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Two-step clinical nutrition process for pet feeding assessments and plans
- 5. Body Condition Scoring © Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc.
- 6. Body Condition Scoring © Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc.
- 10. Review of Basic Nutrients: Water As fed Nutrients are calculated as a percentage of the product including water Dry matter basis Nutrients are calculated as a percentage of the product without the water Vs. Nutrients in food…
- 17. Review of Basic Nutrients - Proteins Essential Amino Acids Arginine Phenylalanine Histidine Threonine Isoleucine Tryptophan Leucine Valine Lysine Taurine* Methionine
- 18. Amino Acids of Special Concern Arginine (Essential) Immune system stimulant; key in management of dogs with cancer Taurine (Essential in cats) Critical for retinal and cardiac muscle development in cats; Conditionally essential in Newfoundlands Carnitine (Conditionally essential) Improves fat metabolism, builds lean body tissue, make mitochondria more efficient
- 19. Review of Basic Nutrients: Protein Plant Protein Sources Animal Protein Sources More consistent in quality More bioavailable (no cellulose layer to break down) Needs to be combined with other plants to be complete More complete More expensive
- 21. Review of Basic Nutrients - Proteins AAFCO PROTEIN minimums - DMB Adult Dog – 18% Puppy – 22% Adult Cat – 26% Kitten – 30%
- 24. Review of Basic Nutrients - Fat AAFCO FAT minimums - DMB Adult Dog – 5% Puppy – 8% Adult Cat – 9% Kitten – 9%
- 25. Review of Basic Nutrients – Minerals Minerals of Special Concern in Dogs & Cats Mineral Diseases Exacerbated Sodium Heart failure Hypertension Kidney disease Calcium Skeletal disease (pups) Bladder stones Phosphorus Kidney failure Skeletal disease Bladder stones Magnesium Struvite bladder stones
- 39. How Much Should Breeze Eat? 11-years old M(N) Shetland Sheepdog, 21# BCS 3/5
- 42. Life Stage Feeding The practice of feeding animals foods designed to meet their optimal nutritional needs at a specific age or physiologic state Feeding an animal above or below their optimal nutritional level can negatively affect their health. “ Cowboy” 5 mos.
- 44. What types of life stages and would you consider when making a nutritional recommendation?
- 47. Life Stage: Adult
- 48. Life Stage: Adult – Canine Recommended 3500 Kcal/kg AAFCO Minimum 2.5% 1.6% 0.5% 0.6% 5% 18% .4%-.9% .5%-1.0% 10-20% 15-30% 3500 - 4500 Kcal/kg Image Source: Dr. Geneva Acor, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc. Calories/Energy Fat Calcium Phosphorus Protein
- 51. Life Stage: Adult - Feline Recommended 4000 Kcal/kg AAFCO Minimum 0.5% 0.04% 9% 26% 0.5%-0.8% 0.04-0.1% 10-30% 30-45% 4000 - 5000 Kcal/kg Source: Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc. Calories/Energy Fat Calcium Phosphorus Protein
- 54. Life Stage: Growth Carly, 5 months Amanda Adels “ Maisey” 8 months Stephanie Caviglia
- 56. Life Stage: Large Breed Puppy
- 58. Ben, 8-year old, mixed breed
- 59. Pre-surgical radiograph Ben, 8-year old, mixed breed
- 60. Post-surgical radiograph Ben, 8-year old, mixed breed
- 63. Clinical Findings JAVMA, Vol. 220, No. 9, May 1, 2002 Control Group Limit-fed Group Hip joint lesions 15/22 3/21 Shoulder joint lesions 19/22 12/21
- 66. 1.18% Ca 3.3% Ca Excessive Calcium Hazewinkle, Thesis, Utrecht 1985
- 67. Life Stage: Reproduction/Lactation Baby & Pups
- 69. Life Stage: Feline Reproduction/Lactation Thepetcenter.com Wikipedia.com
- 72. Life Stage: Senior Stephanie’s Cat 18 yrs, M(N) DSH Crystal Branch Stephanie Caviglia “ Ginger” 14 yrs, F(N) Scottish Terrier
- 76. Life Style: Active Adult What is the most important nutritional factor for an active lifestyle? High Energy Density
- 80. No visible waistline Fat pools around tailbase “ Missy” English Pointer F(N); 92# BCS 5/5 Karen Pogmore
- 81. “ Rocky” 7years, M(N) DSH 20# BCS 5/5 (enjoys yoga ) Nicole Polizzi
- 87. Rocky’s Energy Needs “ Rocky” 7yrs; M(N), DSH 20lbs, BCS 5/5 RULE FOR OVERWEIGHT ANIMALS Calculate RER based on TARGET WEIGHT , NOT Current Weight WHERE WOULD YOU FIND ROCKY’S TARGET WEIGHT?
- 88. Rocky’s Energy Needs 315 kcals 0.8 0.8 x 315 kcals = 252 kcals 252 kcals per day 283 kcals/cup = ~ 4 / 5 cup INTERIM Target Weight: 18 lbs Science Diet® Feline Hairball Control Light Adult – Dry 283 kcals/cup “ Rocky” 7yrs; M(N), DSH 20lbs, BCS 5/5 RER RER = 30 x BW(kg) +70 DER Factor DER # cups to be fed/day
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- The energy requirements for carbohydrates increase in dogs during pregnancy. Because cats are strict carnivores, they don’t have a dietary requirement for carbohydrates and cannot metabolize large amounts of simple carbohydrates. It bulks up food – more bulk/fiber It reduces cost – in the manufacturing process, CHO less expensive than fat or protein.
- Normalize bowel transit time is IMPORTANT because fiber pulls water into the bowel and softens it for passage. If an animal has diarrhea, the fiber absorbs the excess water. Probiotics help to establish the best balance of microorganisms in the GI tract. They live in the colon and break down long chain insoluble carbohydrates into healthy short-chain fatty acids. They nourish colonic cells.
- Cats lose taurine in their feces due to normal GI bacterial action, and coupled with the fact that they can’t synthesize it, makes it an important essential amino acid. Tell story of litter of kittens and vegetarian owner at ASPCA. Importance of Taurine.
- AAFCO doesn’t publish ranges in its profiles – only minimums of nutrients and in the case of certain minerals like calcium and phosphorus – maximums.
- Alpha linolenic , Linoleic acid and Arachaonic acid are all ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS. DOGS: Linoleic is essential in the dog, and from that dogs can make alpha linolenic. Dogs can also synthesize arachidonic acid CATS: Arachidonic is essential in the cat only – they cannot synthesize it. Omega-6 fatty acids are required for growth and reproduction, and are precursors to certain hormones – like prostaglandin CELL MEMBRANE: remember from your anatomy class that the cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bi-layer
- Ben was a patient at the Animal Referral Center in Ft. Pierce, Florida.
- This is a radiograph taken of Ben’s pelvis prior to surgery. You can see cardinal signs of hip dysplasia here. The left femur head doesn’t fit into the acetabulum, and has worn away some.
- This is a post-surgery radiograph – Ben had his left femur head removed – a femoral head ostectomy. The point of all this is to illustrate the connection between obesity and skeletal problems.
- This research was done by Purina. The Purina Life Span Study www.Purinavets.com Password: nutrition