Microorganisms can be both harmful and useful. Useful microorganisms are used to make curd, bread, medicines, increase soil fertility, clean the environment, produce vaccines, and commercially produce alcohol and wine. While most bacteria are harmless and some are helpful, certain bacteria and viruses can cause diseases like diarrhea, sore throat, and AIDS in humans, plants and animals. Protozoa can also be either harmless or cause harmful diseases like malaria, and fungi such as yeast are useful for producing bread and cake but require a microscope to be seen.