Falk media different types and roles in communication

1. COMMUNICATION AND FOLK MEDIA
Present by:
SONDARVA YAGNESH M
M.Sc. Agriculture (Agril .Extension)
Department of agricultural extension
BACA, AAU ,ANAND

2. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY FOLK MEDIA ?
✓The traditional Media/Folk Media means the mediums through
which the cultural traits passed from generation to generation . It
is born and expressed in the idiom of people’s culture and has
always seemed to entertain ,educate and propagate the existing
ideas and attitudes .
✓Keeping in view their with people at local level local media
channels prove to be powerful tools of communication in rural
society.
✓Indian folk forms have a generous mix of dialogue , dance, song
, clowning ,moralizing and prayer

3. FOLK MEDIA
The non electronic mediums which works as part of our
culture and as vehicles of transmitting tradition from one
generation to another generation is called traditional
media.
‘Folk’ means race of people.
‘Folk Music’ – Music passed on from generation to
generation. Any music composed on this idiom is folk
song.
A folk song is a song handed down to people

4. WHY FOLK MEDIA ?
A National Committee in its report on
communication media in India said , “From the
point of view of its easiest appeal to the masses
and its quality of touching the deepest emotions
of the illiterate millions the medium of songs and
drama is matchless.”
(Vidyalankar 1964, p. 35).

5. ADVANTAGES OF FOLK MEDIA
The folk media help –
✓High audience participation
✓Highly impactful
✓Available at a low cost
✓High Interest arousal capacity
✓Satisfy the innate desire for self expression
✓Satisfies man’s need for moral instruction combined with
entertainment.
✓Preserve and disseminate in a lively manner ,the tradition and
culture of our forefathers.
✓Provides immense flexibility
✓Available and enjoyed by all age group people

6. ADVANTAGES OF FOLK MEDIA
✓Increased credibility and familiarity
✓Highly personal and intimate appeal. very close to the hearts and
minds of the people owing to it’s origin to traditional beliefs , attitudes
and values
✓Familiar format ,content and colloquial dialects brings about clarity in
communication
✓ Rapport is immediate and direct
✓Barriers to communication almost non existent.
✓In a face to face communication ,clarification of doubts is possible.

7. Types of traditional/ folk media
ƒƒƒ•Puppetry ƒ
• Drama
•Street theatre
•Falk song and falk danceƒ
•Mela and festivals
•Story telling /keerthana /harikatha /riddles/proverbs
• Bioscope /munadi /wall paintings /
•Painting
•Sculpture
• Motifs and symbols

8. Announcement
Nagada

9. Street Theatre performance Watching television

10. TYPE 1 : PUPPETRY
✓It is one of the most important traditional media
✓Believed to be the oldest form of popular theatre in India.
✓ The term Sutradhar (string holder) in theatre is derived from puppetry.
✓The art of puppetry is popular both as a means of education and
entertainment.
✓The puppet can impart lessons on health, agriculture, literacy, agriculture,
employment, rural youth activities
✓There are many types of Puppetry –
✓1.String Puppetry –Originated in Rajasthan
✓2.Glove puppets –source unknown
✓3.Rod Puppets –originated from Orissa and Tamil Nadu
✓4.Shadow Puppet –Orginated in Kerela and Orissa
✓Local dialects,active participation of local people and everyday and familiar
situations make puppetry highly impactful if used in the right manner.

11. The word puppet comes from
the French ‘Poupee’ or the Latin ‘Pupa’,
both
meaning `dolls’.
In Sanskrit, puppets are termed `Putraka’,
`Putrika’ or `Puttalika’,all of which are
derived from the root Putta equivalent to
Putra (son). It is derived from ancient Indian
thoughts that puppets have life.

12. TYPE 1 : PUPPETRY
STRING PUPPETRY

13. TYPE 1 : PUPPETRY
Glove Puppets Rod Puppets

14. TYPE 1 : PUPPETRY
SHADOW
PUPPETRY

15. mostly found in
Orissa, Kerala and
Tamil nadu
The glove puppet in
Orissa is called
Kundahei Nach.
Their performance is
known as Pava
Koothu or Pawa
Kathakali
sleeve puppets,
hand puppets
palm puppets
String puppets are found in
Rajasthan, Orissa, Tamil
Nadu and Karnataka
Examples :
• Katputali shows of
Rajasthan
• Sakhi Kundhei of Orissa
• Putla Nach of Assam
• Malasutri Bhaulya of
Maharasthra,
• Bommalattam of Tamilnadu
• Gombeyatta of Karnataka
The traditional rod
puppet form of West
Bengal is known as
Putual Nauch.
•Yampuri of Bihar
• Kathi Kundhei
ofOrissa
Shadow puppets are
mostly found in
Andhra Pradesh,
Kerala, Karnataka,
Tamilnadu,
Maharashtra and
Orissa.
Examples include:
• Togulu
gombeyatta from
Karnataka
• Tholu bommalata
from Andhra
Pradesh

16. EXAMPLES OF PUPPETRY USAGE
✓The Union Bank of India and Life Insurance
Corporation.
✓ IIMC
✓Films Division and The Children's Film Society
✓The Song and Drama Division
✓Directorate of Field Publicity

17. DRAMA
✓Good source of communication , education and
entertainment.
✓The subject of the dramas may topical to the village
and help convey solutions to various problems
confronted.
✓The location and time of presentation should suit the
convenience of the villagers.

18. street theatre performance

19. FOLK THEATRE FORMS :TAMASHA
✓Extremely lively and robust form of folk theatre of Maharashtra.
✓In this form some topic is selected and then a chorus of 6 -8 male singers
can perform and two or more female dancers make the troupe with one of
them with a tabla , harmonium or an indian playing instrument.
✓The story part is the next element . The story of tamasha is in the form
of dialogues , song , dance ,drama and is based on stories derived from the
myth and folklore . It is in this section that comments are made on
contempory and social problems.
✓The tamasha needs no elaborate stage props or costumes and place and
time are suggested through gestures , movements and dialogue.
Generally the female artists wear the nine yard maharashtrian sari of loud
colours and males wear kurta pyjama,dark jacket and pheta as headgear.

20. FOLK THEATRE FORMS :TAMASHA

21. FOLK THEATRE FORMS :NAUTANKI
✓Is a North Indian folk drama form performed on an open and bare stage
✓Derives it’s name from Rani Nautanki of Multan whose young lover
disguised himself as a women to gain entry into her chambers
✓Nautanki has a simple dramatic structure comprising small units linked by
a Ranga or a sutradhar ,the narrator.
✓The themes are derived from the ancient epics and from folklore like the
tale of Laila and Manju or Sultan Daku
✓Music is of prime importance in this folk drama for it gives it the pace and
tempo required.
✓The main musical instruments used are the Makkara (kettle drum) and
Dholak
✓The dialogues are sung to popular folk melodies and even to popular film
tunes
✓The dramatic forms can easily be adopted to make social and political
comments on contempory events and leaders.

22. NAUTANKI

23. Khayal
Khayal is mainly performed in Rajasthan.
It is a combination of song, dance and drama.
Music is an important aspect in this form of folk theatre.
It is performed not only for entertainment purpose but it is used mainly as an
essential means of communication between actors. There is an immense variety in
the use
of singing—sometimes by the characters individually or in the chorus. Instrumental
music is also used in the beginning of the performance to create a favourable
atmosphere for the play.26

24. Khayal

25. BHAVAI

26. FOLK SONG and FOLK DANCE
✓The folk songs and dances help reveal individual talents of the people as
well as well as the collective traditions and characters of the community
and love for rhythm
✓Performed during special occassions like festivals,social occasions,kisan
melas and other agricultural and rural development programmes.
✓Folk dances are expressive of the philosophies of life.
✓Local Dialects ,tune and tone are used in folk songs and dances so that it
is easy for people to remember and express themselves.
✓Folk songs and dances are entertaining in nature and can be used very
effectively to replace the boredom of a serious discussion.

27. Marathi Bhajans which are generally based on traditional ragas.
􀁺 Mand is a Rajasthani folk tune
􀁺 The Ghazal
is a form of Urdu poetry that is sung. Eloquent ‘shayari’(poetry),
gentle ‘mausiqui’ (music) and fragile ‘jazbaat’ (emotions) combine to create the ghazal. The music
for the Ghazal is slow paced and lyrics are often repeated wice or thrice. The first couplet of a
ghazal is area ‘matla’ and the finishing couplet is called ‘makta’. The remaining couplets are called
‘misra’ and ‘antara’.
􀁺 Qawwali
is a high-pitched and fast paced style of singing that was developed n the thirteenth century.
During that period, Sufism was becoming popular inIndia and Qawwali emerged from the mystical
sayings of sufi saints. The followers of Khawaja Moinuddin Chisti Garib Nawaz, the famous Sufi
saint of Ajmer (Rajasthan) adopted and improvised Hindustani classical music into what is called
qawwali. Despite originally having developed from mystical music, it later also began to include
romantic themes.

28. Diwaliben Bhil
is the well-known Gujarati folk singer
and Padma award winner, has recently
passed away in Junagadh, Gujarat.
She had given her voice to various
Gujarati film songs, folk songs and
Garba and also performed on All India
Radio and Doordarshan.

29. qawwali

30. MELAS AND FESTIVALS
✓Melas are synonymous with joy and fun
✓A rural mela has a special significance.
✓It is an occasion of festivity and mass gathering as well as
unbound expression of the spirit of inner freedom of creative pride
of test of life and colorful traditions permeating the farmer's life.
✓Melas and Festivals are often accompanied by field
demonstrations , exhibitions(agro industrial exhibition),rural sports
, question answer sessions ,recreational programmes,film shows.
✓Kisan Mela and Kisan Diwas have turned out to be important
festivals.

32. STORY TELLING /KEERTANA/HARIKATHA/RIDDLES/PROVERBS
✓Story Telling is one of the best and most commonly used method of
instruction in informal education , religious propaganda , rural
development etc.
✓Keertana or Harikatha is a kind of concentrated drama in which one
gifted actor enters swiftly into a whole series of characters ,moods
and managers . It is believed to have spread from Maharashtra to
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu 150 yrs ago . It is found to be closely
associated with the bhakti movement and used by Kabir and
Tukaram.
✓Riddles are educational device through which elders used to
communicate knowledge and help in conveying real message of
technology ,crop cultivation and home making.
✓Agricultural games designed to help learn something while they are
enjoying themselves.Some popular games –Snakes and
Ladders,Playing Cards.
✓Proverbs predominate oral civilization and represent the essence of

34. BIOSCOPE /MUNADI /WALL PAINTINGS/
✓Bioscope –consists of a box made of light wood . It contains quite a number of folding
doors ,each like a panel hinged on one side with another panel with colorful figures and
mythological episodes and incarnations of gods and goddesses . It helps in conveying the
people of educational messages like vegetable preservation ,mosquito control
,cultivation of different crops etc.
✓Munadi –In this form the drum is beaten and the attention of the audience is arrested
and then the message delivered. The medium is used to inform the people about some
happenings like extension activities ,meeting .
✓Wall Paintings –refers to the practice of drawing or writing on walls . It helps in
reaching out to the illiterate masses. The power of picture and it’s local touch with the
strong emotional appeal
✓Literature –The vedas and other literature sources are often used methodology to
communicate with the mass.

36. sculpture

37. Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
Minister of State in the Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting
Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu
Minister of Urban Development;
Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation;
Minister of Information and Broadcasting

38. TRADITIONAL MEDIA IN INDIA
BOOK WRITTEN BY
SHYAM PARMAR

39. as per John Lent, Professor of Communication, USA, a new lease of life is given to this
media.
The Third World Countries are gradually giving serious thought for the use of
traditional media to aid the development programmes.
He further points out that it is India to lead in attempting to preserve the cultural
identify of indigenous arts to bring a sense of functional relevancy to them and
established a song and drama division as a branch of information and broadcasting
ministry in 1954. This division is putting every effort to convert this ancient wealth of
performing arts to developmental communication functions. The foremost user of the
traditional media in our country is the Directorate of Field Publicity and the Song and
Drama Division of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India.

40. RESEARCH REQUIREMENT and MODERN MEDIA
✓The traditional media should be an integral part of the development
programme
✓Many traditional forms of communication are dying of onslaught of
modern mass media.
✓The traditional media is personal , familiar and more credible with which
the majority of literate and illiterate people in the villages identify
themselves.
✓Need to be used with understanding and sensitivity.
✓ A deliberate distortion can alienate the masses and lead to vulgarization.
✓Folk forms are community and language specific and bear values and norms
which need to be taken into account.

41. MODERN MEDIA AND THE FOLK MEDIA
✓The traditional media can be a potent tool of communication if
appropriately integrated with the modern mass media.
✓The learning process can become more interesting and permanent
✓The traditional media infused with new themes and ideas can be
source of pride to the rural people who may not feel home in a world of
modern mass media.
✓At the same time folk entertainments can provide fresh and interesting
programme material for the mass media making them more acceptable
to both the rural and urban audiences.
RESEARCH REQUIREMENT and MODERN MEDIA