4. Editing
Enhance student
achievement
Graphic
Organizers
Make information easier
to understand
Note-taking
Improve involvement
and retention
Partnering
Collaboration increases
student participation
and learning
Reflection
Used to set and achieve
goals
Word Walls
Allow analysis of
unknown new
vocabulary
Summarize
Increase understanding
of content
Rubrics
Develop vision of
success
5. Sequential Conceptual Hierarchical Cyclical
Graphic Organizers help:
Organize knowledge
Make connections
Clarify thinking
Increase creativity
Share/brainstorm information
6. Partnering helps:
Foster development of community
Elicit ideas, increase content
volume
Practice language
Partnering can be used for:
Question and predict
Compare and
analyze
Classifying,
metaphors, analogies
Brainstorming
Share and discuss
7. Types of Word Walls:Word Walls are:
Organized collection of words on
display
Help in learning to read
Content
Content Specific
Language
11. Types of Reflection:Reflection helps:
Form connections
Fosters meaning
Action + Reflection = Learning
Product – (Result)
Process – (How)
Progress – (Why)
Content – (What)
12. Types of Summaries:
Information
Provocative Report
Analysis
Executive Abstracts
Summarizing helps:
Consolidate important information
Improve memory
Practice concision
13. With your partner prepare a strategy plan for one lesson using any two or
more instructional strategies.
14. Complete the L-Column in the KWL chart with what you
have learned
Know Want to know Learn
15. Research on Graphic Organizers. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2015, from
https://www.mentoringminds.com/pdf/pdfGraphicOrganizersResearch.pdf
Summarizing. (2015). Retrieved December 4, 2015, from
http://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/summarizing
Word Walls. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2015, from
http://mavoigt.weebly.com/word-wall.html
Hinweis der Redaktion
Teachers will be given KWL chart to fill before the presentation. Each teacher will write what she/he know about the instructional strategies in the “K” column. Then fill the “W” column with what she/he wants to know.
The “L” column will be completed at the end of the presentation.
Ellis (2001) noted that information is more easily learned and understood with visual organizers. Meyen, Vergason, and Whelan (1996) share that graphic organizers depict a visual, organized display that makes “information easier to understand and learn”.
Coleman Report, 1973) Collaborative activities are an effective way to increase student participation. Encourages persistence in learning (Johnson & Johnson, 1999). Demonstrate heightened responsibility for one’s learning (McAllister, 1990; Pierce and Van Houten, 1984). Student writing increases as students gain awareness that they have an audience they’re writing for (Wootten, 1981), Peer interactions can guide and support high- quality thinking and discussion (Cohen, 1994).
“They serve as an excellent source of information for students attempting to analyze unknown words, spell unfamiliar words, or define new vocabulary" (Yates, Cuthrell, & Rose, 2011). "Using three-dimensional picture models to represent words gives students a lasting correlation between pictures and the words they illustrate" (Zivkovich, 1997).
When used as part of a formative, student-centered approach to assessment, rubrics have the potential to help students develop a “vision of success” as well as “make dependable judgments about the quality of their own work” (Stiggins, 2001, p. 11).
Asking students to continue working on a task until it is completed and accurate (until the standard is met) enhances student achievement (Marzano, Pickering, & Pollock, 2001).
Note-taking in classes has been shown to increase academic achievement (Boyle, 2007; Boyle, 2010; Kiewra, 1985; Kiewra & Benton, 1988)
Teachers can use reflection to set goals and determine what skills need to be revisited and how well students are understanding new information. (Jackson, 2009). Asking declarative and procedural questions encourages students to set goals and use higher levels of thinking. (Ullman, 2011)
Summarizing strategies, on average, increased students' understanding of content by 19 percentile points (Haystead & Marzano, 2009).
Conceptual organizers
Venn diagram, a web (or web map), a T-chart, or a cause/effect diagram.
A conceptual organizer is a representation or diagram that helps explain concepts and relationships in all subjects, and in all age levels,
Sequential organizers
A timeline, A flow chart , A plot diagram , timeline matrix ,
strongest in presenting the order of events or actions. It is especially useful in strengthening higher levels of thinking through applying logical thinking.
Cyclical organizers
describe events or processes that occur in a specific order. And do not have a beginning and an ending, but goes in a cycle.
Hierarchical Organizers
often used in explaining the classification system. It rates topics, or puts them in order according to the value of a specific criterion.
Partnering fosters the development of an effective learning community
Partnering elicits many more ideas and increases the volume of content that can be understood.
Partnering is an effective strategy to increase opportunities to practice using language
Partnering increase vocabulary and fluency.
Partnering can be used for
Share and Discuss: Think-Pair-Share strategy
Brainstorming
Compare and Analyze
Classifying, Metaphors, and Analogies
Question and Predict
A word wall is a literacy tool composed of an organized collection of words which are displayed in large visible letters on a wall, bulletin board, or other display areas in a classroom.
If used consistently, can make a difference in learning to read in areas such as:
Phonemic awareness
Phonics
Comprehension
Vocabulary
Fluency
Types of word walls are
Content Word Walls
Content specific word walls
Language Word Walls
A rubric is a tool that clearly represents the performance expectations for an assignment or piece of work. A rubric provides clear descriptions of the characteristics of the work associated with each component, at varying levels of mastery. Rubrics make the expectations of the task transparent. It defines quality and sets the focus so that everyone involved can recognize a quality product or performance. Rubrics provide a framework for feedback that is essential to student academic growth and achievement
Examples of the different types of rubrics:
Written products
Performances
Visual Products
Processes
Content
Editing with effective feedback reminds the writer to go back and ensure that the standards and high quality are evident in their product.
Editing is not only related with correcting the mechanics of writing, but includes examining the content to determine if it is accurate, relevant, and interesting, reviewing the organization of the paper to determine if it is arranged in a logical and pleasing manner. It also includes a focus on analysis based on the rubric so that the writer receives effective feedback.
Types of editing
Teacher/supervisor editing
Self-editing
Peer editing
Note taking helps students' retention of most important ideas and builds concept understanding. Note taking is an active tool that captures and keeps important ideas that transmit quickly in students' minds allowing them to revise, understand relationships and organize for study. An effective tool that suits all learners' levels and types from kindergarten through high school till university helping them to learn from each other through discussing their opinions and understanding. Has different form that starts with simple outline, concept maps or complex GOs and electronic tools using technology. Memory reinforcement and mind stimulation is done through the coordination of manual recording and mental processing.
Note taking is a process that includes revisiting notes, revising the notes and organizing the notes into a format that will assist the student to remember the information more readily.
Notes should be organized so the student can use them to study for exams and/or use the notes for essays or research projects.
Copious notes made by students will indicate more critical thinking on the part of the students to connect with the information.
The process of taking notes is known as encoding which shown to be statistically more effective than not taking notes.
Note taking types
Outlining
Charts (Four column charts, Three column charts, KWL, KWS,
The Note/Page/Comments chart)
The Cornell Method
Think in Threes
SQ3R
The Sentence Method
Reflections are also a form of summary. They allow students to think about their thinking and give a short summary of it. Reflection allows students to relive experiences in their minds and connect them to other learning or feelings. Teachers often worry that reflection takes time away from learning activities. Real learning, however, requires reflection on top of action to create meaning. Teachers must get in the habit of “thinking about their thinking” to encourage students to do the same.
Types of reflection
Content - The What (Declarative knowledge (facts students learn), Procedural knowledge (skills students use))
Process - The How
Product - The Result
Progress - The Why
Summarizing teaches students how to discern the most important ideas in a text, how to ignore irrelevant information, and how to integrate the central ideas in a meaningful way. Teaching students to summarize improves their memory for what is read. Summarization strategies can be used in almost every content area.
It helps students learn to determine essential ideas and consolidate important details that support them.
It enables students to focus on key words and phrases of an assigned text that are worth noting and remembering.
It teaches students how to take a large selection of text and reduce it to the main points for more concise understanding.
Summarize types
Information summaries
Analysis summaries
Provocative summary
Report Summaries
Executive summary Abstracts
Students will take notes while reading.
Students will write a summary using their notes.
Students exchange their summaries with a partner.
Partners will peer-edit the writing using a rubric and provide feedback.