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1. A common neurological issue that affects millions of American
A common neurological issue that affects millions of AmericanA common neurological issue
that affects millions of AmericanA common neurological issue that affects millions of
American per year are strokes or cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The majority of these are
ischemic, and the minority are hemorrhagic. Hypertension is the primary cause of ischemic
strokes (Khaku and Tadi, 2020). An Ischemic stroke is a stroke that occurs when an artery
to the brain is blocked and decreases blood flow to some regions of the brain
(Strokecenter.org, n.d.). Blood from the lungs and heart contain oxygen, nutrients that the
brain needs to carry out our normal lives. This blood not only delivers oxygen to the brain
but also removes wastes such as carbon dioxide and cellular debris to be metabolized or
removed by the lungs. When the artery is blocked the brain, cells do not receive oxygenated
blood that is needed to function, and the brain cells affected if blocked for more than a few
minutes, resulting in brain cells to die and cause permanent cell and possible brain damage.
Symptoms of a stroke depend upon what area of the brain is affected: Acute changes in the
level of consciousness or confusion, acute onset of weakness or paralysis to extremities or
part of the body, Numbness, partial vision loss, double vision, difficulty speaking or
understanding speech, or difficulty with balance and dizziness (Wedro, 2019). Predisposing
factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smokers, a-fib, and heart
dysrhythmias, are at increased risk for stroke (Wedro, 2019).ORDER NOW FOR ORIGINAL,
PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERSNot every patient diagnosed with this will display the common
symptoms of hypertension, which means they may not take proper precautions because the
symptoms are not severe. The disease will continue to progress and lead to a higher risk of
stroke. It is essential to explain to patients that they need to monitor their blood pressure,
adhere to a proper diet, quit smoking if they do, and even engage in more physical activity.
It is also important to explain the symptoms of a stroke. Most people recognize FAST, which
is F (facial drooping) A (arm weakness) S (speech symptoms such as slurring words or
unable to find them) and T (time to call 911). It is vital to recognize these symptoms not
only because they are life-threatening but also because if proper intervention, the patient
may be eligible for the thrombolytic. The patient and family should all be educated on this
because this is lifesaving information. The nurse should assess the patient’s readiness and
willingness to learn and find the learning style for education to be effective. Once that is
done, a thorough explanation of lifestyle modification due to the dangers of stroke. Teach
back method is the best way to assess how well the patient has understood the teaching and
the patient’s primary language used. Patients and families should be involved in the plan of

2. care for teaching to be effective.References:Wedro, B. (2019). Stroke: FAST, Symptoms,
Causes, Types, Treatment, Prevention. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from
https://www.medicinenet.com/stroke_symptoms_and_treatment/article.htmStrokeCenter.
org. (n.d.). The Internet Stroke Center. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from
http://www.strokecenter.org/patients/about-stroke/ischemic-stroke/Khaku, A. and Tadi,
P., 2020. Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke). [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at:
[Accessed July 20 2020].reply2Migraine -is characterized by recurrent attacks of moderate
to-severe, lateralized, throbbing, or pulsatile pain in the head and often associated with
photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting.Migraine is a syndromic disorder that
occurs as a result of abnormalities involving membrane channels, receptor families, and
enzyme systems (changes in the brainstem and its interactions with the trigeminal nerve a
major pathway be involved, imbalances in brain chemicals (serotonin which help regulate
pain in the nervous system). Migraine is often associated with various comorbidities like
Hypertension, Hypotension, Elevated lipid profile, Thyroid disorders, Depression,
Ophthalmic disorders, Chronic sinusitis and Elevated intra‑cerebral pressure (AlQarni, Fayi,
Alsharif, Siddiqui, & Alhazzani, 2020).Contributing factors to migraines include; -Family
history of migraines (inheritable), smoking, stress high levels of stress anxiety and
depression, hormonal changes in in women poor sleep quality significantly associated with
higher risks of migraine (Hsu et al., 2020) and hormonal changes in women. The primary
step for appropriate and efficient therapy of migraine is correct diagnosis, eliminating
alternative causes, educating the patient and finding better treatment for management of
pain pressure (Ahmad et al., 2020).To promote health and prevent migraines, and improve
the patients quality of life ,patients can be referred to through Biobehavioral treatments
which include therapeutic patient education (TPE) and self-care, cognitive behavioral
interventions, and biobehavioral training (Hsu et al.,2020).Psychotherapy, group therapy
helps the patient to overcome withdrawal ,isolation and find support to build skills and
learn on how to live with pain,build relationships and avoid negative thinking management,
educate on relaxation techniques such as self-hypnosis an bio feedback for stress
management (Wotton & Kissoon,MD, 2020), ask the patient to log triggers that cause the
migraines and how to prevent and manage them life style management(,importance of
exercise, diet medication adherence, hormonal therapy . A common neurological issue that
affects millions of AmericanAhmad, A., Ali, M. D., Hassan, M., Dhefairy, A., Saad, A., & Khalifa,
A. (2020). Treatment Pattern and Awareness of Migraine in Eastern Provinces, Saudi
Arabia: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical
Investigation, 10(2), 221–224. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijpi.2020.2.41.AlQarni, M., Fayi, K.,
Alsharif, M., Siddiqui, A., & Alhazzani, A. (2020). Prevalence of migraine and nonmigraine
headache and its relation with other diseases in the adults of Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia.
Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 9(3), 1567–1572.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_962_19Hsu, Y.-W., Liang, C.-S., Lee, J.-T., Chu, H.-T.,
Lee, M.-S., Tsai, C.-L., … Yang, F.-C. (2020). Associations between migraine occurrence and
the effect of aura, age at onset, family history, and sex: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE,
15(2), e0228284. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228284Wotton, R. J., MDiv, PHD,
& Kissoon,MD, N. R. K. (2020, February 24). UpToDate. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from

3. www.uptodate.com website: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/migraines-in-adults-
beyond-the-basics