Physiology

1. APPLIED ASPECT OF
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
NUR IZZATUL NAJWA BINTI SHARUPUDDIN
082015100036

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVE
AT THE END OF THIS SEMINAR, STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO :
• KNOW THE APPLIED ASPECT OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
• LIST THE CAUSES OF HYPERACTIVITY AND HYPOACTIVITY 0F
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
• LIST THE SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERACTIVITY AND
HYPOACTIVITY 0F ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

3. HYPERACTIVITY HYPOACTIVITY
Gigantism Dwarfism
Acromegaly Acromicria
INTRODUCTION

4. GIGANTISM
• Excess growth of body
• Average height is
approximately 7 – 8 feet
• Causes: Tumor of acidophilic
cells of anterior pituitary
• Excessive growth hormone
secretion

5. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Huge stature : 7 or 8 feet height
• Hyperglycemia , develop glycosuria ,
pituitary diabetes mellitus
• Headache due to tumor of pituitary
• Visual disturbances
• Gigantism ends in hypopituitarism (burning
of cells of anterior pituitary )

6. ACROMEGALY
Anterior pituitary disorder characterized
by:
• Enlargement, thickening, and broadening
of bones
• Particularly extremities of the body
Causes
• Adenomatous tumor of anterior pituitary
involving the acidophilic cells.
• Excess GH after fusion of epiphysis with
shaft of bone

7. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Striking features are protrusion of :
• Supraorbital ridges
• Broadening of nose
• Thickening of lips
• Thickening and wrinkles formation
on forehead
• Prognathism
• Kyphosis : enlargement of hands and feet
with bowing spine
• Hypertrichosis
• Visceral organs are enlarged

8. • Thyroid , parathyroid and adrenal glands
shows hyperactivity
• Hyperglycemia and glucosuria
• Hypertension
• Headache
• Visual disturbance – Bitemporal
hemianopia
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

11. DWARFISM
• Pituitary disorder in children
characterized by stunted
growth

12. Causes:
• Reduction in the GH in infancy or early
childhood :
• Tumor of chromophobes : nonfunctioning tumor ,
compresses and destroys the normal cells
• Atrophy of acidophilic cells in the
adenohypophysis
• Deficiency of GH releasing hormone from
hypothalamus
• Deficiency of Somatomedin – C
• Panhypopituitarism

13. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Stunted skeletal growth
• Maximum height approximately 3
feet
• Head becomes slightly larger in
relation of body
• Normal mental activity

14. Acromicria
• Rare disease in adults characterized
by the atrophy of the extremities of
the body

15. Causes of Acromicria
• Deficiency of GH in adults
• Secretion of GH decreases in the
following conditions:
• Deficiency of GH releasing hormone
• Atrophy of acidophilic cells in the
anterior pituitary
• Tumor of chromophobes
• Panhypopituitarism

16. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Atrophy and thinning of extremities
(major symptoms )
• Associated with hypothyroidism
• Hyposecretion of adrenocortical
hormone
• Person becomes lethargic and obese
• Loss of sexual function

18. SUMMARY

19. REFERENCE
• BD CHAURASIA 25TH EDITION
• GUYTON AND HALL MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY, ASIAN SOUTH EDITION