Self-construals refer to how people view themselves in relation to others and their culture. People from collectivist cultures tend to have interdependent self-construals and see themselves as part of a group, while those from individualist cultures have independent self-construals and see themselves as separate. The Zeigarnik effect is a psychological phenomenon where uncompleted or interrupted tasks are remembered better than completed ones, showing that unmet goals are more cognitively accessible due to the tension created by their incompletion.