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Us ing
Convers ion
Factors
Ju s t like a dozen re p re s e nts 1 2 of s om e th ing,
s u ch as d onu ts , igu anas , ch e m is try as s ignm e nts , e tc.,
  a mole als o re p re s e nts an am ou nt of s om e th ing.
  It is 6.02 x 1 0 23 of s om e th ing. A m ole can
  re p re s e nt 6.02 x 1 0 d onu ts , igu anas , toe s , e tc.
                           23

  In ch e m is try, it is norm ally u s e d to re p re s e nt
  an am ou nt of atom s , ions , m ole cu le s , or form u la
  u nits .
  C olle ctive ly, atom s , ions , m ole cu le s , or form u la
  u nits are calle d re p re se ntative p articl s .  e
Because chemists deal with such
large amounts of particles,
it is easier to work with moles of particles
amounts of particles can be expressed
not only as moles,
but as mass (grams),
as volume (liters), and
as individual particles (atoms, molecules,
     ions, formula units, etc.)
a measurement of a sample
of a molecule, H2O for example,
can be converted            O
                              H
from mass                  H
to moles
to particles
to volume
and back again
to any unit of measurement desired
using
the right     this
             is so
conversion   cool!!

factors
m as s

                                  m olar m as s
             1 m ol                   1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m oles
                                                 1 m ol
                                        6 .02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                           6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                   1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                    num ber of
                                         repres entative
                                            particles
m as s

                                  m olar m as s
             1 m ol                   1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m oles
                                                 1 m ol
                                        6 .02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                           6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                   1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                    num ber of
                                         repres entative
                                            particles
m as s

                                  m olar m as s
             1 m ol                   1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m oles
                                                 1 m ol
                                        6 .02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                           6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                   1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                    num ber of
                                         repres entative
                                            particles
m a ss
                                  m olar m as s
             1 m ol                   1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m oles
                                                 1 m ol
                                        6 .02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                           6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                   1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                    num ber of
                                         repres entative
                                            particles
m a ss
                                    m olar m as s
             1 m ol                     1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m o le s
                                                  1 m ol
                                          6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                            6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                    1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                      num ber of
                                           repres entative
                                              particles
m a ss
                                    m olar m as s
             1 m ol                     1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m o le s
                                                  1 m ol
                                          6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                            6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                    1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                      num ber of
                                           repres entative
                                              particles
m a ss
                                    m olar m as s
             1 m ol                     1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m o le s
                                                  1 m ol
                                          6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                            6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                    1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                      num ber of
                                           repres entative
                                              particles
m a ss
                                    m olar m as s
             1 m ol                     1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m o le s
                                                  1 m ol
                                          6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                            6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                    1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                      num ber of
                                           repres entative
                                              particles
35 g Al                        m a ss
                                        m olar m as s
                   1 m ol                   1 m ol
               m olar m as s

                               m oles
                                                       1 m ol
                                              6 .02 x 10 23 particles
      22.4L
      1 m ol        1 m ol
                    22.4L
                                 6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                         1 m ol
          volum e
          at S TP                                num ber of
                                               repres entative
                                                  particles
35 g Al                        m a ss
                                            m olar m as s
                     1 m ol                     1 m ol
                 m olar m as s

? moles Al                       m o le s
                                                          1 m ol
                                                  6.02 x 10 23 particles
        22.4L
        1 m ol       1 m ol
                     22.4L
                                    6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                            1 m ol
         volum e
         at S TP                                     num ber of
                                                   repres entative
                                                      particles
35 g Al x 1 mol                   m a ss
          27 g
                                             m olar m as s
                      1 m ol                     1 m ol
                  m olar m as s

                                  m o le s
                                                           1 m ol
                                                   6.02 x 10 23 particles
         22.4L
         1 m ol       1 m ol
                      22.4L
                                     6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                             1 m ol
          volum e
          at S TP                                     num ber of
                                                    repres entative
                                                       particles
35 g Al x 1 mol                 m a ss
           27 g
  35 g Al x 1 mol                          m olar m as s
=                   1 m ol                     1 m ol
        27g     m olar m as s

                                m o le s
                                                         1 m ol
                                                 6.02 x 10 23 particles
           22.4L
           1 m ol     1 m ol
                      22.4L
                                   6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                           1 m ol
            volum e
            at S TP                                 num ber of
                                                  repres entative
                                                     particles
35 g Al x 1 mol                 m a ss
          27 g
  35 mol Al                                m olar m as s
=                   1 m ol                     1 m ol
     27         m olar m as s

= 1.3 mols Al                   m o le s
                                                         1 m ol
                                                 6.02 x 10 23 particles
           22.4L
           1 m ol     1 m ol
                      22.4L
                                   6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                           1 m ol
            volum e
            at S TP                                 num ber of
                                                  repres entative
                                                     particles
m a ss                            ? mass SiO2

                                    m olar m as s
             1 m ol                     1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m o le s                            0.8 moles SiO2
                                                  1 m ol
                                          6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                            6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                    1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                      num ber of
                                           repres entative
                                              particles
m a ss                            ? mass SiO2

                                    m olar m as s
             1 m ol                     1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m o le s                            0.8 moles SiO2
                                                  1 m ol
                                          6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                            6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                    1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                      num ber of
                                           repres entative
                                              particles
60.1 g SiO2
                         m a ss                 0.8 moles SiO2 x
                                                                 1 mole SiO2

                                    m olar m as s          = 0.8 x 60.1 g SiO2
             1 m ol                     1 m ol
         m olar m as s                                     = 48.1 g SiO2


                         m o le s
                                                  1 m ol
                                          6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                            6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                    1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                      num ber of
                                           repres entative
                                              particles
m as s

                                  m olar m as s
             1 m ol                   1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m oles
                                                1 m ol
                                        6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                           6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                   1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                       num ber of
                                         r e p r e s e n t a t iv e
                                               p a r t ic le s
200 g N2O
                         m a ss
                                    m olar m as s
             1 m ol                     1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m o le s
                                                  1 m ol
                                          6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                            6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                    1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                       num ber of
                                          r e p r e s e n t a t i v e ? molecules N2O
                                               p a r tic le s
200 g N2O
                         m a ss
                                    m olar m as s
             1 m ol                     1 m ol
         m olar m as s

                         m o le s
                                                  1 m ol
                                          6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol
             22.4L
                            6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                    1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                       num ber of
                                          r e p r e s e n ta tiv e   ? molecules N2O
                                               p a r tic le s
1 mole N2O 6.02 x 1023 molecules N2O
         200 g N2O x            x
                     44.0 g N2O        1 mole N2O

                         m a ss                   200 x 6.02 x 1023 molecules N2O
                                                =
                                                                 44.0
                                    m olar m as s                       24
             1 m ol                     1 m ol            = 2.74 x 10        molecules N2O
         m olar m as s

                                                                                this
                         m o le s                                               is so
                                                  1 m ol
                                          6.02 x 10 23 particles
22.4L
1 m ol       1 m ol                                                             cool!
             22.4L
                            6.02 x 10 23 particles
                                                                                  !
                                    1 m ol
volum e
at S TP                                       num ber of
                                          r e p r e s e n ta tiv e
                                               p a r tic le s

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Mole conversions

  • 2. Ju s t like a dozen re p re s e nts 1 2 of s om e th ing, s u ch as d onu ts , igu anas , ch e m is try as s ignm e nts , e tc., a mole als o re p re s e nts an am ou nt of s om e th ing. It is 6.02 x 1 0 23 of s om e th ing. A m ole can re p re s e nt 6.02 x 1 0 d onu ts , igu anas , toe s , e tc. 23 In ch e m is try, it is norm ally u s e d to re p re s e nt an am ou nt of atom s , ions , m ole cu le s , or form u la u nits . C olle ctive ly, atom s , ions , m ole cu le s , or form u la u nits are calle d re p re se ntative p articl s . e
  • 3. Because chemists deal with such large amounts of particles, it is easier to work with moles of particles
  • 4. amounts of particles can be expressed not only as moles, but as mass (grams), as volume (liters), and as individual particles (atoms, molecules, ions, formula units, etc.)
  • 5. a measurement of a sample of a molecule, H2O for example, can be converted O H from mass H to moles to particles to volume and back again to any unit of measurement desired
  • 6. using the right this is so conversion cool!! factors
  • 7. m as s m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m oles 1 m ol 6 .02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 8. m as s m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m oles 1 m ol 6 .02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 9. m as s m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m oles 1 m ol 6 .02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 10. m a ss m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m oles 1 m ol 6 .02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 11. m a ss m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 12. m a ss m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 13. m a ss m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 14. m a ss m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 15. 35 g Al m a ss m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m oles 1 m ol 6 .02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 16. 35 g Al m a ss m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s ? moles Al m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 17. 35 g Al x 1 mol m a ss 27 g m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 18. 35 g Al x 1 mol m a ss 27 g 35 g Al x 1 mol m olar m as s = 1 m ol 1 m ol 27g m olar m as s m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 19. 35 g Al x 1 mol m a ss 27 g 35 mol Al m olar m as s = 1 m ol 1 m ol 27 m olar m as s = 1.3 mols Al m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 20. m a ss ? mass SiO2 m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m o le s 0.8 moles SiO2 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 21. m a ss ? mass SiO2 m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m o le s 0.8 moles SiO2 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 22. 60.1 g SiO2 m a ss 0.8 moles SiO2 x 1 mole SiO2 m olar m as s = 0.8 x 60.1 g SiO2 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s = 48.1 g SiO2 m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of repres entative particles
  • 23. m as s m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m oles 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of r e p r e s e n t a t iv e p a r t ic le s
  • 24. 200 g N2O m a ss m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of r e p r e s e n t a t i v e ? molecules N2O p a r tic le s
  • 25. 200 g N2O m a ss m olar m as s 1 m ol 1 m ol m olar m as s m o le s 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of r e p r e s e n ta tiv e ? molecules N2O p a r tic le s
  • 26. 1 mole N2O 6.02 x 1023 molecules N2O 200 g N2O x x 44.0 g N2O 1 mole N2O m a ss 200 x 6.02 x 1023 molecules N2O = 44.0 m olar m as s 24 1 m ol 1 m ol = 2.74 x 10 molecules N2O m olar m as s this m o le s is so 1 m ol 6.02 x 10 23 particles 22.4L 1 m ol 1 m ol cool! 22.4L 6.02 x 10 23 particles ! 1 m ol volum e at S TP num ber of r e p r e s e n ta tiv e p a r tic le s