghiberti
- first carved his design on
a thick sheet of wax,
then fitted this with a
covering of wet plaster
that, once it had dried
and the original wax had
been melted out, made a
fireproof mould into
which liquid alloy was
poured to recreate his
bas relief sculpture in
bronze.

6. ALTO-RELIEVO
has a high degree of relief
the sculptures emerge from the flat
base background, such as the
sculptures of ancient pharaohs on
their temples in Egypt.

7. HIGH RELIEF
Detail of high relief
sculpture
from the Arch of
Constantine. Close-
up of a scene from
the military
campaigns of
Constantine I, from
the triumphal arch
situated between the
Colosseum and the
Palatine Hill in
Rome.

8. SUNKEN RELIEF
where the carving is sunk below the
level of the surrounding surface and is
contained within a shapely incised
boundary line that frames it with a
powerful line of shadow.
actually carved into the base itself and
have a negative degree of relief.
found exclusively in ancient Egyptian
art.

9. SUNK RELIEF
sunken relief
carving depicting
Akhen ten and his
family receiving
blessings from the
sub god Aten.

10. MATERIALS IN RELIEF
SCULPTURES
Stone
- Carving must be done with great
strength and at the same time with
great delicacy. Mistakes are difficult to
repair, and too much force can cause
breakage. But when a marble statue is
carved and polished, the sculptor's
work is done.

11. Clay
- In contrast, is very soft.
- Clay must be kept workable.
- Every day the unfinished work must
be covered with damp rags, and from
time to time the unused clay in the bin
must be moistened with water and
pounded.

12. Perhaps because they are permanent,
stone and metal have always been
important materials for the sculptor.
Other materials
- wood, ivory, jade, bone, glass, and
plaster.
Clay is by far the most frequently used
substance, but various kinds of wax
have also been employed.

13. In modern time, the sculptor has
turned to new materials such as one
of the plastics, fiberglass, stainless
steel, and aluminum.

14. TOOLS
a soft substance easily and precisely.
allow the use of materials otherwise
too hard to handle.
Loops of wire
- held in wooden handles can drag off
large sections from a mass of clay
more quickly and neatly than can a
person's hands.

15. Sticks or blades of wood, ivory, or
light, flexible metals
- clean edges and draw fine lines
across the surface of wax, clay, or soft
metal.
Hardwood and all forms of stone
demand different kinds of tools.
Hammers, mallets, chisels, and drills
are needed for the process of carving.

16. THANK YOU 