The document defines distributed systems as a set of autonomous computational resources that communicate through a network to achieve a common goal. It discusses key concepts like cooperation, autonomy, and communication in distributed systems. It also covers advantages like reliability, resource sharing, and scalability, as well as disadvantages like security and complexity. The document then discusses the evolution of distributed systems and various architectural models like master-worker, client-server, and peer-to-peer. Finally, it outlines several fields of application for distributed systems like computer science, science/engineering, business, and public administration.