Overview of the steps involved in Clinical NLP with some examples of the challenges and how to approach Clinical NLP.

4. >>> text = word_tokenize("They refuse to permit us to obtain the refuse permit")
>>> nltk.pos_tag(text)
[('They', 'PRP'), ('refuse', 'VBP'), ('to', 'TO'), ('permit', 'VB'), ('us', 'PRP'), ('to', 'TO'), ('obtain', 'VB'), ('the',
'DT'), ('refuse', 'NN'), ('permit', 'NN')]
POS reference: https://cs.nyu.edu/grishman/jet/guide/PennPOS.html

5. Image from: http://www.nltk.org/book/ch07.html

10. discharge
discharge

11. Chest x-ray again shows a well-circumscribed nodule located in
the left upper lobe. The tumor has increased in size by 2 cm.
William Hayes is the patient’s name. The patient suffered
chest/abdominal pains. He also described feelings of nausea.
The nurse provided a cold compress. He then …

12. Patient presents with chest pain ... After administration of
nitroglycerin, the chest pain resolved.

13. It was felt that the patient probably had a cerebrovascular accident involving the left
side of the brain. Other differentials entertained were perhaps seizure and the patient
being post-ictal when he was found, although this consideration is less likely
This is a 62-year-old man who has no prior history of coronary artery
disease
She received her influenza vaccine

19. http://www.mayoclinic.org/ejection-fraction/expert-answers/faq-20058286

20. Functional gallbladder disorder is a diagnosis of exclusion in a patient with typical biliary-type
pain. The first step in the evaluation of such patients is to exclude other causes for the patient's
pain. If no other causes are identified, patients should undergo cholecystokinin (CCK)-stimulated
cholescintigraphy to confirm the diagnosis. CCK-stimulated cholescintigraphy allows for
calculation of the gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF), which is low in patients with functional
gallbladder disorder (<40 percent) and helps predict which patients are likely to respond to
cholecystectomy.
Reference: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/functional-
gallbladder-disorder-in-adults

22. https://idash.ucsd.edu/sites/default/files/nlp-
media/AMIANLPTutorial10072012.pdf