Naglalarawan sa panitikan sa Panahon ng mga kastila, Binubuo ng mga sikat na mga literatura at mga kilalang tao sa Panahon ng Kastila..Mga naiambag sa atin ng mga Kastila sa ating Panitikan..
2. 1565- first permanent settlement in the
Philippines
Imposed on the Filipino people the
Spanish monarchy and the Roman
Catholic religion
Pueblos (taga-bayan) – were easily reach
of the power of the Church and State
- “ urbane and civilized”
Filipino
Taga- bundok, taga-bukid- kept their
distance from the colonial administrators
and their native agents; staying close to
the sources of their livelihood in the
mountains or the hinterlands
-Indio (native); Brutos salvages (
salvage brutes)
3. Non-Christian-Filipinos come to be
regarded with Condescension
The name “Filipino” was reserved for
Spaniards born in the Philippines
Everybody else who had only native
ancestors was an “Indian”.
Spanish Colonial Rule was supposed to
derive its authority from the union of
Church and State.
The Parish Priest- only Spaniards who
had direct contact with Filipinos ;became
the embodiment of Spanish power and
culture among the colonized populace.
4. The literature of the entire period was
in the main created under his
encouragement and supervision
Although in the last half century of
Spanish rule, the attitudes and
outlook of medieval Catholicism as
these were represented by the friar/
missionary/ parish priest began to be
challenged by Filipinos who had, by
virtue of a university education, come
into the orbit of liberal minds in
nineteenth- century Spain and
Europe.
5. A Confluence of two
cultures
Monopoly of printing presses by religious orders
prior to the nineteenth century explains the
religious content of Early written literature.
Dominicans were the first to set-up a printing
press,
Doctrina christiana ( Christian Doctrine 1593) –
first book ever published in the Philippines
Francisco Blancas de San Jose (friar-
lexicographer)- produced the first printed literary
work in Tagalog appeared in one of the books
This was the poem “May Bagyo Ma’t Mat Rilim (
Though It Is Stormy and Dark) which was
published in Memorial de la vida Cristiana (
Memorandum of Christian life, 1605) along with
the poems by San Jose himself and by the
bilingual poet (ladino) Fernando Bagongbanta.
6. Doctrina Christiana
The First Book
Printed in the
Philippines
printed in Gothic
letters and Tagalog
characters
signed Juan de Cuellar
7. “
uses turbulent nature of imagery to affirm Christian heroism
Use of the seven-syllable line, the monorime and the talinghaga (metaphor) of
Pre-colonial poetry.
Anonymous author
meeting of two cultures
The work exemplifies that the missionaries were doing to oral literature they
found among Filipinos
Being such a pervasive presence in Philippine society during the three centuries
of Spanish colonialism, the songs , riddles, proverbs and tales of the Pagans
understandably made the missionaries and the Parish priest apprehensive
Oral literature was “Christianized
8. Spanish Imposition, Filipino Response
Reading, writing and arithmetic were taught in
catechetical school
Main purpose of schooling was to impart the
fundamentals of Christian doctrine to the children
In eighteenth century, it was rare Filipino who
had schooling beyond the catechetical level
Ladinos( Latinized)- Filipinos able to read and
write in one of the Latin languages
Pedro Bukaneg- the Ilokano poet to whom the
published version of Lam-ang is often attributed
Tomas Pinpin- the printer/author of a manual titled
Ang Librong Pag-aaralan ng mga Tagalog ng Wikang
Castilla, ( The Book the tagalogs Must Study in
Spanish, 1610)
Fernando Bagongbanta- the poet mentioned earlier
for his contribution to San Jose’s Memorial de la vida
Cristiana
9. Gaspar Aquino de Belen- the first Filipino literary
artist, the first one to come up with a long work
that bore the signs of conscious design and
careful composition
Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong
Panginoon Natin ( The Sacred Passion of Jesus
Christ Our Lord, 1704) appeared as an
addendum to Aquino’s translation of a Spanish
devotional work. Tagalog ostosyllabic verse, the
poem relates the events leading to the crucifixion,
starting from the Last Supper, in strophies of five
monoriming lines
was treasured as a Christian narrative poem
intended to replace the epic poems of the Pagan past
10. Pasyon- a permanent tribute to the 1704
poem
Sinakulo- a stage play on the passion and
death of Christ
this is a dramatic
performance to
commemorate the
passion and death
of Jesus Christ.
Halos lahat ng pasyon ay nasusulat sa
quintillos
unang Pilipinong sumulat at kumanta
ng pasyon sa Tagalog ay si “Padre
Gaspar Aquilino de Belen”
11. Eighteenth Century
Komedya- theatre genre; drew its plot
from medieval Spanish ballads about
highborn warriors and their colourful
adventures for love and fame, providing
Filipino viewers a glimpse of an Idealized
European society that exemplified the
virtue of religious piety and steadfast
loyalty to the monarch
12. 2 types of narrative poems
became popular at this time
Awit – strophe consisted of four
monoriming dodesyllabic lines
Korido- strophe consisted of four
monoriming octosyllabic lines
Both were sung or chanted, never
simply read and apparently they
circulated the way oral literature
circulated, enabling the more
popular ones to reach a wide
audience at atime when the
greater majority og the population
was illiterate
13. First half of the Nineteenth
Century
Witnessed the peak of the awit as a poetic genre in
the masterwork of the poet Francisco Baltazar
(1788-1862), p.k.a as Balagtas
Famous works:
La India Elegante y el Negrito Amante ( The
fashionable India and Her Negrito Suitor)- a short
farce
Orosman at Zafira- a full length komedya
Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at ni Laura sa
Cahariang Albania ( The life of Florante and Laura
Went Through in the Kingdom of Albania, 1838)
Historians put Balagtas in the forefront of Philippine
Literature, designating him as first of the two literary
giants of the period of Spanish colonialism
Filipino writers during Balagtas’ time wrote not for a
reading but for a “listening “audience.
14. Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at ni Laura sa
Cahariang Albania ( The life of Florante and
Laura Went Through in the Kingdom of
Albania,1838) Florante at Laura (Florante and Laura)
was indicative of the pressures that
acted upon the Filipino man of letters ;
is in the form of the awit familiar to
Filipino lovers of traditional verse, and it
was sung like the ancient epics and the
more recent pasyon
Marks of classical learning manifest to
Greek and Roman Mythology
Its figurative language ( extravagant
rhetoric of Spanish poetry of the Middle
Ages)
15. Mahiganteng Langit (Vengeful
Heaven) - the first celebrated soliloquies that make Florante at Laura a rich source
of ethical precepts many of which have entered the traditional lore of
Filipinos.
In the last half of the nineteenth century, Jose Rizal and his generation
were to read foreshadowing of nationalism in Balagtas’ poem
The poem was thought to be an accurate reflection of the misery and
outrage of a people refusing to be crushed by foreign oppression
An imaginative work anticipating in an allegorical form the reformist’s
own condemnation of colonial abuses.
The appearance of modern Tagalog poetry in the twentieth century was
to come in the form of a revolt against Balagtas.
16. Ibong Adarna
Ibong Adarna is an epic written in the 18th Century
about an eponymous magical bird. The title's longer
form during theSpanish Era was "Corrido at Buhay na
Pinagdaanan nang Tatlóng Principeng anac nang
Haring Fernando at nang Reina Valeriana sa
Cahariang Berbania" (Filipino for "Corrido and Life
Lived by the Three Princes, children of King Fernando
and Queen Valeriana in the Kingdom of Berbania").
The author of the largely known epic was claimed to
be José de la Cruz or "Huseng Sisiw", but until now
the real author was never known.
17. Orosman at Zafira( 1974)
Florante at Laura was described
as ‘the cause of every evil deed’,
is the force that keeps things
happening in Orosman at Zafira.
Three- part play
18. Balagtas Real concerns:
Florante at Laura –to rise above the theme of religious
war., real concern appear with the clash of human motives
when men and their women are c aught up in their turnoil
of social disorder
In Orosman at Zafira, creation of character portraits that
have a greater depth and dimension than the conventional
cardboard heroine and heroes of the celebrated awit,
revealing a more mature artist than the one we know
through Florante at Laura.
19. a native priest who lived in the first half of the
nineteenth century, notable for his sermons in Tagalog
Contribution :
Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at Feliza
( Exhange of Letters between Twp Maidens Urbana and
Feliza, 1864- Popular books of manner
Sa Katungkulan sa Bayan (On Public Officers) and Sa
Piging ( at a Banquet) are excerpts from the book that
helps us appreciate the profound influence of de Castro’s
prescriptions on the social behaviors of Christian
Filipinos, not only in the Tagalog region
Urbana at Feliza was to establish the stereotypes of
popular characters who were to people Tagalog dramas
and novels in the early years of the twentieth century.
Modesto de Castro
20. Urbana at Feliza
Written by Modesto de Castro
during 1938
In which two sisters exchange
letters on sundry topics that
included the requisites of public
office and proper decorum at the
dinner table
this was suggested as a form of
expression by women. The story relates the
importance of purity
and ideal virtues that
married people should
practice and enrich.
21. The Growth of a Nationalist Consciousness
A royal decree in 1863 opened new horizons
to the emergent middle class when it
provided for a complete educational system
consisting of elementary, secondary and
collegiate levels
Pedro Paterno (1857-1911) and Jose Rizal
(1861-1896) were writers who employed
Spanish no longer to propagandize for the
Christian religion but for changing concept
of “Filipino”, Which at this stage had ceased
to refer only to Philippine-born Spaniards
and now include Spanish mestizos, Chinese
mestizos and Hispanized indios.
22. Pedro A. Paterno
Works:
Sampaguita (native fragrant flowers), a book
more notable for what its symbolized than for
its value of literature ;marked the beginning of
the national consciousness among the Filipino
intelligentsia
Ninay (1885), like Sampaguitas, insisted on its
“nationality”, first Filipino novel ever
24. Noli Me Tangere
Noli Me Tangere marks the first time
realism as a literary concept entered
Philippine writing.
It was with the end of analysing problems
of the colony so that something could be
done to solve them
The chapter “Capitan Tiago” is a masterful
character study in which touches the irony and
wit leavewn the authors heaviliy detailed
commentary onn the weaknesses of the native
elite that make them prone to exploitation by
their foreign masters.
25. El Filibusterismo
( The Filibuster, 1891)
It is even more loosely plotted than Noli
Me Tangere but its wealth of political
insight makes it an interesting window
into Rizal’s mind. It is a bitter book,
attesting to Rizal’s darkening vision of the
Possibility of enlightened rule by Spain in
the immediate future. The final chapter
of the novel is a dramatic working out of
the novelist’s view of revolution through
character analysis in which Simoun’s pain
and anguish are juxtapose with Padre
Florentino’s quietism and moral certitude
to bring the novel to a deeply moving
conclusion.
26. Rizal’s Poetry
A las Flores de Heidelberg ( To the
Flowers of Heidelberg)-
conversational, only hinting the at
the pain of the exile
Ultimo Adios (Final Farewell)-
sonorous and incantatory,
achieving a cumulative emotional
impact by piling detail upon
evocative detal intil the climatic
penultimate stanza
The essay as literary reform found
a congenial time to develop during
the campaign for reform in the
27. Last quarter of the
Nineteenth century
The Propaganda Movement (1872-
1896) provided the impetus for its
development- issues had to be
clarified, abuses and injustice
denounced accusations refused, future
action laid out
28. La Solidaridad ( The Solidarity, 1889-1895)
La Solidaridad ( The Solidarity,
1889-1895) .the organ that would
project the views of the
movement was founded “ to fight
all forms of reaction, to impede
all retrogression, to hail and
accept all liberal ideas and to
defend all progress
Two leading propagandists:
Marcelo H. del Pilar and Jose Rizal
Su Excelencia, Senor Don Vicente
Barrantes by Rizal and
Asimilacion de Filipinas (The
Assimilation of the Philippines) by
Marcelo H. del Pilar
29. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
(1850-1896), “Plaridel”
Works:
Sagot ng Espanya sa Hibik ng Pilipinas (The Respone of
Spain to the Pleas of the Philippines)- was a companion
piece to Hermenegildo Flores” Hibik ng Pilipinas sa Inang
Espanya ( The Plea of the Philippines to Mother Spain) --
- [portrayal of the sad fight of the Philippines under the
the “monastic supremacy” of the friars
Ang Pasyong Dapat Ipag-alab ng Taong Baba sa
Kalupitan ng Fraile (The Passion Story That Ought to
inflame the Hearts of Persons Subjected to the Cruelty of
Friars)
Dupluhan- a fragment from a duplo discourse in which
the form of the folk game has been given patriotic
content.
30. Shift of Spanish to Tagalog
as the language of the
Nationalist movement
signalled more than a
change of medium
Reformism to Revolution
The literature that was to be
written in Tagalog
Katipunan
Katipunan Andres Bonifacio
(1863-1896) and Emilio
Jacinto (1875-1899) used
Tagalog to advantage as
a tool for organizing the
masses.
31. Bonifacio’s poem aiming is to
establish once and for all the
break from reformism makes the
daughter speak out in the
renunciation of the “negligent and
perfidious” mother.
Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga
Tagalog (What the Tagalog Must
Know) is a simple and forthright
essay rallying in the Struggle
against Spain
32. Emilio Jacinto
Liwanag At Dilim- Emilio’
Jacinto’s short essays that have
come down to us
Ang Ningning at Liwanag (Shiny
Light and Brighty Light)
and “Katipunan”
The Revolution that led to the
proclamation of independence in
Kawit, Cavite.
33. Apolinario Mabini
Mabini was among those who tried
through reason and passion to keep
the Revolution going.
General Franklin Bell, the ruthless
commander of the American Forces
in Batangas, called for the surrender
of the Filipino revolutionary forces
La Revolucion Filipina ( The
Philippine Revolution, 1902), Mabini’s
letter; a quality that bespeaks the
author’s prodigious intelligence and
wisdom
34. Women as literary artists doubtless
existed prior to the nineteenth century.
In the latter half of the nineteenth
century, early literary pieces by women
surfaced, all of the poems.
Leona Florentino- an Ilokano poet whose
opinions and married life departed from
the moral and social expectations of the
period
Gregoria de Jesus – Supremo’s wife who
addresses her deceased husband Andres
Bonifacio, poignant in its recollection of
details of her married past that had now
become reminders of her bereavement
The third bears the nine women, each
one an allegorical penname, pleading
their case as Victims of the ravages of
U.S. colonial rape
35. At the close of the Nineteenth
Century, the body of written
Philippine literature was in general
largely religious, consisting
poems and Homilitic essays pronted
in Catholic Pamphlets and
newspapers
Existed in the oral tradition and
manuscripts
Made up poems, plays and songs on
romantic subjects taken from the
Spanish ballads.
Marks the beginning of a truly
Filipino literature
classification
during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish governor-general in the Philippines.
condescension
embodiment
Early in the seventeenth Century, the Franciscans, Jesuits and Augustinians put up their respective presses and turned out grammars, dictionaries and confession manuals
Their mission was made easier by the forced relocation of indigenous peoples during this time, as the uprooted natives turned to the foreign, structured religion as the new center of their lives. The priests and friars preached in local languages and employed indigenous peoples as translators, creating a bilingual class known as ladinos.
The Doctrina Christiana was an early book of Roman Catholic Catechism, written in 1593 by Fray Juan de Plasencia, and is believed to be one of the earliest books printed in the Philippines.
The Doctrina Christiana is remarkable not only for having been printed at such an early period in an elaborated blackletter of the Spanish language, but also for having copies made in Tagalog, both in Latin script and the commonly used Baybayinscript of the natives at the time, plus another translation in traditional Chinese
In the early seventeenth century a Tagalog printer, Tomas Pinpin, set out to write a book in romanized phonetic script, which would teach Tagalogs the principles of learning Castilian. His book, published by the Dominican press where he worked, appeared in 1610. Unlike the missionary's grammar (which Pinpin had set in type), the Tagalog native's book dealt with the language of the dominant rather than the subordinate other. Pinpin's book was the first such work ever written and published by a Philippine native. As such, it is richly instructive for what it tells us about the interests that animated Tagalog translation and, by implication, Tagalog conversion in the early colonial period. Pinpin construed translation in ways that tended less to oppose than to elude the totalizing claims of Spanish signifying conventions.
Ladinos cya kai both Spanish and tagalog
Long poem
addendum
he natives, called "indios", generally were not taught Spanish, but the bilingual individuals, notably poet-translator Gaspar Aquino de Belen, produced devotional poetry written in the Roman script in the Tagalog language. Pasyon, begun by Aquino de Belen, is a narrative of the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, which has circulated in many versions. Later, the Mexican ballads of chivalry, the corrido, provided a model for secular literature. Verse narratives, or komedya, were performed in the regional languages for the illiterate majority. They were also written in the Roman alphabet in the principal languages and widely circulated.
Two types of narrative poems became popular at the same time
: Adapted from some ‘historical pictures’ or paintings that tell of what happened in early times in the Greek Empire, and were set to rhyme by one delighting in Tagalog verse”) by Francisco Balagtas is considered as one of the masterpieces ofPhilippine literature. Balagtas wrote the epic during his imprisonment. He dedicated to his sweetheart María Asuncion Rivera, whom he nicknamed "M. A. R." and is referenced to as "Selya" in the dedication "Kay Selya" ("For Celia").This is being taught in High School students of Grade 8
Oral transmission of this poem from generation to generation and listeners had allowed growing dissatisfaction of Filipinos with
Skill in manipulating the rich mellifluous music of the tagalog language and a deft hand in a class by himself
All succeeding poets were to be measured against him
Assasination of Mahamud, sultan of Marruecosand a father of ZAfira
The story is all about two sisters exchanging letters to each other. Urbana as the eldest sister always gives an advice to her younger sister Feliza who’s studying in Manila.
Written by Padre Modest De Castro from Binan, Laguna. He was called as the Father of Classical Prose in the Tagalog region.
Noli Me Tángere (Touch me Not) is a novel written by José Rizal, considered as one of the national heroes of thePhilippines, during the colonization of the country by Spain to expose the inequities of the Spanish Catholic priests and the ruling government. The title, in Latin meaning Touch me not, refers to John 20:17 in the Bible (King James Version) as Mary Magdalene tried to touch the newly risen Jesus, He said "Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father.“ Early English translations of the novel used titles like An Eagle Flight (1900) and The Social Cancer(1912),
Originally written in Spanish, the book is more commonly published and read in the Philippines in either Filipino orEnglish. Together with its sequel, El Filibusterismo, the reading of Noli is obligatory for high school students throughout the archipelago.
El Filibusterismo (lit. Spanish for "The Filibustering"[1]), also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed,[2]is the second novel written by Philippine national hero José Rizal. It is the sequel to Noli Me Tángere and, like the first book, was written in Spanish. It was first published in 1891 in Ghent, Belgium.
The novel's dark theme departs dramatically from the previous novel's hopeful and romantic atmosphere, signifying the character Ibarra's resort to solving his country's issues through violent means, after his previous attempt at reforming the country's system have made no effect and seemed impossible with the attitudes of the Spaniards towards the Filipinos. The novel along with its predecessor were banned in some parts of the Philippines as a result of their portrayals of the Spanish government's abuse and corruption. These novels along with Rizal's involvement in organizations that aim to address and reform the Spanish system and its issues led to Rizal's exile to Dapitan and eventual execution. Both the novel and its predecessor, along with Rizal's last poem, are now considered Rizal's literary masterpieces.